抢分秘籍03阅读理解(主旨大意+推理判断+细节理解+词义猜测)(原卷版+解析)-2025年高考英语总复习(通用版)

这是一份抢分秘籍03阅读理解(主旨大意+推理判断+细节理解+词义猜测)(原卷版+解析)-2025年高考英语总复习(通用版)，文件包含抢分秘籍03阅读理解主旨大意+推理判断+细节理解+词义猜测原卷版-2025年高考英语总复习通用版docx、抢分秘籍03阅读理解主旨大意+推理判断+细节理解+词义猜测解析版-2025年高考英语总复习通用版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共71页， 欢迎下载使用。

目录
【高考预测】（阅读理解）主旨大意+推理判断+细节理解+词义猜测
【思维导图】阅读理解考点考向思维导图
【应试秘籍】阅读理解常考点及应对的策略
【误区点拨】阅读理解点拨常见的易错点
【抢分通关】阅读理解押题新高考方向，讲解通关策略（含新考法）
【模拟新题练】
【押题演练】

【思维导图】
一、主旨大意题

秘籍：主旨大意题分为归纳文章标题、段落大意和文章大意。标题归纳题属于文章中心思想的精炼表达。标题具有以下特征：①概括性：能概括全文并体现文章的主旨；②针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；③新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；④精准性：不改变原文的意思和感情色彩⑤简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。
段落大意题解题时重点关注段落第一句，段落第一句往往是段落的主旨句，有时会和段落结尾句首尾呼应。文章大意题解答时应当重点关注文章第一段和最后一段。第一段往往会点明文章的主要内容和线索，有时在各个段落的主旨句中也可以提炼文章的大意。
易错点1：文章标题的常见错误（①断章取义；②以偏概全）
(2025年1月•浙江卷) A nvel design apprach t gardening has been gaining in ppularity wrldwide. Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and pwer tls, it’s based n an elegantly simple principle: t garden mre like nature des.
The cncept was brn when German city planners sught t plant large areas f parkland after Wrld War II in a reprducible way that wuld need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that culd be used mdularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are gruped s that they will grw tgether abve and belw grund, frming a cperative ecsystem that cnserves water and discurages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudlf’s gardens ppularized this style, adding artistic flavrs t the planting mixes while playing with clr and frm, including fur-seasn interest and serving the needs f wildlife. Beautiful year-rund, they invite yu t enjy the smallest detail, frm the sund f grasses in the gentle wind t the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads.
It takes a lt f thught t lk this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first cnsideratin. Led by the cncept f “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjy the same sil, sun and weather cnditins, and arrange them accrding t their patterns f grwth.
The benefits are substantial fr bth gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s eclgy can develp well. Established matrix gardens shuld nt need the life supprt we give mst gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Cmpared t traditinal garden plts, they increase carbn absrptin, reduce strmwater runff and bst habitat and bidiversity significantly.
31．Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The future f gardening is WILD．B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS.
C．Matrix gardens need mre CARE.D．Old garden plts wrk WONDERS.
这是一个很容易做错的一个高考典例，有些同学选D．Old garden plts wrk WONDERS，他们从文章找到了Cmpared t traditinal garden plts, they increase carbn absrptin, reduce strmwater runff and bst habitat and bidiversity significantly.，认为Old garden plts是traditinal garden plts的改写，有些相似之处，就以为找到了答案，没有认真分析哪里来的wrk WONDERS；有些同学从文中找到了matrix gardens就选C Matrix gardens need mre CARE，但和文中的Established matrix gardens shuld nt need the life supprt we give mst gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering.相悖，故错误。选标题时一定要从文章整体把握，切不可断章取义、以偏概全。
1.解题技巧：
2.思维方法：
要首先找出文章的主题句，然后根据文章主题句确定文章标题，如果没有主题句再寻找全文重复性强的关键词或者概括全文。
① 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；
② 反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；
③ 研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。
易错点2：文章的段落大意定位不准

(2025年1月•浙江卷) D篇 Martin sees a silver lining, hwever: She believes that anthrpmrphism (拟人化) “prvides an pprtunity t change steretypes.” When wmen are put int psitins f leadership like running cmpanies, it reduces negative steretypes abut wmen. Similarly, anthrpmrphized prducts culd be created t take n steretype-incnsistent rles — a male rbt that assists with nursing r a female rbt that helps d calculatins, fr instance.
35．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．The quality f genderless prducts.B．The upside f gendering a prduct.
C．The meaning f anthrpmrphism.D．The steretypes f men and wmen.
解题技巧：
段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。
做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。
易错点3：文章大意把握不准
(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) C篇
We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
11. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
本文的文章大意需要从文中各段进行总结，最后总结概括文章大意。
文章在不同的段落里说明了巴比伦微型农场的特点：减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等，很显然这都是农场的优势。故A选项正确。它是对全文的高度概括，语言精练。
文章大意解题指导
方法1：主题句法
解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。
(1)根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句
(2)根据行文标志来定位主题句
方法2：高频词法
全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
方法3：逆向思维法
在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。
二、推理判断题

推理判断题包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度、文章出处或写作对象、目的意图和下文预测推断题。推理判断题的命题选项采用的方法：
注意：比较级后面常有than, 有时前面会有any, much, far, even, still, a bit等修饰其程度。
易错点1： 对人物和事件的描述出错

1.(2025年1月•浙江卷)C篇 Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudlf’s gardens ppularized this style, adding artistic flavrs t the planting mixes while playing with clr and frm, including fur-seasn interest and serving the needs f wildlife. Beautiful year-rund, they invite yu t enjy the smallest detail, frm the sund f grasses in the gentle wind t the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads.
30．Which f the fllwing best describes Piet Oudlf’s gardens?
A．Traditinal.B．Odd-lking.
C．Tasteful.D．Well-prtected.
2.（2025年1月浙江卷）
I’ve been trying ut these strategies and I’ve fund that when I’m less restrictive, they d make better decisins. “Feeding is a lng game,” says Markey. “The fd yu have available makes a huge difference. Even if they dn’t eat it, they’ re seeing it. And then all f a sudden it clicks.”
27. What des the authr think f the strategies she has been fllwing?
A. Cstly. B. Cmplex. C. Wrkable. D. Cntradictry.
如何判断人物和事件的特征
（1）思维导图
（2）人物和事件特征的设问方式
1．Which f the fllwing best
2．Accrding t the text, which wrds can best describe
3.Which f the fllwing best describe accrding t Paragraph
4.Hw wuld the authr feel abut the utcme f the event?
5.What did the authr think f
（3）解题技巧
把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。
易错点2： 写作态度易错
1.(2024·全国甲卷)
Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allws fr basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”
31. What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative.B. DubtfulC. Ambiguus.D. Cautius.
2.（2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇）
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.”Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
( )35.What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.
B. Dismissive.
C. Dubtful.
D. Apprving.
解题方法：
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如pssible, impssible, seem, strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
褒义词有：supprtive(支持的)；psitive(积极的)；ptimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。
贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；irnic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappinted(失望的)等。
中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；bjective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。
易错点3： 对预测文章走势茫然不知所措
（2023•全国乙卷·阅读理解C篇）
What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients(配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK's bsessin(痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
( )31.What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.
B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies f big eaters.
如何判断文章走势
（1）思维导图
（2）文章走势的设问方式
1. What will be discussed further in the cming paragraph?
2．What may the researchers d next accrding t the last paragraph?
3．What wuld the authr mst prbably discuss next?
4．Where des the article g next?
5.What wuld the fllwing paragraph talk abut?
（3）解题技巧
对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题目时，务必把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测判断。特别要注意文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话。
易错点4： 写作目的和意图易混易错点
1．（2024·新课标I卷）
Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700. “Smetimes it surprises me that it wrks s well,” he says. “I will d anything t help an animal. That’s my jb.”
27. Why des the authr mentin the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin?
A. T prve Farber’s pint. B. T emphasize its imprtance.
C. T praise veterinarians. D. T advcate animal prtectin.
2.（2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B）
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fibreglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des.“Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says.“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
( )26.What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A. T review Jhn’s research plans.
B. T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C. T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.
D. T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
如何判断写作目的和意图
（1）思维导图
（2）目的意图题的设问方式
What is the main purpse f the authr writing the text?
The purpse f the text is t get mre peple t _______.
The writer f the stry wants t tell us that________.
The fact…is mentined by the authr t shw________.
The authr writers the last paragraph in rder t ________.
（3）解题技巧：
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。
易错点5： 引申推断题易错
1．(2025年1月·浙江卷)B When I was a child I was ften tld what nt t eat. “Yu dn’t want t get fat” was n cnstant repeat thrughut my childhd. It really messed up my relatinship with fd — smething that tk me years t vercme. Because f this, I’m careful nt t cnnect what my kids weigh with their wrth as peple. I encurage my daughter t make healthy snack chices and ften dissuade (劝阻) her frm a secnd dessert. But ne day when I heard her saying “I think I’m t fat,” my heart sank. It made me wnder if giving her advice n snacks was having an unintentinally negative impact.
24. What can be inferred abut the authr frm the first paragraph?
A. She is upset by her kids’ weight. B. She is critical f the way she was fed.
C. She is interested in making fd. D. She is particular abut what she eats.
【答案】B
2.(2024新课标I卷)C
Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.
31. What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students shuld apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers shuld prduce their wn teaching material.
C. Print texts cannt be entirely replaced in educatin.
D. Educatin utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
如何进行引申推断
根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容进行引申推断得出推断结果。引申推断的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，推断出文章中事实的结论，得出新的判断；2.推理判断的结论不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基础上，通过逻辑推理得出的结论。
（1）思维导图
（2）错误选项的特点
1. 似是而非：只是对原文信息简单重述，而不是依据文章提供事实依据推断出来的结论。
2. 夸大事实：对文章的事实或证据进行夸大；有时，选项内容与原文一致无需推断。
3. 推理过度：选项往往过于绝对化或片面化(以偏概全)，有时会出现nly, all等词语。
4. 掺入常识：根据考生已有常识是正确的，但不是根据文章中的证据推断出来的结论。
（3）解题技巧：
引申推断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
①定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。
②字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。
③深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。
三、猜测词义

分析近三年新高考卷考查词义猜词的题目可知，对短语的考查与对生词的考查都有所涉及。我们都要运用逻辑关系、上下文、生活常识、文化背景、构词法等来猜测其含义。因此，在阅读过程中，考生需要结合语境，联系上下文进行猜测。
易错点1：词义/短语含义易混易错点
1.（2025•浙江新高考卷·阅读理解C篇节选）
A nvel design apprach t gardening has been gaining in ppularity wrldwide. Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and pwer tls, it’s based n an elegantly simple principle: t garden mre like nature des.
28. What des the underlined wrd “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Running ut f. B. Keeping away frm.
C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage f.
2.（2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C篇节选）
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable,befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
( )29.What des the underlined wrd“declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-n. C. Check-in. D. Take-ver.
一、利用上下文线索猜测词义
1．重述
作者为了使某一复杂难懂的词或术语的含义更清楚，通常会使用常用的、简明的词或词组对其进行解释，这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号(有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号)与句子的其他部分隔开或用信号词引导。常见的信号词汇有：r, namely, that is, in ther wrds, that is t say, t be mre exact, t put in anther way等。
2.定义
作者有时会通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义，尤其是在一些科普类、社科类及与专业内容相关的文章中。此时，常使用的信号词语有：i.e., is, are, is/are called, mean, refer t, knwn as等。
3.举例
有时，画线词后会跟有一些具体的例子，这些例子能帮助考生理解画线词的词义。此时常出现的信号词语有：such as, fr example, fr instance, like, including, especially等。
4.同义词或近义词
有时，在画线单词或短语的上下文会出现与之同义或近义的词汇，它往往暗示了画线词或短语的含义，这时就可以根据同义、近义的替代关系推知生词或短语的含义。同义词、近义词常见的信号词汇有：and, r, like, as well, similarly, t, als, either等。
5.反义词
有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。常见的表示对比或反义的信号词/词组有：(whether...) r, unlike, but, yet, hwever, while, althugh, nevertheless, instead, rather than, in cntrast, n the cntrary, n the ther hand等。
二、根据上下文逻辑猜测词义
有时作者并未在文中对某个单词或短语进行明显的解释说明，此时可根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推理，以确定某一复杂难懂的单词或短语的意义。
1．转折关系：利用转折关系猜测词义
2.对比关系：有时，文中会对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，或会出现与生词意思相反的词。因此，可以根据句中的对比关系来猜测词义。
3.类比关系
作为一种推理方法，类比关系是指类比各对象之间存在的一种相似性(共同特征)，它通过比较不同对象间的某些相似属性，从而推出另一属性也可能相似。常见的表示类比关系的信号词汇有：similarly, like, als, just as, as well等。
三、根据语法知识猜测词义
在英语句子中，同位语或同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句等都起着解释说明、补充或限定的作用，因此也能提供猜测词义的线索。
易错点2：代词指代易错点
（2020•新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C•节选）
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that．Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea：Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
9．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Develping a serius mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C．Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
代词指代题旨在考查考生根据上下文猜测代词的指代意义的能力。代词多是it, that, he, him, that等，可以指代上文提到的人或物，it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。
【做题步骤】
四、细节理解

细节理解题主要考查对文章中某一特定句子的理解，解题时可以使用快速阅读的方法，找到文章中对应的关键词，然后再仔细阅读相关的句子，理解其含义。
具体步骤如下：
第一步：采用先题后文法，先仔细审读题干，标出关键词。
第二步：采用原词复现、近义词、同义词甚至反义词等方法，迅速在原文中查询关键词句，再精准翻译。
第三步：核对选项，注意细节是否有替换或曲解。
易错点：不能识别同义表达易错

2.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C 篇节选）
C
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable,befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
( )28.What is the bk aimed at?
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.
B.Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Slving philsphical prblems.
D.Prmting the use f a digital device.
间接信息题的核心是识别同义句表达。最常用的方法是：1.采用同义词改写选项或题干；2.用反义词改写选项或题干，采用正话反说的方式；3.采用相关句式改写。
例如：本题的解题思维过程如下：
【题干定位】关键词 be aimed at
【文章定位】The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
【文章中的关键词】 The gal f this bk
【同义句表达手段】be aimed at =The gal f this bk
【内容定位】 t make the case fr digital minimalism
【选项关键词】Advcating v. 提倡( advcate的现在分词 )；为…辩护
【同义句表达手段】Advcating v. 提倡( advcate的现在分词 )；为…辩护=make the case fr为…辩护；提出理由
【正确选项】B
4.（2023·全国甲卷·阅读理解B篇节选）
Terri, wh nw rents a huse with friends in Wandswrth, Suth West Lndn, says DIY als saves her frm lsing any depsit when a tenancy (租期) cmes t an end. She adds: “I’ve mved huse many times and I always like t persnalise my rm and put up pictures, s, it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut.”
26. Hw did Terri avid lsing the depsit n the huse she rented?
A. By making it lk like befre.B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a rmmate.D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
【解题的关键词】题干中的avid lsing the depsit避免损失押金 和文章中的avid any charges 避免被扣除租房的押金，是同义句表达。
5.（2023·1月浙江卷·阅读理解C篇节选）What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, als wrk with symbls. But fr humans, meaning is everything. When we cmmunicate, we cmmunicate meaning. What matters is nt just the utside f a string f symbls, but the inside t, nt just hw they are arranged but what they mean.
30．What is Prject Debater unable t d accrding t Hammnd?
A．Create rules.B．Cmprehend meaning.
C．Talk fluently.D．Identify difficult wrds.
【解题的关键词】题干中的unable t d不能做 和文章中的des nt specify未指定，是同义句表达。

间接信息题解题指导
间接信息题常出现在各种文体中，会涉及各个方面的内容。解此类试题常用“同义表达”法。
该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键词语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换文中的相关细节信息,例如,使用cnduct对文中的carry ut进行同义转换,用finally对文中的eventual进行同义转换。
间接细节理解题的解题关键：
信息题的核心关键是识别同义句表达。目前高考中直接读出答案的细节理解题占的比重越来越少，很多情况下是对文章命题出处语句的不同程度的改写，因此，要想准确定位就要识别同义句表达。
最常用的方法是：1.采用同义词改写选项或题干；2.用反义词改写选项或题干，采用正话反说的方式；3.采用相关句式改写。
改写类别：1.改写阅读理解的题干。把题干中的关键词通常采用同义词的手段改写为同义句，这时，我们要找到文章中的同义词进行定位。
2.改写阅读理解中的选项。阅读理解问题中的选项很大程度上不是文章定位中的原句，大多采用了同义句表达的形式。识别选项中与原文定位中的同义句是选出正确答案的关键。
解题思路

高考模拟新题练
时间：30分钟 满分：50分 得分：__________
1.（2025·河北省保定市高三一模）
When yu hear the term “classical music,” d yu think f an easy-listening radi backgrund r passins deeply cnnecting with yur sul? As a music educatr, I advcate “cnscius listening” t classical music that is ripe fr fun, creative assciatins.
The first step t a cnscius listening experience is learning mindfulness: being fully attentive in the mment. Mindfulness is mre than letting the sund wash ver us; it’s abut pening up t the big picture with a nnjudgmental mind, which in the lng term enhances ur capacity fr cmplex cncepts and prblem-slving, leading t better judgment and decisins.
Finding mindfulness in the everyday is nt always easy. An audience member whispering r flipping pages frm a bklet during a live perfrmance can thrw the musicians ff and frustrate thers. Nise pllutin and scial media als create an underlying disturbance t ur listening pwers that can threaten ur health, gradually increasing ur anxiety and emtinal discnnectin.
Breathwrk is ne f the mst cmmn methds f cultivating mindfulness. A better way t ease in is t first engage emtinally with rich music. Then, allw the flw f energy t lead t tensin and release, creating anticipatin and then fulfilling it, naturally causing inhales (吸气) and exhales after multiple listens. This is exactly what listening t musical harmny des. Research shws that music pleasure emerges frm the interactin between ur anticipatin f upcming sund thrugh ur reward system and the actual pleasing sund itself.
Frget easyging “massage music.” Try fllwing the multiple vices in J. S. Bach’s cmpsitins that inspire mental calm and clarity thrugh their interactins. Or sense the emtinal tensin and release patterns in the harmnies f Sergei Rachmaninff. Classical music demands a higher level f awareness and ffers richer rewards. Then, the surrunding nise melts away.
Listening t music can feel like having a cmpanin n a jurney wh is guiding yu thrugh each mment f mindfulness. It is easier t becme mindful when fcusing n the flw f the music instead f seeking abslute quiet.
1．Hw des lng-term mindfulness practice benefit listeners?
A．By imprving scial interactin.B．By prmting issue-reslutin skills.
C．By enhancing relaxatin effects.D．By increasing musical appreciatin.
2．What majr challenge t mindful listening is highlighted in paragraph 3?
A．A critic mentality abut music.
B．Perfrmers inapprpriate behavirs.
C．The capacity fr cmplex cncepts.
D．Distractins frm nise and technlgy.
3．Why des the authr recmmend Bach and Rachmaninff’s wrks?
A．Their cmpsitins best demnstrate emtinal patterns.
B．Their wrks are the mst accessible fr beginners.
C．They represent the mst technically demanding pieces.
D．They are universally cnsidered easyging music.
4．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T highlight the advantages f mindfulness.
B．T cnvey persnal views n classical music.
C．T enable music listeners t engage deeply.
D．T intrduce a new methd fr cncentratin.
2.（2025·河北省石家庄市普通高中毕业年级教学质量检测（二））
King Shahryar, betrayed (背叛) by his wife, decides t marry a new wman each night and have her killed by mrning t ensure he is never betrayed again. Scheherazade vlunteers t marry the king. Each evening, she begins an engaging stry but stps at dawn, leaving him eager fr mre. Night after night, she keeps him attracted with new tales, and ver 1,001 nights, the king falls in lve with her and abandns his cruel ways.
This ancient tale frm One Thusand and One Nights highlights strytelling’s impact. Our recent research shws that strng strytelling skills can dramatically imprve smene’s well-being.
At its cre, strytelling helps peple find meaning frm life’s chas. Studies shw we shape ur identities by turning experiences int persnal stries. Skilled strytellers excel at tw key skills: they need t cnnect events lgically and they must learn t see the wrld thrugh the eyes f their characters, understanding the “why” f what drives peple. Applying these tw skills t their wn lives, skillful strytellers use the first t identify and pursue what gives their life meaning, while the secnd develps a mindset that priritizes the “why” behind their actins ver just the “hw”.
T illustrate this pint, we cnducted studies with 800 participants. We measured strytelling ability thrugh self-reprts, friend evaluatins and expert reviews n lab experiments where each participant tld ne stry abut himself and the ther with three given randm wrds. In additin t these assessments f strytelling skills, we asked participants questins t get a sense f hw meaningful they fund life and whether they apprached decisins with a “why” mindset rather than a “hw” mindset.
Results cnsistently linked strytelling skills t strnger life meaning and gal clarity. Persnality als mattered: peple pen t new experiences cllected mre interesting life stries, while shy peple used strytelling t balance ut their limited scial interactin.
A strng “why” mindset cnnects with reduced stress and extended life. Strytelling als builds scial cnnectins. By helping peple express their purpse and build relatinships, stries may indirectly strengthen bth mental and physical health.
Strytelling wrkshps, nw ppular glbally, may d mre than teach cmmunicatin they culd help participants redefine their life’s directin.
5．Why des the authr mentin Scheherazade’s stries in the first paragraph?
A．T shw Scheherazade’s cleverness.B．T entertain readers with a classic tale.
C．T intrduce the tpic f strytelling.D．T cmpare ancient and mdern stries.
6．What des the “why” mindset primarily fcus n?
A．Cmpleting daily tasks efficiently.B．Aviding stressful situatins.
C．Memrizing randm life events.D．Understanding life’s purpse.
7．What were participants asked t d in the lab experiment?
A．Share persnal interests in a grup.
B．Tell a stry with wrds prvided.
C．Reflect n the “why” behind their actins.
D．Cnnect events int a meaningful stry.
8．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．Scheherazade’s Survival in an Ancient Tale
B．Hw Peple’s Strytelling Abilities Develp
C．Living a Meaningful Life thrugh Strytelling
D．Why Shy Peple Attend Strytelling Wrkshps
3.（2025·吉林省长春市高三下学期质量监测（三））
If yu ever feel that the wrld is against yu, yu are nt alne. We all have a tendency t assume that when anything ges wrng, the fault lies within sme great intrigue (诡计) against us. If a c-wrker fails the deadline, they must be trying t ruin career. When WiFi in a cffee shp is nt wrking, the staff must be lying abut having it t attract yu in.
But the simple fact is that these explanatins, which we tend t jump t, are barely true. Maybe yur c-wrker thught tday was Tuesday, nt Wednesday. Maybe the WiFi ruter was just brken. This is where Hanln’s razr cmes in — a useful mental mdel that never credits t intentinal harm that can be fully explained by ignrance.
Applying Hanln’s razr, a useful tl fr rapid decisin-making and intelligent cmprehensin, in ur day-t-day lives allws us t becme less judgmental, and imprve reasning skills. Meanwhile, Hanln’s razr allws us t give peple the benefit f the dubt, have mre empathy (同理心) and teaches us nt t assume the wrst intentin in the actins f thers, the value f which is mst prnunced in relatinships, business matters, and persnal happiness.
We all lead cmplex lives where things are cnstantly ging wrng. When this ccurs, a cmmn respnse is t blame the nearest persn and assume they have bad intentin. Hwever, when smene messes up arund us, we frget hw many times we, t, have dne the same. Instead, the perpetratr becmes a surce f intense annyance.
T assume intentin in such a situatin is likely t wrsen the prblem. Nne f us can ever knw what smene else wants t happen. Inability r ignrance is far mre likely t be the cause than the desire t hurt. When a situatin causes us t becme angry r upset, it can be valuable t cnsider if thse emtins are justified. Often, the best way t react t ther peple causing us prblems is by seeking t educate them, nt t dismiss them. In this way, we can avid repeats f the same situatin.
9．Hw d peple typically react t failures accrding t the text?
A．Face true ill intentin.B．Shift current situatins.
C．Misplace blame n thers.D．Seek trustwrthy persns.
10．What des Hanln’s razr refer t?
A．It identifies wh is t blame.B．It is a device fr ruter repair.
C．It avids assuming harm by ignrance.D．It is an apprach fr clleague’s fault.
11．What des the underlined wrd “perpetratr” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．An errr maker.B．An issue fixer.C．A blame sharer.D．A familiar persn.
12．What will prbably be discussed next in the text?
A．Hw t cntrl the bad emtins.
B．Hw t instruct thers effectively.
C．Hw t change the nervus relatinship.
D．Hw t avid reappearance f the same situatin.
4.（2025·浙江省绍兴市高三下学期二模）
It turns ut patience isn’t always a virtue. By the time Nalin Kamat was 13, the Trnt teen was well n his way t becming a wrking artist. He had already had his first shw at a lcal arts hub, shwcasing his series titled Dispsitins, charcal sketches f the human bdy as a metaphr fr his wn transfrmatin during adlescence.
Yet he wanted mre-specifically t start shwing his wrk in a juried exhibitin (评审展览), where art experts wuld evaluate and select pieces in a cmpetitive review prcess. That’s when he hit an bstacle, discvering that the minimum age fr submissin was 18.
That rejectin stimulates his creatin. “There was a vid in the art wrld, and I thught it’d be really cl if I culd prvide the pprtunity fr mre yung artists,” says Nalin, nw 15. With the supprt f his parents, Nalin funded in 2023 Little ‘EGG Gallery, a cmmercial studi specially fr underage artists. The gallery, which is nw prfitable enugh t break even, charges a small hanging fee fr any displayed wrk and takes a 15 percent cmmissin fee n sales. In turn, Little EGG helps prmte yung talents by shwcasing their wrk.
Nt lng after pening, Ontari Cllege f Art and Design University prfessr and artist David Griffin stumbled upn the gallery while taking a casual walk with his wife in their neighburhd. An exhibitin was being installed at the time, and sme f Nalin’s wn wrk was n the walls. Upn meeting Nalin, Griffin says he understd that he was speaking with smene special: “a strng yung artist with a really excellent idea, which was t prvide a space fr shwing the lcal cmmunity the easy, natural genius f yung peple.” A cnnectin was frmed, and Nalin asked Griffin t help judge an upcming cmpetitin.
The first juried shw was last spring, and the tp three winners each received a $50 cash prize. Five-year-ld Jack Gamble wn fr his abstract painting titled Pkemn.
13．What mainly drve Nalin t start Little EGG Gallery?
A．The supprt f his parents.B．The desire t create his wn studi.
C．The wish t ffer yung artists chances.D．The apprval frm the lcal cmmunity.
14．What des the underlined phrase “stumbled upn” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Withdrew frm.B．Came acrss.C．Lked arund.D．Headed fr.
15．Which f the fllwing best describes Nalin Kamat?
A．Patient and humble.B．Determined and sympathetic.
C．Cmpetitive and cperative.D．Creative and devted.
16．What can we learn frm David Griffin’s wrds?
A．Nalin’s uniqueness impressed him a lt.
B．Nalin’s idea received wide recgnitin.
C．Nalin’s platfrm bsted yung artists’ creativity.
D．Nalin’s effrts brught abut the neighbrhd unity.
5.（2025·浙江省绍兴市高三下学期二模）
Nursing hmes have increasingly turned t rbts t cmplete a variety f care tasks. A new study frm a University f Ntre Dame expert n the future f wrk finds that rbt use is assciated with increased emplyment and emplyee retentin (留住), imprved prductivity and a higher quality f care. The research has imprtant implicatins fr the wrkplace and the lng-term care industry.
Yng Suk Lee, assciate prfessr f technlgy, ecnmy and glbal affairs, was the lead authr fr the study. “Our research fcused n Japan because it is a super-aging sciety that prvides a gd example f what the future culd entail elsewhere-a declining ppulatin, a grwing share f senir citizens and a declining share f wrking-age peple,” Lee said. “We need t be ready fr this new reality.”
In a future where there are mre senir citizens requiring care, using rbts in a targeted fashin culd benefit wrkers and patients alike, Lee said. The study analyzed three types f rbts that are increasingly used in assisted living facilities: Transfer rbts, which nurses use t lift, mve and rtate patients in beds and arund rms. Mbility rbts, which patients use t mve arund and t bathe. Mnitring and cmmunicatin rbts, which include technlgies such as cmputer visin and bed sensrs that can recrd and examine patient data such as mvement and share it with care prviders.
“We fund that rbt adptin aids care wrkers by reducing quit rates. This is imprtant because emplyee turnver is a big cncern in nursing hmes. Wrkers typically experience a great deal f physical pain, particularly in their knees and back. The wrk is hard and the pay is lw. S rbt use was assciated with emplyee retentin.” Lee said, “Rbts can imprve prductivity by shifting the tasks perfrmed by care wrkers t thse invlving human tuch, empathy and dexterity (灵活性). Ultimately, rbts can help wrkers prvide a higher level f patient care.”
“This research prvides critical insights int hw scieties can successfully navigate the challenges f caring fr aging ppulatins,” Lee said.
17．Why did Yng Suk Lee fcus his research n Japan?
A．It encurages the elderly care industry.B．It has a sund fundatin fr rbt nursing.
C．Its super-aging sciety well reflects the trend.D．It wns the mst advanced rbts in the wrld.
18．Hw d the nursing rbts imprve patient care?
A．They ffer full-time chat service.B．They mnitr patients’ real-time data.
C．They prvide specific treatment plans.D．They mve medical equipment freely.
19．Why des rbt adptin reduce wrkers’ quit rates?
A．It slves the issue f lw pay.
B．It eases their heavy wrking burden.
C．It helps t treat their ccupatinal injuries.
D．It switches their fcus frm human tuch t technlgy.
20．What’s the passage mainly abut?
A．Japan’s explratin exemplifies the care industry.
B．High quality care fr the elderly shuld be advcated.
C．Nursing rbts benefit staff retentin and patient care.
D．Rbt adptin in nursing requires critical examinatin.
押题演练
时间：30分钟 满分：50分 得分：__________
A
Jamie Carter’s stry is a shining example f hw ne persn’s determinatin can bring meaningful change t a cmmunity. At 16, Jamie has already changed lives in her cmmunity. Her jurney began at 13 when she vlunteered at a lcal fd shelter. While helping t pack bxes f canned gds, Jamie nticed ne pressing issue: there was a lack f fresh vegetables. This realizatin inspired her t address the prblem, eventually leading t a cmmunity-wide gardening initiative.
Jamie prpsed turning a part f her family’s 150-acre farm int a garden dedicated t prviding fresh prduce fr lcal families. While her mther, Sarah Carter, supprted the idea, she als understd the effrt it wuld require. Althugh the family had experience grwing crps like wheat and barley, raising vegetables was new t them. Hwever, Jamie was determined t make a difference and reduce the nutritinal gap she had bserved.
T vercme her lack f experience, Jamie cnducted thrugh research and applied fr a grant frm the Natinal Agriculture and Yuth Organizatin t fund her prject. She wrked tirelessly, spending tw t three hurs every day watering her crps during the ht summers f Kansas while balancing her ther cmmitments, like sccer practices. Additinally, she managed challenges such as weeds and particularly demanding crps like green beans.
With help frm her yunger siblings, Jamie’s half-acre garden prduced 15 types f vegetables in its first year, yielding 40 punds f prduce that benefited fd banks, nursing hmes, and sup kitchens. Inspired by this success, Jamie expanded the garden t duble its size. Over time, her prject has dnated mre than 7,000 punds f fresh prduce, valued at arund $15,000, earning her widespread respect within her cmmunity. Her effrts deeply mved many, including a mther frm a lcal shelter wh expressed gratitude fr fd that reminded her children f hme.
Jamie’s mtivatin is simple yet prfund. “I wanted t create smething that culd make a real impact,” she explained t KNC News. Her belief in cmmunity pwer and the jy f helping thers cntinues t inspire her future effrts.
1．What mtivated Jamie t start her gardening prject?
A．Her lve fr grwing plants.
B．A desire t learn farming techniques.
C．The need fr fresh vegetables at shelters.
D．The chance t becme well-knwn lcally.
2．Hw did Jamie tackle her lack f farming experience?
A．By cmbing study with practice.
B．By balancing her ther activities.
C．By wrking tirelessly n her wn.
D．By seeking advice frm rganizatins.
3．Which f the fllwing can best describe Jamie?
A．Observant and cautius.B．Ambitius and cnventinal.
C．Emtinal and persistent.D．Purpseful and devted.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Jamie’s Garden: A New Way f Planting
B．Frm Field t Family: A Teen’s Visin
C．Grwing Tgether: A Cmmunity Initiative
D．Jamie: A Girl Wh Sws Seeds f Change and Care
B
N! That’s the nly wrd we hear in the latest cute baby vide t g viral. But it’s nt the wrds that baby Orla says that has made this vide s ppular. It’s the fact that her babbling (咿呀声) clearly cpies the unique Scuse accent frm Liverpl.
This nw-famus infant may nly have been brn in 2022, but the different accents f babbling babies have been investigated fr many years. A study frm 2009 fund that French babies tend t cry with a rising intnatin,while German babies’ cries ften have a falling intnatin. Other studies have shwn American and French babies reflecting syllables (音节) frm English and French respectively, and that babies with parents wh speak a tnal language, like Mandarin, had a greater range f tnes in their crying.
S why des this happen? As children develp, they practise making the sunds f the language that they hear arund them. It’s natural that they pick up the sunds and rhythms that surrund them. In fact, babies start t learn language frm their mther frm three mnths befre birth. Hwever, it’s nt just the language f immediate family and caregivers that has an impact. Prfessr f develpmental psychlgy, Carline Flccia, highlights studies suggesting that children are mre likely t acquire the accent f their envirnment than that f a parent wh has an accent that is freign t that lcatin.
Why is this imprtant t knw? Well, what it shws us is that babies are learning language thrugh practice,and that the mre time that parents spend interacting with their children, the greater the pprtunity fr this there is. While babbling babies may nt be able t say many wrds, studies estimate that they can understand many times the number f wrds than thse that they can actually say. Giving babies expsure t a greater number f wrds allws them t better build their vcabulary.
5．Why is baby Orla mentined in paragraph 1?
A．T ffer backgrund infrmatin.B．T intrduce a tpic.
C．T explain a phenmenn.D．T prve the fact.
6．Hw is paragraph 2 develped?
A．By listing data.B．By analyzing causes.
C．By prviding definitins.D．By making cmparisns.
7．Why d babies tend t pick up the sunds and rhythms f their envirnment?
A．Because they are brn with an ability t fllw a freign parent.
B．Because it’s a natural part f their language acquisitin prcess.
C．Because they are frced t d s by their caregivers.
D．Because it helps them develp their musical talent.
8．What des the text suggest t parents?
A．Talking mre t their babies.B．Understanding their babies.
C．Getting rid f their accents.D．Staying with their babies ccasinally.
C
ChatGPT and ther generative AI tls have raised cncerns that chatbts will replace many kinds f wrkers. Writers, editrs, and custmer service representatives are amng the jbs that culd be affected.
Supprters reasn that AI might destry sme jbs while creating thers. They als say that the technlgy will prbably make wrkers mre prductive, benefiting themselves, their emplyers and the ecnmy. Sam Altman is the chief f OpenAI, the creatr f ChatGPT. He said that he believes “AI is ging t eliminate a lt f current jbs, and this is ging t change the way that a lt f current jbs functin.” Nick Bunker is an ecnmist at the Indeed Hiring Lab, part f a jb search website. He said that he des nt believe the technlgy is ging t lead t a lt f unemplyment. “We have seen ther big technlgical events in ur histry, and thse didn’t lead t a large rise in unemplyment. Technlgy destrys but als creates. There will be new jbs that cme abut,” he said.
Erik Brynjlfssn f Stanfrd University, Danielle Li and Lindsey Raymnd f MIT studied 5,200 custmer-supprt agents at a large cmpany. The researchers fund that thse wh used the chatbt were 14 percent mre prductive than wrkers wh did nt use the chatbt. The wrkers wh used AI tk mre calls and cmpleted them faster.
Hwever, the fear that AI is a threat t sme kinds f jbs has a basis in reality. Suumit Shah is an Indian business wner wh annunced last year that he had replaced 90 percent f his custmer-supprt wrkers with a chatbt named Lina. Shah’s cmpany, Dukaan, helps custmers set up e-cmmerce sites t sell gds nline. Shah said the average amunt f time it tk t answer a custmer’s questin shrank frm 1 minute and 44 secnds t “instant”. The chatbt als cut the time needed t reslve prblems frm mre than tw hurs t just ver three minutes.
9．What des the underlined wrd “eliminate” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Bring abut.B．Turn ut.C．Fit in with.D．Get rid f.
10．What’s Bunker’s attitude t AI like chatbts?
A．Cnfused.B．Amazed.C．Acceptable.D．Cncerned.
11．What des the study in paragraph 3 tell us?
A．Chatbts make wrkers mre efficient.
B．AI is a big threat t sme kinds f jbs.
C．Chatbts will destry lts f human jbs.
D．AI is much mre prductive than humans.
12．Hw des the authr rganize the text?
A．By giving examples.B．By making cmparisns.
C．By ffering suggestins.D．By listing research results.
D
Years after my art histry class, I am insufferable at museums. “That’s definitely a Matisse,” I say. “Yu can telI because f the brushwrk and the use f clur.” Smetimes it is nt a Matisse but ftentimes it is.
It is unsettling t learn, then, that fr all f my carefully wn art appreciatin, I am in danger f being surpassed by an insect. In a recent study, hneybees — whse brains are the size f grass seeds — were shwn Picasss and Mnets paired side by side. Belw the prints were tw small cntainers, ne cntaining sugar water and the ther nthing at all.
Which t enter? Bees culdn’t see r smell whether a given cntainer held the treat until they’d already flwn inside it. But they culd let the masterpieces guide them: fr sme bees, the reward was always under the Picass, while fr the rest it was under the Mnet. Over the curse f many trials, the bees learned t fly straight fr the crrect cntainer. Indeed, they even perfrmed slightly better than chance when faced with pairs f paintings they’d never seen befre. The bees had learned t discriminate, hwever mdestly, between the tw artists’ styles.
T be sure, humans still have the edge. Last year a team f researchers led by Liane Gabra fund that art students were perfectly capable f identifying which well-knwn artist was behind which unknwn painting. Creative writing students were similarly excellent at sptting little-read passages by Hemingway r Dickens — a skill I can nly assume n hneybee has yet demnstrated.
Even mre impressively, thugh, the students culd recgnize as-yet-unseen samples f each ther’s wrk, including wrk in entirely different mediums. Creative writers culd identify their fellw writers’ paintings and sketches; painters had a pretty gd idea wh’d brught which pem r clay pt.
It’s clear what the bees were ding: picking up and categrizing cmplex visual patterns in the pairs f images. But recgnizing differences acrss mediums is altgether different. Whether we’re writing pems r building sculptures, Gabra argues, we’re ding s with the same mind: ne that structures infrmatin in the same way, has been shaped by the same experiences, and lngs t express the same ideas. Naturally, ur techniques and preccupatins in ne dmain shuld “ut” us in anther.
But still I wnder: Just what abut these techniques and preccupatins did the trick? The researchers did their best t keep subject matter frm ruling the day by instructing, fr instance, artists wh happened t be surfers nt t bring in art that depicted (描绘) surfing. But what f less bvius subject matter — like Western landscapes? And what f the bsessins that cme int ur wrk unawares? A crrelatinal study like this ne will nt answer these questins.
Perhaps my biggest questin has t d with peple wh dn’t identify as artists, and haven’t settled — r at least wuld claim s-n a persnal style. Are their creatins als a reflectin f their wrldview? It seems likely that, at least t sme extent, bad art is all alike, while nly gd art is gd in its wn way.
13．Why des the authr mentin bees?
A．T present an example.B．T put frward a thery.
C．T draw ut a cmparisn.D．T highlight a research finding.
14．Why des the authr think humans still have the edge?
A．Because we can transfer ur experiences.
B．Because we can discriminate styles.
C．Because we can categrize patterns.
D．Because we can learn frm trials.
15．What des the underlined wrd “ut” in Paragraph 6 prbably mean?
A．Assist.B．Trick.C．Beat.D．Expse.
16．What might be the best title fr the passage?
A．Will Bees Beat Humans?
B．Hw Will Yu View a View?
C．Why Gd Art Wrks Wnders?
D．What Makes Hemingway Hemingway?
E
Scientists frm Argentina are wrking t understand mre abut micrrganisms (微生物) fund in Antarctica that may be able t help clean up pllutants like plastic and diesel (柴油) fuel, anticipating the study results culd be useful fr wider envirnmental issues.
Scientists have a reasn fr wanting t reduce pllutin in Antarctica. The cntinent is prtected by a rule that says it can be used fr research nly if it is left in gd cnditin. The scientists fund that the micrrganisms can digest the waste created by diesel fuel, which is a cmmn surce f heat and electricity at research bases in Antarctica.
Dr Lucas Rubert is a bichemist wrking n the study. He and ther scientists went t the Carlini research base in December. The team carried ut tasks related t biremediatin — returning smething t it’s natural state. They cleaned sil affected by diesel fuel by using native micrrganisms and plants.
The scientists fund that the prcess, which can be used during Antaretica’s warm seasn, remved up t 80 percent f pllutants in the sil. Rubert said the team used micrrganisms by adding nitrgen (氮), wetness and airflw t imprve sil cnditins. “Basically, with that, we get the micrrganisms t bilgically reduce, with a very lw envirnmental impact, the level f pllutants,” Rubert tld reprters.
The scientists are nw lking int whether the micrrganisms native t Antarctica can eat plastic waste. They are cllecting pieces f plastic frm Antarctic waters and lking t see if the micrrganisms are degrading (分解) the plastic. Nathalie Bernard, a scientist in the team, is an expert in plastic bidegradatin. She said, “If we find that it is indeed degrading plastic, the next step will be t understand hw it des that.” “The lng-term gal,” she added, “is t create a prcess in which micrrganisms can help clean up plastic and fuel pllutin in ther parts f the wrld.”
17．Why d scientists have t reduce pllutin in Antarctica?
A．Mre micrrganisms are fund there.
B．It can help slve many envirnmental prblems.
C．There is t much waste there created by diesel fuel.
D．They shuld fllw the rule in rder t d research there.
18．What d we knw abut the scientists’ research?
A．Their research has n impact n the envirnment.
B．They used freign micrrganisms and plants t clean sil.
C．They culd remve ver half f pllutants in sil in Antarctica’s warm seasn.
D．They have already imprved water cnditin greatly by using micrrganisms.
19．What will the team d first in the future?
A．D mre research in ther parts f the wrld.
B．Master hw micrrganisms break dwn the plastic.
C．Clean up all the plastic and fuel pllutin in the wrld.
D．Find ut whether micrrganisms can degrade the plastic.
20．What is the authr’s purpse f writing the passage?
A．T discuss.B．T infrm.C．T educate.D．T entertain.
概率预测
☆☆☆☆☆
题型预测
阅读理解——主旨大意+推理判断+细节理解+词义猜测
考向预测
主旨大意+推理判断+细节理解+词义猜测
☆☆☆☆☆
关键词法
反复出现的词语，多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词
主题句法
根据文章主题句，确定中心词充当标题
串联法
分析文章细节，确定共同点，如同穿珠般，串联细节共同点，确定标题
逆向法
根据四个选项，考虑其可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳选项
转折词
如but，hwever，in fact，actually等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点。
总结词
如therefre，thus，in shrt，cnclude 等，其后的内容往往是文章的主题。
疑问句
若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。
同义替换
对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，最终成为正确选项
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化
把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
信息归纳
具有概括性，用精练的语言概括原文中分散的或复杂的信息，考查考生的概括和归纳能力
改变词性或语态
改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。
特殊句式
使用特殊句式如虚拟语气、倒装句、双重否定等增加句子理解难度。