湖南省长沙市明德中学2024-2025学年高一下学期阶段性测试一英语试卷（Word版附解析）

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英语试卷
2025年2月
时量：120分钟 满分：150分
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3. 非选择题的作答：用黑色墨水的签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4. 考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
1. What is the man ging t buy?
A. A ntebk. B. A pen. C. A card.
2. Hw lng has the wman’s TV been used?
A. Fr 10 years. B. Fr 15 years. C. Fr 20 years.
3. What is the man asking the wman t d?
A. Lead a team. B. Trust herself. C. Find supprt fr a new prject.
4. What is the prblem with the wman’s ffice?
A. It is t ht. B. It is t small. C. It is t far away.
5. Where des that wman plan t g this weekend?
A. T an art museum. B. T a new twn. C. T a restaurant.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A. Brther and sister. B. Father and daughter. C. Shp assistant and custmer.
7. What will Jane d next?
A. Play ftball. B. Buy sme pens. C. Take ut the trash.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What is the wman ding hw?
A. Studying fr an exam. B. Writing an essay. C. Playing music.
9. What prblem des the wman have at hme?
A. Her music player desn’t wrk.
B. Her bedrm is t small.
C. Her brthers are nisy.
10. Where des the cnversatin take place?
A. In a classrm. B. In a library. C. In the man’s hme.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What is the main tpic f the cnversatin?
A. Car accidents. B. Human drivers. C. Driverless cars.
12. Hw des the wman knw f the cars causing accidents?
A. Frm the news. B. Frm the man. C. Frm a driver.
13. What wuld the wman prefer?
A. A human driver. B. A mdern rbt. C. A tested car.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. Hw des the wman feel abut Christmas?
A. Excited. B. Anxius. C. Bred.
15. Hw much des the man spend n each persn?
A. $20. B. $80. C. $100.
16. What will the wman prbably d next?
A. Talk with her family. B. Bk a hliday abrad. C. Play ftball with friends.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Wh is the speaker?
A. An ffice wrker. B. A tur guide. C. A teacher.
18. What event is the speaker giving his speech at?
A. A retirement party. B. A high schl graduatin. C. A cmpany welcme party.
19. What des the speaker prbably think is imprtant t success?
A. Ding part-time wrk. B. Ging t university. C. Keeping learning.
20. What advice des the speaker give?
A. Starting a career early. B. Seeing the wrld. C. Getting a university degree.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15个小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
SCANDINAVIAN STARTUPS
Kaht!
The game-based learning platfrm is used in half f US schls, ffering sme 60 millin cmpetitins. The idea is t make learning “great and fun,” says, the cmpany’s CEO. Last year, Kaht! had mre than ne billin players wrldwide.
Funded:2013
XPLORA
XPLORA funder Sten Kirkbak nearly lst his sn Filip, at a shpping centre nine years ag, s he built a device that makes it pssible fr parents t knw where their children are at all times. It is a bit like a speakerphne with a camera, but fr ld peple it als tells the wearer when t take medicines.
Funded:2016
reMarkable
A black-and-white e-paper device made fr ntetaking, users write n the reMarkable, and text recgnitin sftware changes it int type. “We neither have many meetings, nr d much talking,” says funder Magnus Wanberg.
Funded:2016
N Islatin
This startup, funded by Karen Dlva, Marius Aabel, and Matias Dyle, hpes t help scially islated (孤立的) peple — its first prduct was a small rbt called AVl, which acts as the eyes and vice f a child frced t stay at hme r in hspital. Mre than 850 AVls are in use in 13 cuntries; 160 at ver 100 UK schls. N Islatin’s latest device is KOMP. Made fr ld peple, it enables simple vide calls and messaging.
Funded:2016
1. Which f the fllwing startups cnnects learning with games?
A. N Islatin.B. reMarkable.C. XPLORA.D. Kaht!
2. What gave Sten Kirkbak the idea fr his device?
A The experience f nearly lsing his sn.B. The grwing number f lnely kids.
C. The need t keep the ld safe.D. The special needs f the ld.
3. What can we knw abut N Islatin?
A. It was funded earlier than the ther three.B. It was started by mre than ne persn.
C. It prvides services fr teens nly.D. It is mainly used in the UK.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个斯堪的纳维亚的创业公司。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由Kaht!部分中“The game-based learning platfrm is used in half f US schls, ffering sme 60 millin cmpetitins.(这个基于游戏的学习平台被美国一半的学校使用，提供了大约6000万场比赛)”可知，Kaht!是一家以游戏为基础的学习平台。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由XPLORA部分中“XPLORA funder Sten Kirkbak nearly lst his sn Filip, at a shpping centre nine years ag, s he built a device that makes it pssible fr parents t knw where their children are at all times.(XPLORA的创始人Sten Kirkbak九年前在一个购物中心差点失去了他的儿子Filip，所以他发明了一种设备，可以让父母随时知道他们的孩子在哪里)”可知，儿子差点走失的经历使得Sten Kirkbak萌生了设计一款让父母知道孩子所在地设备的想法。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由N Islatin部分中“This startup, funded by Karen Dlva, Marius Aabel, and Matias Dyle, hpes t help scially islated peple(这家初创公司由Karen Dlva、Marius Aabel和Matias Dyle创立，希望帮助社会孤立的人)”可知，N Islatin是由Karen Dlva，Marius Aabel和Matias Dyle共同创立的一家公司。故选B。
B
The first time my daughter, Maia, realized I was leaving n a trip withut her, she was alarmed. “Why did yu even have me if yu were just ging t leave me behind? ” she sbbed. I tried t tell her that smeday she’d understand the appeal f travel. But as my husband, Evan, pulled her ff my leg s I culd leave, I wndered if my sl trips wuld be wrth the effrt f ging withut her.
Returning hme after a few days away, I felt energized and inspired. Maia was happy t hear abut my trip. But this was the age f learning abut cmprmises. As in: “Yu have t wear a cat, but we’ll cmprmise and yu can chse which ne.” She tld me I culd keep ging n trips fr wrk — but we’d cmprmise: she’d cme with me.
When she was six, we flew t the Riviera Maya in Mexic. I was impressed by hw cheerfully fearless she was when we swam in centes (天然井) r dived alng a reef. In Fiji, nine-year-ld Maia was attracted by the cmpassinate (有同情心的) wmen chiefs we met and decided she wanted t becme a leader. During a trip t Sri Lanka when she was 13, she learned hw the cin flip f yur birth cuntry can affect yur pprtunities in life.
When we finished up ur travels and returned hme t Vancuver fr her high schl educatin, it shuldn’t have cme as a surprise t learn that ur daughter had ther ideas. Maia was thrilled when, after mnths f interviews, she was awarded a place t finish high schl at Waterfrd Kamhlaba United Wrld Cllege f Suthern Africa.
But it was during that first airprt gdbye that I realized it was my turn t be left behind. Cmpared t the gfy 17-year-ld I’d bid gdbye t, the 21-year-ld wman wh came hme frm high schl in Africa and, later, frm university in France, seemed mature and unfamiliar.
4. Hw did Maia feel the first time she realized her mm was leaving n a trip withut her?
A. Sad.B. Amazed.C. Cnfused.D. Excited.
5. What des the authr want t tell in paragraph 3?
A Maia’s jy f travel.B. Maia’s travel experiences.
C. Maia’s impressin n travel.D. Maia’s bravery during her travels.
6. What did Maria d fr high schl educatin after returning hme t Vancuver?
A. Maia finished high schl in Vancuver.B. Maia gt an award in high schl.
C. Maia applied fr a schl in Africa.D. Maia went n travelling in Suthern Africa.
7 What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Travel shapes a persn.B. Life is like a jurney.
C. All rads lead t Rme.D. Parents are the best teachers.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位母亲与女儿Maia之间因旅行而产生的成长故事。起初，Maia对母亲独自出行感到不解和伤心，但后来母女俩开始共同旅行，这些经历激发了Maia的勇气、领导欲和对全球视角的理解。随着Maia长大，她选择去非洲完成高中学业，这段经历使她变得更加成熟独立，让母亲意识到角色转换，现在轮到她送别自己的孩子。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段中的“The first time my daughter, Maia, realized I was leaving n a trip withut her, she was alarmed. “Why did yu even have me if yu were just ging t leave me behind? ” she sbbed. (当我的女儿Maia第一次意识到我要去旅行而没有带她时，她吓坏了。‘既然你要把我扔下，为什么还要生我呢？’她抽泣着说。)”可知，Maia第一次意识到她的妈妈要不带她出去旅行时，她感到伤心。故选A项。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第三段中“When she was six, we flew t the Riviera Maya in Mexic. (当她六岁的时候，我们飞往墨西哥的里维埃拉玛雅。)”和“ In Fiji, nine-year-ld Maia was attracted by the cmpassinate (有同情心的) wmen chiefs we met and decided she wanted t becme a leader. During a trip t Sri Lanka when she was 13, she learned hw the cin flip f yur birth cuntry can affect yur pprtunities in life. (在斐济，九岁的Maia被我们遇到的富有同情心的女酋长所吸引，决定成为一名领导者。在她13岁时的一次斯里兰卡之行中，她了解了出生国的硬币翻转如何影响你的生活机会。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了Maia的旅行经历。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第四段中“When we finished up ur travels and returned hme t Vancuver fr her high schl educatin, it shuldn’t have cme as a surprise t learn that ur daughter had ther ideas. Maia was thrilled when, after mnths f interviews, she was awarded a place t finish high schl at Waterfrd Kamhlaba United Wrld Cllege f Suthern Africa. (当我们结束旅行回到温哥华让她接受高中教育时，得知我们的女儿有其他想法并不令人惊讶。经过几个月的面试，Maia获得了在南部非洲Waterfrd Kamhlaba联合世界学院完成高中学业的机会，她非常激动。)”可知，Maia回到温哥华的家中接受高中教育时，经过面试，Maia获得了在南部非洲Waterfrd Kamhlaba联合世界学院完成高中学业的机会。因此，Maia回到温哥华后，申请了在非洲的一所学校。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段中的“I tried t tell her that smeday she’d understand the appeal f travel. (我试着告诉她，总有一天她会明白旅行的吸引力。) ”和第三段“When she was six, we flew t the Riviera Maya in Mexic. I was impressed by hw cheerfully fearless she was when we swam in centes (天然井) r dived alng a reef. In Fiji, nine-year-ld Maia was attracted by the cmpassinate (有同情心的) wmen chiefs we met and decided she wanted t becme a leader. During a trip t Sri Lanka when she was 13, she learned hw the cin flip f yur birth cuntry can affect yur pprtunities in life.(她六岁时，我们飞往墨西哥的里维埃拉玛雅。当我们在天然井里游泳或沿着暗礁潜水时，她是多么快乐无畏，给我留下了深刻的印象。在斐济，9岁的Maia被我们遇到的富有同情心的女酋长所吸引，她决定成为一名领袖。13岁时，她去斯里兰卡旅行，了解到出生国的命运如何影响你一生中的机遇。)”可知，文章旅描述了旅行如何影响和塑造了Maia的性格和人生观，表达了旅行对一个人的塑造作用。故选A项。
C
In a stimulating interview with the philspher Daniel Dennett in Living n Earth, Dannet shared that Charles Darwin and Alan Turing might make the same discvery. Darwin shwed hw yu can get the appearance f purpse and design ut f blind prcesses f natural selectin. And Turing said that any cmputable prblem can be cmputed by a machine withut understanding.
The hst then viced a cncern: as Al advances, machines will cme t lrd ver us. Dennett acknwledges there’s a takever risk but claims it’s misunderstd. The risk is nt that machines will becme autnmus rulers but that we will depend t much n machines.
The main issue with AI is nt intelligence but autnmy. At the end f the day, even the smartest cmputers are ur tls, and their intentins are urs. Or, t the extent that we can speak f their intentins at all. The intentin f a self-driving car t avid an bstacle, fr example, is what it’s designed fr.
Our grwing dependence n technlgies desn’t mean we are lsing ur natural autnmy in quite this sense. Our needs remain. But it is a lss f autnmy. Even aut mechanics these days rely n cmputers and, in the era f self-driving cars, will any f us still knw hw t drive? Think what wuld happen if we lst electricity? We’d be thrwn back int the 19th century, as Dennett says. But things wuld be wrse as we lack knw-hw that made it pssible fr ur ancestrs t live well in the lden days.
The truth is, we’ve been technlgical since ur dawn as a species. We first fund urselves in the archaelgical recrd where we saw a great expsitin f tls, technlgies, art-making and language. In a sense, being human means being like a cybrg, which is a technlgical extensin f ur natural selves. This suggests that at any time in ur develpment, a large-scale breakdwn in the technlgical system wuld spell nt exactly ur dm, but ur cmplete rerganizatin.
Perhaps what makes ur current dilemma unprecedented (史无前例的) is the fact that we are s clsely netwrked. When the library f Alexandria burned dwn, bks and knwledge were lst. But in a wrld where libraries are replaced by their nline versins, it isn’t unimaginable that every library culd be sinply deleted.
What happens t us then?
8. Which f the fllwing statements might Dennet mst likely agree with?
A. AI might be verly relied n.
B. AI desn’t have cmprehensin.
C. AI’s develpment is bunded.
D. AI’s evlutin resembles natural selectin.
9. Which f the fllwing examples best matches the idea f “knw-hw” in paragraph 4?
A. A schlar studies the thery f natural selectin.
B. A nbleman hires servants t d all the husewrk.
C. A farmer builds a table by hand using traditinal tls.
D. A wrker perates a machine fllwing preset instructins.
10. Why did the authr mentin libraries in paragraph 6?
A. T shw the technlgical stability.
B. T prve the technlgical safeguard.
C. T emphasize the technlgical weakness.
D. T illustrate the technlgical transfrmatin.
11. What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Is the Cncern Artificial Intelligence r Autnmy?
B. Hw will Technlgy Breakdwn Change Our Lives?
C. Will Artificial Autnmy Threaten Humanity’s Existence?
D. Hw des the Human-Technlgy Relatinship Develp?
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了AI和人类自主性的关系、人类对技术的依赖、人类的技术本质以及当前网络化社会面临的特殊困境。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Dennett acknwledges there’s a takever risk but claims it’s misunderstd. The risk is nt that machines will becme autnmus rulers but that we will depend t much n machines.(Dennett承认存在被取代的风险，但他认为这种风险被误解了。风险不在于机器会成为自主统治者，而在于我们会过度依赖机器。)”可知，Dennet最有可能同意的说法是人工智能可能会被过度依赖。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Think what wuld happen if we lst electricity? We’d be thrwn back int the 19th century, as Dennett says. But things wuld be wrse as we lack knw-hw that made it pssible fr ur ancestrs t live well in the lden days.(想想如果我们断电会发生什么？正如丹尼特所说，我们会被抛回19世纪。但事情会变得更糟，因为我们缺乏使我们的祖先在过去的日子里生活得很好的技术。)”可知，“knw-hw”的技术是使我们的祖先在过去的日子里生活得很好的技术，符合“knw-hw”的概念的是一位农民用传统工具手工制作一张桌子。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Perhaps what makes ur current dilemma unprecedented (史无前例的) is the fact that we are s clsely netwrked.(也许我们目前的困境之所以前所未有，是因为我们是如此紧密地联系在一起。)”和“But in a wrld where libraries are replaced by their nline versins, it isn’t unimaginable that every library culd be sinply deleted.(但在一个图书馆被其在线版本所取代的世界里，想象一下，所有的图书馆都可能被轻易删除，这并不是不可想象的。)”可知，作者在第6段提到图书馆是为了强调技术上的弱点。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“The hst then viced a cncern: as Al advances, machines will cme t lrd ver us.(主持人随后表达了担忧：随着人工智能的发展，机器将主宰我们。)”和第三段“The main issue with AI is nt intelligence but autnmy.(人工智能的主要问题不是智能，而是自主性。)”可知，本文主要探讨了AI和人类自主性的关系、人类对技术的依赖、人类的技术本质以及当前网络化社会面临的特殊困境，因此最好的题目是A选项“Is the Cncern Artificial Intelligence r Autnmy?(人们担忧的是人工智能还是自主性？)”。故选A。
D
This past summer, hundreds f fish in Canada beat the heat in human- made plumes (一股) f cld water. The apprach culd help prtect cld-water species as climate change warms rivers.
Fish can becme stressed r even die when the water gets t ht. In rivers, Atlantic salmn and ther cld-water species smetimes escape the heat by flcking t cler znes. Such chill sites may be fund near grundwater springs r small rivers and streams flwing int larger waterways.
“Peple have dne a lt t preserve and add t these natural shelters,” said Kathryn Smith, a civil engineer in Canada at Dalhusie University in Halifax, Nva Sctia. Her team wrks n the new river-chilling prject. Until nw, she says, “There hasn’t really been an emphasis if we can create cld-water habitat.”
T test the idea, her team pumped (抽送) grundwater frm a nearby well int the Wrights River in Nva Sctia. The grundwater was 9℃. This created an artificial plume f cl water. It was up t 20℃ cler than the surrunding water.
This plume attracted several hundred fish f different life stages and species. These included Atlantic salmn, mst f which were very yung. These small yung fish hung ut in the plume thrughut the test. But when a heat wave raised river temperatures t abut 30℃, lder fish tk shelter in the plume, t.
The team als tried a secnd apprach. They reruted sme water frm the river int an undergrund trench (沟渠). Here, the water cled a bit befre flwing back int the river. This methd cled part f the river withut needing a pump. The water temperature fell by nly a few degrees Celsius this way. But even s, fish were sptted in the cled flw thrughut the summer.
Thugh small, these early tests shw a “prf f cncept”. That means the appraches shw prmise but they aren’t yet ready fr wide use. “Mre wrk lies ahead t decide the needed number f cling site s t really help fish cmmunities,” says Kathryn Smith.
12. What des the underlined wrd “chill” in paragraph 2 mean?
A Rugh.B. Secret.C. Distant.D. Cld.
13. What is the purpse f Smith’s team’s prject?
A. T create cld- water species’ habitat.B. T learn mre abut Atlantic waters.
C. T ffer infrmatin abut climate change.D. T prtect the envirnment arund Atlantic.
14. What des Smith’s team’s prject tell us?
A. The first apprach is much mre practical.B. Pumping cld water culd help fish beat the heat.
C. The artificial plume fails t attract big fish.D. The water temperature f the plume is higher.
15. What shuld Smith’s team figure ut in the future?
A. Hw t help fish avid attack.B. When t make wide use f the appraches.
C. Hw many cling sites are needed.D. Why t make the appraches understandable.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加拿大科学家通过人工制造冷水流来保护冷水鱼种，以应对气候变化导致的河流升温问题。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“Fish can becme stressed r even die when the water gets t ht. In rivers, Atlantic salmn and ther cld-water species smetimes escape the heat by flcking t cler znes. Such chill sites may be fund near grundwater springs r small rivers and streams flwing int larger waterways.(当水太热时，鱼会感到压力甚至死亡。在河流中，大西洋鲑鱼和其他冷水物种有时会聚集到较冷的地区来躲避高温。这种chill的地点可能在地下水泉或流入较大水道的小河和小溪附近发现。)”可知，chill在此处表示“寒冷的”，chill sites指代前文提到的cler znes。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Her team wrks n the new river-chilling prject. Until nw, she says, “There hasn’t really been an emphasis if we can create cld-water habitat.”(她的团队正在进行新的河流冷却项目。她说，到目前为止，还没有真正强调我们是否可以创造冷水栖息地。)”可知，Smith团队的项目的目的是创造冷水物种的栖息地，故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“T test the idea, her team pumped (抽送) grundwater frm a nearby well int the Wrights River in Nva Sctia. This created an artificial plume f cl water. It was up t 20℃ cler than the surrunding water. This plume attracted several hundred fish f different life stages and species.(为了验证这个想法，她的团队从新斯科舍省的赖特河附近的一口井抽取地下水。这创造了一股人工冷水流。它比周围的水温低20℃。这股水流吸引了数百条不同生命阶段和种类的鱼。)”可知，Smith团队的项目告诉我们抽送冷水可以帮助鱼类避暑，故选B。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““Mre wrk lies ahead t decide the needed number f cling sites t really help fish cmmunities,” says Kathryn Smith.(Kathryn Smith说，未来还有更多的工作要做，以确定真正帮助鱼类群体所需的冷却地点数量。)”可知，Smith团队未来需要弄清楚需要多少冷却地点，故选C。
第二节(共5个小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Althugh friends can psitively affect yur life, cnflict (冲突) with friends is ften a surce f stress and disappintment. ____16____ Understanding cnflict and develping skills in cnflict reslutin (解决) in a friendship can help yu avid frequent arguments and slve cnflict when it happens.
____17____ Cmmn examples are jealusy, pr cmmunicatin skills, lack f cnsideratin r respect, different principles r utlks n life and ne friend cntributing mre t the relatinship than the ther. Arguments r cnflict may result frm experiencing a bad day r ther issues that have nthing t d with the actual friendship.
The stress that results frm cnflict with a friend can negatively affect yu physically and emtinally. There is evidence that cnflict amng teenage friends can cntribute t failure in schl r criminal behaviur. ____18____
Cmmunicatin and empathy (感同身受) are imprtant in reslving cnflict. Tips fr reslving disagreements are listening t yur friend’s pinins and cncerns, shwing respect fr each ther and aviding emtinal exchanges while attempting t cmmunicate. ____19____ Reslving cnflict can actually bring yu and yur friend clser tgether.
Cnflict will arise frm time t time in any friendship. ____20____ Tips fr develping a healthy relatinship such as aviding cmpetitin, limiting cmplaints, respecting yur friends’ privacy and stpping judging yur friends have been presented by sme experts. Althugh disagreements are bund t happen, try t avid unnecessary cnflict.
A. The teenage years are ften stressful.
B. Hwever, yu can limit its frequency by fllwing sme suggestins.
C. When cnflict arises, think abut whether yu have dne smething wrng.
D. There are varius reasns why cnflict may happen between yu and yur friend.
E. Hw yu reslve cnflict with yur friend influences the quality f the friendship.
F. The abve behaviur shws that yu care abut yur friend and value the friendship.
G. Other side effects f cnflict are anxiety, depressin and lss f the friendship.
【答案】16. E 17. D 18. G 19. F 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了处理朋友之间的冲突的方法。
【16题详解】
下文“Understanding cnflict and develping skills in cnflict reslutin in a friendship can help yu avid frequent arguments and slve cnflict when it happens. (在友谊中理解冲突并培养解决冲突的技巧，可以帮助你避免频繁的争吵，并在冲突发生时解决它)”说明理解并培养解决冲突的技巧会影响友谊，E项“你如何处理与朋友之间的冲突影响友谊的质量。”引出下文，符合题意。故选E。
【17题详解】
下文“Cmmn examples are jealusy, pr cmmunicatin skills, lack f cnsideratin r respect, different principles r utlks n life and ne friend cntributing mre t the relatinship than the ther. (常见的例子有嫉妒、沟通能力差、缺乏考虑或尊重、对生活的不同原则或看法以及一个朋友比另一个对关系的贡献更大)”举例说明与朋友之间产生冲突的原因，D项中的varius reasns是关键词，D项“你和你的朋友之间可能发生冲突的原因有很多。”引出下文，符合题意。故选D。
【18题详解】
上文“There is evidence that cnflict amng teenage friends can cntribute t failure in schl r criminal behaviur. (有证据表明，青少年朋友之间的冲突会导致学业失败或犯罪行为)”说明和朋友发生冲突会带来的不良影响，G项“冲突的其他副作用是焦虑、抑郁和失去友谊。”进一步说明和朋友发生冲突的不良影响，承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
【19题详解】
上文“Tips fr reslving disagreements are listening t yur friend’s pinins and cncerns, shwing respect fr each ther and aviding emtinal exchanges while attempting t cmmunicate.(解决分歧的技巧是倾听朋友的意见和担忧，相互尊重，在尝试沟通时避免情绪交流)”说明解决冲突时可以使用的方法，F项中The abve behaviur指代上文提及的行为，F项“以上行为表明你关心你的朋友，重视友谊。”承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
【20题详解】
上文“Cnflict will arise frm time t time in any friendship.(在任何友谊中，冲突都会不时地出现)”说明友谊中总会不时出现冲突，以及下文“Tips fr develping a healthy relatinship such as aviding cmpetitin, limiting cmplaints, respecting yur friends’ privacy and stpping judging yur friends have been presented by sme experts. (一些专家提出了发展健康关系的建议，如避免竞争、限制投诉、尊重朋友隐私和停止评判朋友)”说明专家给出了一些发展健康关系的建议，B项中sme suggestins是关键词，B项“但是，您可以根据一些建议来限制其频率。”承上启下，符合题意。故选B。
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every year, high schl students aged 15-19 frm all arund the wrld make a huge decisin. They ___21___ their hme and g t anther cuntry t study fr up t a year. An exchange year is knwn as a time when new experiences ___22___ students abut a different way f life. Smetimes there will be ___23___ and bad mments, but thse are the mments when the students ___24___ the mst.
“An exchange year isn’t a year in yur life; it’s a life in a year,” said Isabela Seixas, an 18-year-ld exchange student frm Brazil.
Seixas has been living in Saint Jseph this year. Her year didn’t start ___25___ the way she was hping. Seixas had truble making friends and she culdn’t ___26___ with her hst family.
“I had the wrst and the best time here. The beginning was terrible. I didn’t pen up and n ne talked t me. I was even ___27___ t g hme befre the year ended,” Seixas said.
When the year 2020 started, Seixas ___28___ her hst family and gave the U. S. ne mre chance. She als changed her ___29___. Nw she has a great relatinship with her hst parents and has a lt f friends. She’s ___30___ her time.
“I lve all the seasns, watching the changes and the changes in me. I learned that it’s imprtant t talk t peple and start building cnnectins with them. I’m glad that I ___31___ my cmfrt zne,” said Seixas.
Exchange students grw a lt during their exchange year and they see the wrld in a ___32___ way. They will have difficulties they need t ___33___ by themselves but they will g back t their hme mre mature and ___34___.
“Yu will have bad days, but if yu pen yur mind t new experiences and share yur ___35___ with peple, yu will have the best time f yur life,” said Seixas.
21. A. leaveB. prtectC. missD. find
22. A. warnB. remindC. trainD. educate
23. A. pprtunitiesB. difficultiesC. jurneysD. methds
24. A. understandB. avidC. grwD. care
25. A. exactlyB. extremelyC. pssiblyD. accurately
26. A. shareB. exerciseC. cnnectD. stay
27. A. readyB. excitedC. angryD. afraid
28. A. missedB. changedC. cmfrtedD. thanked
29. A. dreamB. lkC. planD. attitude
30. A. spendingB. killingC. wastingD. enjying
31. A. slipped ut fB. ran ut fC. stepped ut fD. made way fr
32. A. strictB. newC. fastD. peaceful
33. A. vercmeB. nticeC. preventD. reprt
34. A. familiarB. independentC. intelligentD. humrus
35. A. belngingsB. impressinsC. memriesD. feelings
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了Isabela Seixas离开家乡去另一个国家学习长达一年，一开始不适应想要回家，最后做了一些改变，克服了困难，开始享受时光。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们离开家乡去另一个国家学习长达一年。A. leave离开；B. prtect保护；C. miss错过；D. find找到。根据后文“their hme and g t anther cuntry t study fr up t a year”可知，去另外一个国家学习，需要离开家。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：交换年被认为是一段新的经历教育学生不同的生活方式的时间。A. warn警告；B. remind提醒；C. train训练；D. educate教育。根据后文“students abut a different way f life”可知，去另一个国家可以教育学生不同的生活方式，故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时会有困难和糟糕的时刻，但那些是学生成长最多的时刻。A. pprtunities机会；B. difficulties困难；C. jurneys旅程；D. methds方法。与后文“and bad mments”并列，是在说明遇到的困难和糟糕时刻。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时会有困难和糟糕的时刻，但那些是学生成长最多的时刻。A. understand理解；B. avid避免；C. grw生长；D. care关心。根据上文“and bad mments, but thse are the mments when the students”中but表示转折，说明会有糟糕的时刻，但学生也可以从中成长最多。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她这一年的开始并不完全像她希望的那样。A. exactly恰好；B. extremely非常；C. pssibly可能；D. accurately精确地。根据后文“Seixas had truble making friends”可知，遇到了困难，说明并不完全和希望的一样，exactly符合语境。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：塞克斯在交朋友方面有困难，她无法与寄宿家庭建立联系。A. share分享；B. exercise锻炼；C. cnnect连接；D. stay停留。根据后文“I didn’t pen up and n ne talked t me.(我没有敞开心扉，也没人跟我说话)”可知，指她无法与寄宿家庭建立联系。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我甚至准备在年底前回家，”塞克斯说。A. ready准备好的；B. excited激动的；C. angry生气的；D. afraid害怕的。根据后文“t g hme befre the year ended”可知，她不适应那里的生活，所以准备年底前回家。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当2020年开始时，塞克斯改变了她的寄宿家庭，给了美国又一次机会。A. missed错过；B. changed改变；C. cmfrted安慰；D. thanked感谢。呼应后文“She als changed”指改变了寄宿家庭，故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她也改变了自己的态度。A. dream梦想；B. lk样子；C. plan计划；D. attitude态度。根据后文“Nw she has a great relatinship with her hst parents and has a lt f friends.(现在她和她的寄宿父母关系很好，有很多朋友)”可知，她改变了自己对生活的态度。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在享受她的时光。A. spending花费；B. killing杀死；C. wasting浪费；D. enjying享受。根据后文“I lve all the seasns, watching the changes and the changes in me.(我喜欢所有的季节，看着季节变化和我的变化)”可知，后文的话语说明她在享受她的时光。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很高兴我走出了自己的舒适区。A. slipped ut f溜出；B. ran ut f用完；C. stepped ut f走出；D. made way fr让路。结合上文可知她做了很多改变，改变了寄宿家庭和自己的态度，所以是走出了舒适区。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：交换生在他们的交换年里成长了很多，他们以一种新的方式看待世界。A. strict严格的；B. new新的；C. fast快速的；D. peaceful和平的。上文“Exchange students grw a lt”提到交换生成长了很多，所以如今是新的方式在看待世界。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会有需要自己克服的困难，但他们会更成熟、更独立地回到家里。A. vercme克服；B. ntice注意到；C. prevent阻止；D. reprt报告。根据上文“They will have difficulties they need t”指克服困难，应用动词vercme。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们会有需要自己克服的困难，但他们会更成熟、更独立地回到家里。A. familiar熟悉的；B. independent独立的；C. intelligent聪明的；D. humrus幽默的。上文提到他们会有需要自己克服的困难，所以会变得更加独立。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你会有糟糕的日子，但如果你敞开心扉接受新的体验，并与人分享你的感受，你将度过一生中最美好的时光，”塞克斯说。A. belngings所有物；B. impressins印象；C. memries记忆；D. feelings感觉。根据上文“if yu pen yur mind t new experiences and share yur”可知，敞开心扉意味着和别人分享你的感受。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is just past five ’clck n the Chinese New Year’s Eve, and ____36____ dinner table is already cvered with white china plates and bwls, full f all ____37____ (srt) f dishes: chicken, duck, prk, fish and vegetables. Lu Yan, 29, lifts the cver f a large bwl ____38____ (breath) in the rich smell f the sup his wife and mther have prepared. Lu Yan’s sn, Bfeng, happily ____39____ (take) a bite f the chicken his grandfather has selected fr him.
Six-year-ld Bfeng has nt seen his grandparents fr almst a year, and he is full f jy and ____40____ (excite). Indeed, the whle family culd nt be ____41____ (happy) t be tgether. ____42____ the cld utside, their happy faces fill the air with ____43____ (warm) while merry laughter rings thrughut the huse. Lu Yan and his wife and sn ____44____ (settle) in the big city, far away frm their hmetwn. Every year, they travel back fr the Spring Festival, fr their dream f “three generatins _____45_____ the same rf”.
【答案】36. the
37. srts 38. t breathe
39. takes 40. excitement
41. happier
42. Despite
43. warmth 44. have settled
45. under
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章描述了中国农历除夕，Lu Yan一家人团聚在一起吃年夜饭的温馨场景，还提到了他们虽然在大城市定居但每年都会回家过春节的情况。
【36题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：刚过中国农历除夕的五点，餐桌已经摆满了白色的瓷盘和瓷碗，盛满了各种各样的菜肴：鸡肉、鸭肉、猪肉、鱼和蔬菜。此处的“dinner table”是特指Lu Yan家在除夕时的餐桌，所以要用定冠词the来表示特指。故填the。
【37题详解】
考查名词复数。句意同上。固定短语“all srts f”意为“各种各样的”，srt是可数名词，在这个短语中要用复数形式srts。故填srts。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：29岁的Lu Yan掀开一个大碗的盖子，呼吸着妻子和母亲准备的汤的浓郁香味。此处在句中作状语，表示掀开盖子的目的是呼吸浓郁的香味，应用不定式。故填t breathe。
【39题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：Lu Yan的儿子Bfeng开心地咬了一口爷爷为他挑选的鸡肉。根据上下文语境可知，这里使用一般现在时，且主语“Lu Yan’s sn, Bfeng”是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词take用单数形式takes。故填takes。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：六岁的Bfeng几乎一年没见到他的祖父母了，他满心欢喜和兴奋。and连接并列成分作介词f宾语，应用名词，excite的名词形式是excitement，意为“兴奋”。故填excitement。
【41题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：的确，全家人能团聚在一起再开心不过了。“culd nt be + 比较级”表示“再……不过了”，是一种固定的表达，此处表示全家人在一起非常开心，happy的比较级是happier。故填happier。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：尽管外面很冷，但他们开心的面容让空气中充满了温暖，欢快的笑声在整个房子里回荡。根据语境可知，“the cld utside”和后文之间是让步关系，表示“尽管”用介词despite。句首字母大写，故填Despite。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意同上。介词with后面要接名词作宾语，warm是形容词“温暖的”，其名词形式是warmth，意为“温暖”。故填warmth。
【44题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：Lu Yan和他的妻子、儿子已经在远离家乡的大城市定居下来了。根据语境可知，此处强调动作从过去开始持续到现在，所以要用现在完成时，主语“Lu Yan and his wife and sn”是复数，助动词用have，settle的过去分词是settled。故填have settled。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：每年，他们都会回家过春节，为了他们“三代同堂”的梦想。“under the same rf”是固定短语，意为“在同一屋檐下，一起，同住”，符合“三代同堂”的语境。故填under。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Alex发邮件告诉你，最近他参加汉语书法比赛没有获奖，心情不好，请你给他回信，内容包括：
1. 表示理解并安慰；2. 给予鼓励和建议；3. 表达祝愿。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear Alex,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Alex,
Learning that yu didn’t win the Chinese calligraphy cntest, I understand hw disappinting it can be and please accept my sincere sympathies.
Hwever, yu shuld be prud f yurself fr even participating in such a challenging event. It takes dedicatin t learn a new skill like Chinese calligraphy. Try t find a gd teacher wh can give yu cnstructive feedback and keep practicing.
Every failure is a stepping stne t success. Hpe yu’ll cntinue t pursue yur passin fr Chinese calligraphy and wish yu all the best in yur future endeavrs.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生给英国朋友Alex发邮件，安慰他因参加汉语书法比赛没有获奖而心情不好。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
追求：pursue→chase
比赛：cntest→cmpetitin/game
真诚的：sincere→genuine
建议：feedback→suggestin/prpsal
2.句式拓展：
简单句变复杂句
原句：Hwever, yu shuld be prud f yurself fr even participating in such a challenging event.
拓展句：Hwever, yu shuld be prud f yurself fr even participating in such an event, which is s challenging.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Learning that yu didn’t win the Chinese calligraphy cntest, I understand hw disappinting it can be and please accept my sincere sympathies.(运用了现在分词作状语和hw引导宾语从句。)
【高分句型2】
Try t find a gd teacher wh can give yu cnstructive feedback and keep practicing.(运用了wh引导定语从句。)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It's cmmn fr flks nt t knw anything abut the peple wh deliver their mail, but that certainly desn't apply t these residents in Durang, Clrad. Their mail carrier, Seana Green, makes it a pint t g ut f her way and chat with flks whenever pssible. Althugh she's had this jb fr 15 years, she didn't start the rute where Marilyn Schmidt lives until abut fur r five years ag.
Marilyn, wh recently turned 90-year-ld, is just ne f the many peple that Seana has befriended ver the years. The tw f them lve t chat just abut every ther day. This is made easier by the fact that Seana will park her vehicle, get ut, and deliver mail n ft.
Seana walks thrugh the neighbrhd, and she des mre than just deliver the mail. “I think f them as family,” Seana said. “A lt f them. I really d.” There is an appreciatin between the mail lady and residents. That's why, when she hadn't seen Marilyn in quite sme time, she grew cncerned.
“I didn't see her n Thursday, and I didn't see her n Friday,” Seana recalled. “And when I shwed up n Saturday and she wasn't n the prch (门廊) and the mail was like, just hanging ut f her bx. and I shuted thrugh the screen dr.”
At first, Seana culdn't hear anything cming frm inside the hme. Sn enugh thugh. The quiet sund f Marilyn calling ut fr help became clear. Seana said that her vice sunded weak almst “like a kitten mewing (喵喵叫)”.
注意；
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Seana was s frightened that she rushed int the rm.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tw weeks later, Marilyn was able t celebrate her 90th birthday at the hspital.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Seana was s frightened that she rushed int the rm. Sure enugh, this sweet lady was lying in the kitchen n the flr. It turned ut that she had fallen dwn and had been lying there fr days. Seana was shcked and heart-brken. She called 911 immediately, and Marilyn was quickly taken t hspital. After urgent medical treatment, Marilyn was saved.
The dctr said that she was fund and rescued just in time. Had it been a little later, the ld wman wuld have died.
Tw weeks later, Marilyn was able t celebrate her 90th birthday at the hspital. A chclate ice cream cake and large, clrful birthday ballns were arund her. Naturally, friends like Seana were there t jin in n the celebratin. Peple std arund 90-year-ld Marilyn wh was smiling in a hspital bed, celebrating her birthday. Marilyn said, “I am excited that Seana culd be there t celebrate my birthday. She saved my life and we gt t knw each ther better.” The scene mved her t tears.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了邮递员西安娜在派送邮件时意外发现居民玛丽莲摔倒在家不能动弹，后迅速拨打急救电话，最终通过及时地紧急治疗，玛丽莲成功得救了的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“西安娜非常害怕，她冲进了房间。”可知，第一段可描写西安娜冲进房间后看到情景后立即拨打急救电话的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“两周后，玛丽莲在医院庆祝了她的90岁生日。”可知，第二段可描写西安娜去医院为玛丽莲过生日以及玛丽莲的心理感受。
2.续写线索：西安娜冲进房间——看到眼前情景——拨打急救电话——玛丽莲被救治——西安娜为玛丽莲过生日——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.摔倒：fall dwn/fallen ver/have a fall
②.参加：jin in /take part in
③.使……感动：mved /tuched
情绪类
①.震惊的：shcked / astnished / surprised
②.激动的：excited / agitated/ thrilled
【点睛】[高分句型1]. The dctr said that she was fund and rescued just in time.（运用了连接词that引导的宾语从句。）
[高分句型2]. Peple std arund 90-year-ld Marilyn wh was smiling in a hspital bed, celebrating her birthday.（运用了关系代词wh引导的限制性定语从句。）