题型突破06 完形填空之难点破解（考点讲练）-备战2025年高考英语一轮复习讲义（上海专用）

这是一份题型突破06 完形填空之难点破解（考点讲练）-备战2025年高考英语一轮复习讲义（上海专用），文件包含题型突破06完形填空之难点破解核心考点精讲精练解析版docx、题型突破06完形填空之难点破解核心考点精讲精练原题版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共31页， 欢迎下载使用。

【近年真题考点分布】
完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。上海高考完型主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。其他偶尔有过渡词、介词短语、连词。体裁上以议论文为主，说明文为辅。题材上以思想、文化、商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。
1.动词：动词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。包括动词词组。
2.名词：名词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
3.形容词：形容词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
4.副词：副词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
【思维导图】
【知识梳理】
解题技巧一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择。
首句通常是文章的主题句，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句, 对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。
（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）
Recently, we carried ut an interesting scial experiment. The participants were asked t chse between tw ___31___: thrw a cin t win ne billin dllars if the cin happens t land n heads, r get a 10-millin-dllar cheque withut even thrwing the cin.
解题技巧二：仔细推敲, 注意逻辑关系和过渡词。
做题时,要充分利用上下文,找到适当的逻辑关系。常考逻辑关系有：并列、转折、递进、对比、因果、让步、例证等。分为以下5种关系：
对立关系
包括让步和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语：but, hwever, yet, n the cntrary, by cntrast, unfrtunately, althugh, even thugh, nevertheless, in spite f, regardless f, anyhw, instead f, rather than, nt…but等。
因果关系
常用的标志词和短语有：because, fr, since, as, thus, hence, therefre, s, s…that, such…that, in rder that, cnsequently, accrdingly, due t, thanks t, in respnse t, n accunt f, because f, cnsidering that, seeing that, in that, nw that, as a result, fr this reasn等。
并列关系
常用的标志词和短语有：and, r, neither…nr, either…r, nt nly…but als, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is t say, as well as, the same…as等。
总分关系
常用的标志词和短语有：such as, fr example, fr instance, t illustrate, as an illustratin, t take an example, mre specifically等。
递进关系
常用的标志词和短语有：then, besides, additinally, in additin, furthermre, mrever, what is mre, what’s wrse, even wrse等。
（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）
The bttm line: We can change if we want t. Sme f the slutins t light pllutin— mtin-detecting lights, shielded lights that d nt ______1_(reflect)_____ light upward, artificial light with wavelengths that is similar t natural light—are already within ur grasp, if we just ______2(reach fr)______ them. “We culd just turn it all ff, but I guess we dn’t want t,” said Eklf in a recent interview. “______3______, it’s vital we find a middle way.”
1．A．absrbB．stretchC．transfrmD．reflect
2．A．reach frB．apply tC．lng frD．adapt t
3．A．TherefreB．FurthermreC．HweverD．Instead
解题技巧三：根据上下文逻辑关系，辨析词义。
（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）
Gas lighting is initially used t talk abut what happens in rmantic relatinships. Hwever, many individuals als experience gaslighting at wrk. ___40___, a recent survey has fund that 58% f the respndents said they have experienced gaslighting at wrk.
40．A．By cmparisn B．Wrse stillC．After allD．In fact
解题技巧四：注意同形词或词组的辨析。
（2023·上海松江·统考二模）
Hwever, interpreting animal behavir thrugh human eyes can be ____44____, bserves Marc Hauser, a Harvard psychlgy prfessr and evlutinary bilgist. In the cucumber-grape study, fr example, the mnkeys culd have ____45____ the cucumbers simply because they were annyed that they didn’t get a grape nce they saw it.
44．A．criticalB．pessimisticC．prblematicD．marvellus
45．A．set asideB．thrwn awayC．held ntD．aimed at
解题技巧五: 利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项。
（2023·上海金山·统考二模）
As a matter f fact, science has never been a(n) ___45___ effrt. Isaac Newtn std n the “shulders f giants”; Neil Armstrng’s “ne small step” was a dream realized by hundreds f thusands f engineers and scientists. Science is, and always has been, and repetitive prcess where draw n discveries made by thers t ___(gradually)___ advance the bundaries f human knwledge.
45．A．terrificB．cnstantC．intellectualD．individual
（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）
Enter mind mapping, a ___45___ that shws hw different ideas and facts relate t ne anther. This tw-dimensinal (二维的) ___46___ is designed t help yu infrmatin because its frmat is easy fr yur mind t ___47___.
47．A．rememberB．cnfirmC．drawD．design
解题技巧六：注意固定搭配，常用句型及生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。
（2023·上海虹口·统考二模）
The majrity f America’s 700,000 r s eateries nw ____(distribute)____ by means f a delivery app. Mdern life makes peple rely mre n cnvenience fd, as mre wmen wrk and everybdy is ____44____ time. In ding s, it has als changed ne f Silicn Valley’s mst criticized business mdels.
Restaurants entered the digital wrld tw decades ag when Takeaway.cm in Eurpe and Grubhub in America put menus ____45____.
44．A．friendly tB．experienced inC．shrt fD．respnsible fr
45．A．utsideB．rightC．nlineD．free
解题技巧七：仔细分析长难句，找出主从句等。
（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）
Sme peple try t _____53_____ themselves frm the sng, and it wrks. Yu can try reading a bk, listening t a different sng r even playing an instrument. Others _____54_____ the tune in questin, because it is cmmnly believed that earwrms ccurwhen yu remember nly part f a sng; hearing the entire sng may stp it. Neurlgists (神经学家) pint utthat it’s recmmendable t chew gum t reduce the _____55_____ f an earwrm because jaw mvement interferes with musical memry. Hwever, it’s imprtant t nte that this phenmenn usually lasts less than 24 hurs.
53. A. perceiveB. islateC. distractD. identify
54. A. seek utB. act utC. cast utD. knck ut
55. A. prprtinB. intensityC. integrityD. preference
【上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高三下学期2月适应性练习】
Wh cares if peple assume that the Internet has had mre imprtant influences than the washing machine? Why des it matter that peple are mre impressed by the mst recent 1 changes? It wuld nt matter if these misjudgments were just a matter f peple’s pinins. Hwever, they have real impacts, as they result in 2 use f scarce resurces.
The eager embrace f the ICT (Infrmatin and Cmmunicatin Technlgy) revlutin, represented by the Internet, has made sme rich cuntries wrngly cnclude that making things is s “yesterday” that they shuld try t live n 3 . This belief in “pst-industrial sciety” has led thse cuntries t 4 their manufacturing sectr, with negative cnsequences fr their ecnmies.
Even mre wrryingly, the 5 with the Internet by peple in rich cuntries has mved the internatinal cmmunity t wrry abut the “digital 6 ” between the rich cuntries and the pr cuntries. This has led cmpanies and individuals t dnate mney t develping cuntries t buy cmputer equipment and Internet facilities. The questin, 7 , is whether this is what the develping cuntries need the mst. Perhaps giving mney fr thse less 8 things such as digging wells, extending electricity netwrks and making mre affrdable washing machines wuld have imprved peple’s lives mre than giving every child a laptp cmputer r setting up Internet centers in rural villages. I am nt saying that thse things are necessarily mre imprtant, but these dnrs dn’t seem t give pririty t peple’s 9 needs. Rather, they have rushed int fancy prgrams withut carefully assessing the relative lng-term csts and benefits f 10 uses f their mney.
In yet anther example, an bsessin with the new has led peple t believe that the latest changes in the technlgies f cmmunicatins and transprtatin are s revlutinary that nw we live in a “brderless wrld”. 11 , in the last twenty years r s, many peple have cme t believe that whatever change is happening tday is the result f great technlgical prgress, ging against which will be like trying t turn the clck back. Believing in such a wrld, many gvernments have 12 sme f the very necessary regulatins n crss-brder flws f capital, labr and gds, with pr results.
Understanding technlgical trends is very imprtant fr 13 designing ecnmic plicies, bth at the natinal and the internatinal levels, and fr making the right career chices at the 14 level. Hwever, ur blind faith in the latest, and ur 15 f what has already becme cmmn, can, and has, led us in all srts f wrng directins.
1．A．culturalB．pliticalC．educatinalD．technlgical
2．A．misguidedB．illegalC．inefficientD．dissatisfying
3．A．practicesB．risksC．refrmsD．ideas
4．A．emphasizeB．neglectC．mnitrD．prmte
5．A．familiarityB．invlvementC．fascinatinD．identificatin
6．A．cnflictB．divideC．cntactD．balance
7．A．therefreB．therwiseC．hweverD．furthermre
8．A．fashinableB．expensiveC．recgnizableD．accessible
9．A．medicalB．basicC．ecnmicD．technical
10．A．creativeB．abnrmalC．alternativeD．inapprpriate
11．A．Fr exampleB．As a resultC．On the cntraryD．In the meantime
12．A．put an end tB．put up withC．cme up withD．cme dwn t
13．A．cnstantlyB．activelyC．crrectlyD．adequately
14．A．privateB．individualC．financialD．universal
15．A．generalizatinB．evaluatinC．verstatementD．underestimatin

【上海市2022-2023学年高三下学期“六校联合教研”质量调研英语试卷】
The number f the best
Hw big shuld a business team be? It is an enrmusly imprtant issue fr cmpanies. Teams that are t small may ____21____ the skills required t get the jb dne; teams that are t big may be impssible t c-rdinate.
Similar trade-ffs may apply when it cmes t firms as a whle. Start-ups are ften shrt f staff. The funders must play a hst f different ____22____, frm btaining finance t prduct develpment and marketing, fr which they may nt be equally suited. But the ____23____ is that they can have highly cllabrative wrking envirnments.
Peple wh have wrked fr start-ups say the culture changes when the cmpany reaches a certain ____24____. Patty McCrd, frmerly f Netflix, referred t the “stand-n-a-chair number”—the biggest grup that can easily hear the bss ____25____ them.
Rbin Dunbar, an anthrplgist (人类学家) at Oxfrd University, has dne a lt f wrk n primate grups. His argument is that the size f the grup is linked t the size f the brain. With their large brains, humans can cpe with larger bands. A larger scial grup has many advantages, ____26____ greater prtectin and specialisatin.
Whereas 150 is smetimes referred t as the “Dunbar number”, the academic himself in fact refers t a range f ____27____. He bserves that humans tend t have five intimate friends, 15 r s gd friends, arund 50 scial friends and 150-dd acquaintances.
Running a larger netwrk can be difficult. S much time is needed t maintain relatinships that their quality inevitably ____28____. The armed frces have spent millennia experimenting with unit size. A Rman centurin (百人队长) versaw 100. The mdern American army cmpany has 180 members. Britain’s equivalent numbers 120.
These are rugh estimates, rather than rigid figures. But it is striking that many grup activities seem t be ____29____ a Dunbar number. The Special Air Service, Britain’s elite fighting unit, has fur-man patrls; when yur life depends n it, yu need t have abslute ______30______ in yur clleagues. As a result, such grups are limited in size.
Sprts-team sizes ______31______ the playing area. There are five players in a basketball side and six in ice hckey; utdrs there are 11 players in ftball and cricket teams, and 7-15 in the varius frms f rugby. Perhaps this is the ptimal size fr caching purpses, r perhaps crwds wuld ______32______ t distinguish individual players if teams were larger.
Small wrk teams may als tend twards these tw size ranges. “If yu want a cmmittee t ______33______ smething, limit it t fur t five peple,” says Mr Dunbar. “But t brainstrm in a meeting, yu need 12-15.” Many cmpanies use “agile” teams which draw emplyees frm acrss the cmpany; they tend t have between five and nine members.
The mdern cmpany may settle n a ______34______ with a small grup f “cre” wrkers and a larger grup f cntract wrkers. The result may be mre ______35______ within the cre staff but the nn-cre staff may be less well treated. The small cre teams may wrk effectively. The big questin will be the effect n mrale f thse utside thse teams.
21. A. demandB. lackC. cultivateD. sharpen
22. A. rlesB. gamesC. cardsD. missins
23. A. truthB. pintC. upsideD. gal
24. A. heightB. levelC. sizeD. degree
25. A. phneB. cntactC. criticizeD. address
26. A. calling frB. allwing frC. hping frD. paying fr
27. A. recrdsB. netwrksC. circlesD. figures
28. A. suffersB. thrivesC. deniedD. functins
29. A. similar withB. clse tC. interested inD. equal t
30. A. trustB. willC. rightD. advance
31. A. result inB. relate tC. arise frmD. cntribute t
32. A. rushB. cmpeteC. struggleD. refuse
33. A. discussB. decideC. judgeD. facilitate
34. A. shapeB. scaleC. levelD. cnstructin
35. A. agreementB. innvatinC. influenceD. chesin

（2024年长宁区二模）
A cure fr the future in the past?
Fr ver fifty years, the peple f Britain have relied n the welfare state t make sure they have adequate health services. But nw the Natinal Health Service is sick. Gvernment ___21___ and underfunding are frcing hspitals t clse, and waiting lists fr treatment are getting lnger. Under such circumstances, it is n surprise that mre peple are turning t private (but expensive) healthcare.
Fr sme, hwever, there are ___22___. They are turning their back n mdern pills, tablets and resrting t ther cnventinal medicine. It seems paradxical, but in an age f micrchips and high technlgy, traditinal medicine, the ld-fashined cures that ur grandparents relied n, is making a ___23___.
Cnsider these case studies:
Maude is 76 years ld and has been suffering frm arthritis fr almst ten years. “The pain in my jints was almst ___24___, and my dctr referred me t a surgen at the Lndn Hspital. I was tld that I needed ___25___, but wuld need t wait fr at least tw years befre I culd have the peratin. In ___26___, I started having massage sessins. T my surprise, these were very therapeutic, and while they didn’t cure the disrder, they did ___27___ it t sme extent”.
Rn is 46. His high-pwered city jb was ___28___ fr a series f stress-related illnesses, and the drugs he tk didn’t wrk well n the nervus strain. “I read abut ___29___ which invlve the whle persn rather than the individual symptms, but I had always dubted abut such kind f medicine fr all diseases. Hwever, my friend ___30___ a dietician wh tld me that part f my prblem was diet-related. Basically, the fd I was eating was ___31___ t my disrder. She gave me a list f fds that wuld prvide the right vitamins and minerals t keep me in gd health. At the same time, she advcated a mre ___32___ lifestyle-running, swimming, that kind f thing. I’ m a bit f a cuch ptat, and this kind f lifestyle I had lived was ___33___ the prblem. Nw I feel great!”
S is there still a place in ur lives fr mdern medicine? While it is true that sme infectins and viruses may be ___34___ by turning t traditinal medicine, mre serius illnesses such as cancer need mre extreme measures. We d need ur health service at these times, and we shuldn’t stp ___35___ in its future. But we mustn’t frget that fr sme cmmn illnesses, the cure may lie in the past.
A. supprtB. restrictinsC. cutbacksD. cncern
A. prgramsB. alternativesC. measuresD. scales
A. cmebackB. livingC. changeD. mess
A. uniqueB. uncertainC. universalD. unbearable
A. permissinB. surgeryC. supervisinD. strength
A. cnditinB. desperatinC. generalD. particular
A. prtectB. recverC. relieveD. treat
A. eagerB. gratefulC. famusD. respnsible
A. treatmentsB. surcesC. spiritsD. cmments
A. supervisedB. declaredC. recmmendedD. tempted
A. cntributingB. adaptingC. subjectingD. bjecting
A. mderateB. activeC. negativeD. suitable
A. identifyingB. investigatingC. estimatingD. wrsening
A. preventedB. empweredC. indicatedD. restred
A. undertakingB. invadingC. investingD. evlving

（2023年6月·上海真题）
Dctrs are scientists wh perate in a wrld f statistics, dds and prbability. Yet they’ve lng been taught that when dealing with patients they shuld cnvey a reassuring level f cnfidence and certainty. (41)______, patients expect their dctrs t give them a clear diagnsis and a straightfrward curse f treatment. But nw that infrmatin abut every medical cnditin imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether dctrs' apparent (42) _____ when cmmunicating with their patients actually des mre harm than gd. With the infrmatin verlad brught by the prgress f medicine and technlgy answers are (43) ______ black r white.
Medical schls are nly just starting t teach dctrs hw t deal with this, and patients' expectatins haven't (44) ______, either.
“Medicine has always fallen shrt f the srt f certainty that we find in math and gemetry”, says Dr. Rss Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana Schl f Public Health in Trnt. “If yu think abut knwledge and what it des, it’s abut (45) ______ uncertainty, nt abut creating certainty. ”
Dctrs in training, like gamblers, need t be (46) ______ wrking in a field in which they’re cnstantly weighing the dds based n a myriad f factrs. When Upshur teaches medical students hw t diagnse an ailment(小恙), he tells them t (47) ______ their inquiry ---- cme up with a list f pssibilities, rather than quickly hme in n a single slutin. “Even when yu make a diagnsis that yu think is firm, yu usually dn’t have certainty abut what wuld be the best (48) ______ and what the utcmes will be in the lng run.”
Technlgy has helped (49) ______ the quest fr certainty. We are reaching a pint where we can feed a list f symptms int a cmputer and get a mre (50) ______ diagnsis than frm a dctr. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a prfessr f medicine at Harvard Medical Schl, sees such develpments as bth a/an (51) ______ and an pprtunity. On ne hand, he says, “technlgy tries t push yu t a/an (52) ______ level f certainty. D this test t get a 99 percent level f certainty that yu have this disease. ”
On the ther hand, cmputers can’t (53) ______ a diagnsis r a treatment t patients in a cmfrting way. Take a rutine screening test fr early-stage lung cancer. Based n yur age, yur smking status, and yur gender, a cmputer can d a great jb f evaluating the chances f finding a cancerus ndule (癌症结节). It can als (54) ______ quite precisely the risk f develping an actual cancer based n the size and shape f a ndule. What it can’t d, (55) ______, is decide hw t break the news that yu have a ndule in yur lung that has a 1 percent chance f becming a cancer.
A.On the handB. Afterwrds C. As a result D.Abve all
42.A. victim B. instance C. transparencyD. certainty
43.A. frequently B. generally C.rarelyD. mainly
44.A. adred B.transfrmed C.fadedD.adjusted
45.A. limitingB. hitting C.threatening D. assembling
46. A. cmpared withB. accunted fr C. accustmed tD.annyed at
B.train C.clarifyD.braden
48.A. identifyB. cure C.defendD.cause
49.A. enlightenB.redefine C.cmmitD.guarantee
50. A. accurateB.plain C.seriusD.remedial
51.A. challengeB. encunter C.cnversatinD.dispute
52.A. dangerusB. maximal C.unfavrableD.cntrasting
53. A.stuffB.hint C.cmmunicateD. indicate
54.A. cncludeB. understand C.assumeD. calculate
55. A.hweverB. therefre C. mreverD.hence
年份
完形填空
2023上海秋考
名词3；动词6；形2；副2；词组2；其中
2022上海秋考
名词5；动词5；形3；副0；词组2；其中
2021上海秋考
名词5；动词3；形4；副0；词组3；其中
2020上海秋考
名词7；动词5；形3；副0；词组0；其中