2023年福建省宁德市第一中学高三5月二模英语试卷含解析

这是一份2023年福建省宁德市第一中学高三5月二模英语试卷含解析，共26页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023年福建省宁德市二模英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
BBC Cymru Wales Tours
Step into the future of broadcasting at BBC's newest and most advanced studios at 3 Central Square，Cardiff，CF101 FT.
Ever wondered how sound effects are added to your favourite podcasts（播客）？Or what it's like to read the news？Join our friendly guides for an unusual tour of BBC Cymru Wales.Visit our television and radio studios to discover the secrets of making BBC programmes.
On your journey you will：
• Visit one of the largest BBC newsrooms，packed with cutting-edge （领先的）technology including AR，VR and robotic cameras.
• Take a glance at TV galleries and other broadcast facilities.
Information
Each walking tour will last approximately 90 minutes.As a live and working broadcast centre，no two tours are the same，so every visit will be unique.
For group bookings，or for specific access requirements，please call 029 2087 8444.
Children under 18 must be accompanied by an adult.Tours are only suitable for children over 7 years.
All adult visitors attending tours must bring photo ID.Large bags and shopping bags are not allowed on the tour.
Bags will be searched，so to avoid delays we recommend visitors not bring large bags or unnecessary items.
Ticket prices：
Adult：£13.00
Family ticket（1 adult and up to 3 children or 2 adults and 2 children）：£38.00
Student|Under 26：£10.00
Disabled person|Over 65：£12.00
Group 10+tickets—Adults：£12.00
Group 10+tickets—Students|Under 26：£9.00
Group 10+tickets—Disabled people|ver 65：£11.00
1. What can visitors do at BBC Cymru Wales Tours？ ______
A. Make BBC news programmes. B. Admire gallery artworks.
C. Experience advanced technology. D. Visit BBC's smallest newsroom.
2. What can we know about the tours？ ______
A. The tours are mostly the same.
B. Every tour lasts about an hour and a half.
C. The tours are designed for kids under 7.
D. The tours allow visitors to carry big bags.
3. If a group of 20 senior school students attend the tours，how much should they pay？ ______
A. £260.00. B. £240.00. C. £200.00. D. £180.00.
B
The African penguin is expected to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade，given its current population decline.The main reason is a lack of food caused by disturbance to ocean conditions from global heating and competition from the commercial fishing industry.According to a study，scientists have identified a possible additional cause，one that is an entirely new threat and that further prevents the penguins from finding food：noise pollution from marine （海洋的）ships in a bay.
Since 2016，a new shipping practice has started at Algoa Bay.The bay offers ship-to-ship refueling for ships anchored offshore.Since the start of this practice，marine traffic in the bay has doubled.The number of bulk carriers （散货船） pulling into the bay has increased by ten times as much.Thus the noise levels in the area had doubled and the population of penguins has dropped sharply.High noise levels affect the ability of marine animals to find food，communicate or navigate properly.
Researchers used data from ship identification tools to estimate underwater noise from passing ships.They also attached underwater microphones-and accelerometers （感应器） to some of the penguins.Recording the noise will tell researchers what the penguins are hearing，if they're talking while hunting，if they're changing their movements in response to noise，and if the noise is drowning out their hunting conversations.This will allow researchers to determine whether the sound disturbance is a direct cause of the penguins' ongoing difficulties in finding sufficient food.
The study is the first to explore he effects of ocean traffic noise pollution on seabirds and the consequences of offshore shipping activities on underwater noise levels.Experts are considering proposing various global best-practice approaches to reduce some of the impacts of noise pollution，such as policies that limit the number and size of ships allowed into a bay of this kind. "We also need more scientific monitoring of noise，before these measures are put in place and afterward，so that we have a proper understanding of what works." a researcher said.
4. What is caused by the noise pollution？ ______
A. The penguins' lack of food.
B. The penguins' proper navigation.
C. People's communication disability.
D. The commercial competition.
5. Why did scientists attach microphones to penguins？ ______
A. Because they wanted to study the way of relieving marine traffic pressure.
B. Because they could determine and analyze the source of ocean noise pollution
C. Because it helped to calculate underwater noise levels caused by different ships.
D. Because the impact of ocean on penguins' hunting behavior could be found.
6. How can the noise pollution be reduced？ ______
A. By exploring the real effects of ocean traffic.
B. By restricting the ships to go into the bay.
C. By banning all the offshore shipping activities.
D. By increasing ship-to-ship refueling activities.
7. What will researchers probably do next？ ______
A. Evaluate the risk of the noise. B. Establish a monitoring system.
C. Put the measures in place. D. Try to understand what happens.
C
The first solar cell capable of powering everyday electrical equipment was made in the 1950s at Bell Labs in New Jersey.Back then the silicon-based （基于硅的） panels were hugely expensive and turned just 6% of sunlight into electricity.Since then，costs have come down dramatically and today's silicon solar cells can turn up to 22% of sunlight into power.But they're nearly maxed out in terms of efficiency.Now，perovskites （钙钛矿） offer the potential for dramatic increases in power output，and they could ultimately replace silicon altogether.
Rescarchers at Oxford PV，a company spun out of the University of Oxford，made a major breakthrough in 2018.By coating silicon with perovskites they achieved 28% efficiency.The company believes it can eventually reach 40%，or higher. "If we want to make all new power generation about solar photovoltaics （光伏），then we need to keep driving the price down，"Henry Snaith，professor of physics at the University of Oxford and co-founder of Oxford PV，said."One way to do that is to keep pushing the efficiency or power output up，and this is where perovskites really come into play."
Perovskites were discovered in 1839.Oxford PV uses a synthetic （合成的） version，made from inexpensive materials that are present on the Earth in large quantities，while other companies use variations of the original mineral，collectively called perovskites.As well as improved solar efficiency，they work better than silicon in the shade，on cloudy days or even indoors.Perovskites can be printed using an inkjet （喷墨的） printer and can be as thin as wallpaper.Oxford PV hopes perovskites will eventually replace silicon entirely.
Last month，Saule Technologies' new factory in Warsaw began printing perovskite solar cells using inkjet printers.Early next year，it will start supplying Swedish construction company Skanska Group."The material is set to be a game changer in the energy field，because it works in every lighting condition，"said Saule Technologies co-founder Olga Malinkiewicz.
8. What is the biggest disadvantage of silicon-based panels？ ______
A. They are incredibly expensive.
B. They are easy to abandon totally.
C. They are relatively low in power output.
D. They have only existed for about 50 years.
9. What attitude does Snaith have towards perovskites？ ______
A. Favorable. B. Cautious. C. Opposed. D. Ambiguous.
10. Why can perovskites possibly replace silicon entirely？ ______
A. They can be as thin as paper.
B. They are rarely seen on the Earth.
C. They can be printed with 3-D printers.
D. They perform well in poor lighting conditions.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text？ ______
A. The cost of perovskite solar cells.
B. A new way to replace perovskites.
C. The applications of solar photovoltaics.
D. A potential way to increase solar power output.
D
Lithium （锂） is called "white gold" for good reason.The metal's value has been growing sharply over the last several years，in a large part because it is an essential part of batteries as well as several key sustainable technologies where energy storage is of huge significance.As electric cars，wind and solar power have grown into major players in the energy industry，lithium has become key to engineering a future free of fossil （化石） fuels.
But acquiring lithium comes at an enormous cost.It often works like this：Water containing lithium is delivered to the surface from underground and mixed with fresh water.The mixture then sits in pools to get rid of water，leaving the rest of its contents behind as brightly colored "mud".Then heat and chemical reactions are used to get lithium from that，changing it into powder which is then packaged and shipped to buyers around the world.
Any accident that releases mine contents into surrounding communities or the groundwater supply could have unimaginable long-term impacts.To be specific，indigenous （土著的） communities often bear the damage，and political leaders have typically given little weight to their concerns.In Arizona，for example，an expanding lithium mine is threatening the Hualapai Tribe's cultural and historic sites.Recently，mining lithium and other precious metals has brought about conflict：How do you ensure the availability of materials essential to the future of renewables while protecting those communities' rights？
Mining of the metal is expected to increase dramatically in coming years.Over time，experts say，that will reduce greenhouse gas emissions （排放） by making electric cars more affordable and，therefore，more popular.As environmentally conscious consumers buy electric cars in ever-greater numbers，it's important to be aware of the dirty process that powers those clean air vehicles.
12. What does the author's intention of writing Paragraph 1？ ______
A. To introduce the background of an event.
B. To explain a complex industrial theory.
C. To describe a noticeable recent tendency.
D. To predict the future of a main technology.
13. Which may cause enormous environmental damage？ ______
A. Unexpected material leak. B. Violent chemical reactions.
C. Wrong political decisions. D. Lithium mine expansion.
14. What's the author's attitude towards mining lithium？ ______
A. Intolerant. B. Uncaring. C. Favorable. D. Objective.
15. What's the most suitable title for the text？ ______
A. High Expense of Lithium Mining
B. Potential Benefit of Using Lithium
C. Hidden Threat behind Clean Energy
D. Bright Future of Renewable Resources

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
    When raindrops fall to the ground in summer, a familiar scent always follows. Many people call this the "smell of rain". However, rain is made up of odorless(无味的) water. So, where does this smell come from?
      (1)   But it actually comes from wet soil. This special odor even has its own name：petrichor(潮土油), which comes from a pair of chemical reactions.
    The pleasant smell has long been an interest of scientists since Australian scientists first documented the formation of petrichor in 1964. According to scientists, some plants produce oils during dry periods.   (2)  
    Yet, it's the second reaction that creates the most petrichor. It occurs when chemicals produced by bacteria in soil are released.   (3)   These bacteria break down and change into simple chemical compounds, providing nutrition for plants. Meanwhile the process also produces geosmin(土臭素), a compound with a distinct earthy aroma(香味).
    Lots of animals are sensitive to geosmin but human beings are extremely sensitive to it. When it rains after a long period of dryness, drops of water hit the ground. Geosmin is then released from the surfaces.   (4)   And it finally gives raindrops their familiar scent. If it rains heavily enough, geosmin will be spread downwind, warning others of coming rain.
​​​​​​​      (5)   And the next time someone mentions how much they love the smell of rain, you can prove your intelligence by explaining where that smell comes from.
A.And when it rains, these oils are released into the air.
B.The smell of petrichor is quite pleasant to the human nose.
C.There are a group of microorganisms widely found in soils.
D.Rain can refresh the soil specially when it rains heavily.
E.Scientists found the distinctive smell doesn't come from rain.
F.The pleasant smell always comes into being with the flow of air.
G.It is further spread around its surroundings with the aid of wind and rain.
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
Sports are important in our family.Both of our sons were high-school（1） ______ .So I shouldn't have been（2） ______ when Lauren announced she was going out for the girls'basketball team.But I was because she has Down syndrome（唐氏综合症）.
My wife and I never told Lauren that she was（3） ______ .We treated her like our other children.We didn't want her to feel disabled.
I discussed Lauren's（4） ______ with my wife that evening.She thought Lauren would make the team and she was right.Lauren did（5） ______ it because not all the girls wanted to play.
The season's first basketball game（6） ______ .It kicked off to a good start，but soon Verden，Lauren's team，was behind.Lauren（7） ______ followed the movement on the court and reacted to every（8） ______ .Even though Lauren wasn't playing，she looked as if she were having the time of her life.I felt（9） ______ for my daughter.
Just less than two minutes were left，and Verden was down by seventeen points when Lauren was called in for the game.Lauren（10） ______ the others fairly well.Then they passed Lauren the ball.She（11） ______ it.She shot.She scored!A few minutes later，Lauren （12） ______ us in the stands."Did you see？I scored!I made a （13） ______ !"
For sixteen years，I'd tried hard to（14） ______ Lauren from feeling like she was different.But watching Lauren in the game，I saw that she really was different—not physically or emotionally，but（15） ______ .
21.  A. athletes B. rescuers C. reporters D. teachers
22.  A. depressed B. embarrassed C. disappointed D. surprised
23.  A. normal B. different C. ordinary D. typical
24.  A. arrangement B. preference C. announcement D. proposal
25.  A. approve B. predict C. make D. favour
26.  A. appeared B. arrived C. changed D. remained
27.  A. attentively B. carelessly C. frequently D. repeatedly
28.  A. team B. shout C. game D. shot
29.  A. regret B. anxiety C. admiration D. sympathy
30.  A. gave way to B. kept pace with C. put up with D. broke away from
31.  A. threw B. missed C. caught D. cast
32.  A. challenged B. greeted C. left D. joined
33.  A. mistake B. basket C. mess D. record
34.  A. shelter B. prohibit C. discourage D. excuse
35.  A. socially B. consciously C. literally D. spiritually
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. ChatGPT is high-tech progress, not a revolution
    ChatGPT is a powerful chatbot developed by OpenAI and launched in November 2022.    1    (build) on top of OpenAI's GPT-3 family of large language models, it engages in human-like dialogue egged by prompting. It    2    (design) to respond in a natural, intuitive way and has numerous potential uses.
    From a scientific point of view, there is a need to closely watch the development of such    3   (technology) before reaching a conclusion about their efficacy and helpful nature. Technology progresses step by step. So we should not panic thinking ChatGPT will take up jobs    4    till now needs humans to fulfill.
    ChatGPT is an example of high-tech progress, not a revolution.
    First, ChatGPT    5    (make) quite some progress in natural language processing, yet it still has a long way to go to completely understand the human mind and language faculty, because when it comes to professional writing, ChatGPT at times writes plausible-sounding but    6    (correct) or nonsensical answers. It might give some good answers to most of the general questions,    7    it is no substitute for professional advice, such as medical prognosis and prescriptions, or legal advice.
    Second, ChatGPT is still a product    8    very limited application. It has the potential to be used for enhancing search engine functionality but, as a pre-trained language model, it will have limited use.
    Due to these limitations, investors should not    9    (blind) invest huge amounts to further develop ChatGPT and should not expect quick returns on investment. Yet as a    10   (promise) AI development, ChatGPT is likely to advance in the medium, if not the short term.
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Peter给你发邮件说最近经过多次尝试终于学会了做中国传统美食——饺子，开心不已。询问你在日常的学习和生活中，是否有过类似经历。请回复邮件，分享你的经历。内容包括：
（1）一件曾尝试的新事物；
（2）学习的过程；
（3）你的感受。
注意：
（4）写作词数应为80左右；
（5）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter，
I'm glad to receive your email.
________________________

Yours， Li Hua

38. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I put one last box into the back seat and closed the car door.It felt as if I were closing the door on my whole life.At first，I was excited when Mom told me she'd gotten a fantastic new job at an animal hospital.Then，because she always saves the bad news for last，she told me the really terrible part.The hospital wasn't in our city；it was miles away in the middle of nowhere.And I'm definitely not a country girl.
I stood beside the car，taking a last look at our building.To most people，it probably just looked like any other old apartment house，but I loved every brick.Just then，I saw my best friends，Hana and Leo，come to see me off.While Hana played a cool riff（重复乐段）on her trumpet（小号），Leo sang， "We will miss you，Celia." I hugged them tightly and jumped into the car fast so no one could see me tear up.As Mom drove away，I waved goodbye to my friends，my neighborhood，and my life.
We rode a while in silence，and I held my violin case for comfort.Leo，Hana，and I had been writing songs for our band，but that was all over now. "Don't think of this as an ending，" Mom said，with her knack（技能）for reading my mind. "It's an exciting beginning.It's normal to be a bit anxious about unfamiliar things，but you don't need to be afraid of them." I kept silent and looked out the window as crowded，exciting city streets turned first into tasteless suburban shopping strips（商业街）and then into endless，boring trees and fields of corn.We finally arrived at our new home，a two-floored wooden farmhouse.Mom said I could go explore.Mom never let me go out alone in the city，so maybe a bit more freedom would be one consolation（慰藉）of living here.

注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Feeling that country life might turn out okay，I wondered off，taking my violin with me.

I couldn't resist，so I took out my violin and began to play along.

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章On your journey you will部分的•Visit one of the largest BBC newsrooms，packed with cutting-edge （领先的）technology including AR，VR and robotic cameras.（参观BBC最大的新闻编辑室之一，这里挤满了尖端技术，包括AR、VR和机器人摄像机。）和•Take a glance at TV galleries and other broadcast facilities.（浏览电视画廊和其他广播设施。）可知游客可以在BBC Cymru Wales Tours体验先进的技术。A.Make BBC news programmes.制作BBC新闻节目；B.Admire gallery artworks.欣赏画廊艺术品；C.Experience advanced technology.体验先进技术；D.Visit BBC's smallest newsroom.参观BBC最小的新闻编辑室。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章Information部分的Each walking tour will last approximately 90 minutes.（每次徒步旅行大约持续90分钟。）可知B.Every tour lasts about an hour and a half.（每次游览持续大约一个半小时。）符合题意。故选B。
（3）数字计算题。根据文章Ticket prices部分的Group 10+tickets—Students|Under 26：£9.00（10人以上团体票—学生| 26岁以下：9.00英镑）可知如果20名高中生参加旅行团，他们应该付180英镑（20*9=180）。故选D。
本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述了BBC威尔士之旅的一些内容。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

4~7.【答案】A、D、B、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段中According to a study，scientists have identified a possible additional cause，one that is an entirely new threat and that further prevents the penguins from finding food：noise pollution from marine （海洋的）ships in a bay. （根据一项研究，科学家们已经确定了一个可能的额外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻碍了企鹅寻找食物：海湾中船只的噪音污染）可知噪音污染会引起企鹅缺乏食物，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段中Recording the noise will tell researchers what the penguins are hearing，if they're talking while hunting，if they're changing their movements in response to noise，and if the noise is drowning out their hunting conversations.This will allow researchers to determine whether the sound disturbance is a direct cause of the penguins' ongoing difficulties in finding sufficient food.（记录噪音可以告诉研究人员企鹅听到了什么，它们在狩猎时是否在说话，它们是否会因噪音而改变动作，以及噪音是否淹没了它们的狩猎对话。这将使研究人员能够确定声音干扰是否是企鹅在寻找足够食物方面持续困难的直接原因）可知，科学家给企鹅安装麦克风是因为可以发现海洋对企鹅狩猎行为的影响，故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Experts are considering proposing various global best-practice approaches to reduce some of the impacts of noise pollution，such as policies that limit the number and size of ships allowed into a bay of this kind. （专家们正在考虑提出各种全球最佳实践方法，以减少噪音污染的一些影响，例如限制允许进入此类海湾的船只数量和尺寸的政策）可知，可以通过限制船只进入海湾减少噪音污染，故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段We also need more scientific monitoring of noise，before these measures are put in place and afterward，so that we have a proper understanding of what works. （在采取这些措施之前和之后，我们还需要对噪音进行更科学的监测，这样我们才能正确地了解什么是有效的）可知，研究人员接下来可能会建立监控系统。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究表明海湾中船只的噪音污染进一步阻碍了企鹅寻找食物。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

8~11.【答案】C、A、D、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Back then the silicon-based（基于硅的）panels were hugely expensive and turned just 6% of sunlight into electricity.Since then，costs have come down dramatically and today's silicon solar cells can turn up to 22% of sunlight into power.But they're nearly maxed out in terms of efficiency. （当时，硅基太阳能板非常昂贵，而且只能将6%的阳光转化为电能。从那时起，成本急剧下降，今天的硅太阳能电池可以将高达22%的阳光转化为电能。但就效率而言，它们几乎已经达到了极限。）可知，硅基电池板最大的缺点是输出功率相对较低。故选C。
（2）观点态度题。根据第二段One way to do that is to keep pushing the efficiency or power output up，and this is where perovskites really come into play. （实现这一目标的一种方法是不断提高效率或功率输出，这就是钙钛矿真正发挥作用的地方。）可知，斯奈斯对钙钛矿态度是赞成的。A．Favorable.支持的；B．Cautious.谨慎的；C．Opposed.反对的；D．Ambiguous.模棱两可的。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段As well as improved solar efficiency，they work better than silicon in the shade，on cloudy days or even indoors. （除了提高太阳能效率外，它们在阴凉处、阴天甚至室内的工作效果都比硅要好。）可知，钙钛矿有可能完全取代硅是因为它们在弱光条件下表现良好。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段Now，perovskites （钙钛矿）offer the potential for dramatic increases in power output，and they could ultimately replace silicon altogether. （现在，钙钛矿提供了大幅增加功率输出的潜力，它们最终可能完全取代硅。）及全文可知，主要介绍了使用钙钛矿涂层的太阳能面板可将能源转化效率提高两倍。所以A potential way to increase solar power output.（增加太阳能输出的潜在方法。）作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使用钙钛矿涂层的太阳能面板可将能源转化效率提高两倍。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

12~15.【答案】C、A、D、C
【解析】（1）目的意图题。根据第一段内容Lithium （锂） is called "white gold" for good reason.The metal's value has been growing sharply over the last several years，in a large part because it is an essential part of batteries as well as several key sustainable technologies where energy storage is of huge significance.As electric cars，wind and solar power have grown into major players in the energy industry，lithium has become key to engineering a future free of fossil （化石） fuels.（锂被称为"白金"是有原因的。在过去的几年里，这种金属的价值一直在急剧增长，这在很大程度上是因为它是电池以及一些关键的可持续技术的重要组成部分，在这些技术中，能量存储具有巨大的意义。随着电动汽车、风能和太阳能成为能源行业的主要参与者，锂已经成为策划一个没有化石燃料的未来的关键。）可知，本段落介绍了锂的价值急剧增长的原因，描述了它在当今社会发展中的重要性。由此推知，本段落的意图是描述锂的重要性日益凸显这一显然的发展趋势，引出下文对这一趋势的深度分析，C项符合题意。文中没有涉及事件，可排除A项；第一段没有涉及工业理论，可排除B项；文中没有展望技术的未来，可排除D项。A．To introduce the background of an event.介绍事件的背景；B．To explain a complex industrial theory.来解释一个复杂的工业理论；C．To describe a noticeable recent tendency.描述一个明显的近期趋势；D．To predict the future of a main technology.预测一项主要技术的未来。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中Any accident that releases mine contents into surrounding communities or the groundwater supply could have unimaginable long-term impacts.（任何将矿物释放到周围社区或地下水供应的事故都可能造成难以想象的长期影响。）可知，如果锂矿物意外进入周围社区或地下水中，将会产生重大的破坏，即严重地破坏环境，A项符合题意。故选A。
（3）观点态度题。根据第二段中But acquiring lithium comes at an enormous cost.（但获取锂需要付出巨大的代价。）和第三段中Any accident that releases mine contents into surrounding communities or the groundwater supply could have unimaginable long-term impacts.（任何将矿物释放到周围社区或地下水供应的事故都可能造成难以想象的长期影响。）可知，获取锂代价大，而且有污染环境的风险。再结合第三段中Recently，mining lithium and other precious metals has brought about conflict：How do you ensure the availability of materials essential to the future of renewables while protecting those communities' rights？（最近，锂和其他贵金属的开采带来了冲突：在保护这些社区权利的同时，如何确保对可再生能源未来至关重要的材料的可用性？）可知，开采锂发展可再生能源的同时需要保护受影响的群体的权利。由此推知，在大力开采锂的背景下，作者意识到其中存在的威胁，认为需要在开采锂发展新能源和保护群体的权利之间做好平衡，因此作者的态度是客观的，D项符合题意。A．Intolerant.难以忍受的；B．Uncaring.不关心的；C．Favorable.支持的；D．Objective.客观的。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据最后一段中As environmentally conscious consumers buy electric cars in ever-greater numbers，it's important to be aware of the dirty process that powers those clean air vehicles.（随着越来越多具有环保意识的消费者购买电动汽车，有必要意识到驱动这些清洁空气的汽车的肮脏过程。）并结合全文可知，文章主要说明了发展清洁能源需要开采锂，但这一过程背后代价高昂、可能严重破坏环境，我们需要考虑到这一潜在的威胁。因此C项（清洁能源背后隐藏的威胁）能够概括文章大意，适合作为标题。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了了目前发展清洁能源的大背景下需要开采锂，但这一过程实际上代价高昂，而且可能严重破坏环境，我们需要考虑到这一潜在的威胁。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

16~20.【答案】E、A、C、G、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“雨味”的相关知识，重点介绍这种味道是如何来的。

1. 
根据上文However, rain is made up of odorless water. So, where does this smell come from? （然而，雨是由无味的水组成的。那么，这种气味是从哪里来的呢？）及下文But it actually comes from wet soil.（但它实际上来自潮湿的土壤。）可知，空格处内容为这种独特的气味并不来自雨。由此可知，E项（科学家们发现这种独特的气味并不是来自雨。）能够承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
2. 根据上文According to scientists, some plants produce oils during dry periods.（据科学家称，一些植物在干旱时期会分泌油脂。）可知，植物在干旱时期会分泌油脂。由此可知，A项（下雨时，这些油被释放到空气中。）和上文意思紧密联系，句中的these oils指的就是上文提到的油脂，是上文的语意递进，符合语境。故选A。

3. 
根据上文It occurs when chemicals produced by bacteria in soil are released.（当土壤中的细菌产生的化学物质被释放出来时，就会发生这种情况。）及下文These bacteria break down and change into simple chemical compounds, providing nutrition for plants.（这些细菌分解成简单的化合物，为植物提供营养。）可知，此处讲述的是土壤中的细菌。由此可知，C项（有一组微生物广泛存在于土壤中。）能够承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
4. 
根据上文Geosmin is then released from the surfaces.（然后土臭素从表面释放出来。）及下文And it finally gives raindrops their familiar scent.（它最终赋予了雨滴熟悉的气味。）可知，空格处内容为土臭素的进一步的传播。由此可知，G项（风和雨的帮助下，它在周围进一步传播。）能够承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
5. 根据下文And the next time someone mentions how much they love the smell of rain, you can prove your intelligence by explaining where that smell comes from.（下次有人提到他们有多喜欢雨的味道时，你可以通过解释气味的来源来证明你的智商。）可知，此处提到有人很喜欢雨的味道。由此可知，B项（雨后的芳香对于人的鼻子闻起来是很舒服的。）和下文内容意思一致，都是讲的对于雨的味道的喜爱，符合语境。故选B。

21~35.【答案】A、D、B、C、C、B、A、D、C、B、C、D、B、A、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.athletes运动员；B.rescuers搜救人员；C.reporters记者D.teachers老师。句意：我们的两个儿子都是高中运动员。根据上文"Sports are important in our family"可知，作者的两个儿子都是高中运动员。故选A。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.depressed沮丧的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.disappointed失望的；D.surprised惊讶的。句意：所以当劳伦宣布她要参加女子篮球队时，我不应该感到惊讶。根据上文"Sports are important in our family.Both of our sons were high-school（1）"可知，作者家里有运动这种家庭氛围，所以当劳伦宣布她要参加女子篮球队时，作者觉得不应该感到惊讶。故选D。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.normal正常的；B.different不同的；C.ordinary普通的；D.typical典型的。句意：我和妻子从来没有告诉劳伦她与别人不同。根据上文"she has Down syndrome"可知，她是和别人不同的。故选B。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.arrangement安排；B.preference偏爱；C.announcement声明；D.proposal提议。句意：那天晚上，我和妻子讨论了劳伦的声明。根据上文"Lauren announced she was going out for the girls'basketball team"可知，作者和妻子讨论了劳伦的声明。故选C。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.approve赞成；B.predict预测；C.make（it）成功；D.favour偏袒。句意：劳伦成功了，因为不是所有的女孩都想打篮球。根据下文"not all the girls wanted to play"可知，劳伦成功了，因为不是所有的女孩都想打篮球。故选C。
 （6）考查动词及语境理解。A.appeared出现；B.arrived到达；C.changed改变；D.remained保持。句意：本赛季的第一场篮球赛到了。根据下文"It got off to a good start，but soon Verden，Lauren's team，was behind"可知，本赛季的第一场篮球赛到了。故选B。
（7）考查副词及语境理解。A.attentively专注地；B.carelessly粗心地；C.frequently频繁地；D.repeatedly重复地。句意：劳伦专注地跟踪球场上的运动，对每一个投篮都做出反应。根据下文"followed the movement on the court"可知，劳伦专注地跟踪球场上的运动。故选A。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.team队伍；B.shout大喊；C.game游戏；D.shot投篮。句意：劳伦专注地跟踪球场上的运动，对每一个投篮都做出反应。根据上文"followed the movement on the court and reacted to"可知，劳伦专注地跟踪球场上的运动，对每一个投篮都做出反应。故选D。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.regret后悔；B.anxiety焦虑；C.admiration钦佩；D.sympathy同情。句意：我很佩服我的女儿。根据上文"Even though Lauren wasn't playing，she looked as if she were having the time of her life"可知，作者对女儿这样的表现表示钦佩。故选C。
（10）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.gave way to给…….让路；B.kept pace with保持同步；C.put up with忍受；D.broke away from脱离。句意：劳伦与其他人的步伐保持得相当好。根据下文"Then they passed Lauren the ball"可知，劳伦与其他人的步伐保持得相当好。故选B。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.threw扔；B.missed错过；C.caught抓住；D.cast投掷。句意：她抓住了它。根据下文"She shot.She scored"可知，她抓住了篮球。故选C。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.challenged挑战；B.greeted问候；C.left离开；D.joined加入。句意：几分钟后，劳伦在看台上加入了我们。根据下文"in the stands"可知，劳伦在看台上加入了我们。故选D。
（13）考直名词及语境理解。A.mistake错误；B.basket投篮得分；C.mess混乱；D.record记录。句意：我进了一个球！根据上文"I scored"可知，作者女儿说自己进了一个球，空格处是"投篮得分"。故选B。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.shelter提供庇护，提供保护；B.prohibit禁止；C.discourage使受挫；D.excuse原谅。句意：16年来，我一直努力不让劳伦觉得自己与他人不一样。根据下文"Lauren from feeling like she was different"可知，作者一直努力不让劳伦觉得自己与他人不一样，空格处意为"提供庇护，提供保护"。故选A。
（15）考查副词及语境理解。A.socially在社会上；B.consciously有意识地；C.literally逐字地，真正地；D.spiritually精神上的。句意：但看着劳伦在比赛中的表现，我发现她真的与众不同--不是身体上或情感上的，而是精神上的。根据上文"not physically or emotionally"可知，作者发现女儿真的与众不同--不是身体上或情感上的，而是精神上的。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者的女儿患有唐氏综合症，但是她仍然参加了女子篮球队，在一次比赛中，她还进球了，作者对女儿感到佩服。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应和语境。

36.【答案】【小题1】
Built
【小题2】
is designed
【小题3】
technologies
【小题4】
which/that
【小题5】
has made
【小题6】
incorrect
【小题7】
but/yet
【小题8】
with
【小题9】
blindly
【小题10】
promising
【解析】1. 句意：它建立在OpenAI的GPT-3大型语言模型家族的基础上，在提示的推动下进行类似人类的对话。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语it与build之间为被动关系，所以用动词的-ed形式作状语。句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Built。

2. 句意：它被设计成以一种自然、直观的方式做出反应，并具有许多潜在的用途。陈述可知事实，用一般现在时。主语It为单数，与design之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is designed。

3. 句意：从科学的角度来看，在对这些技术的功效和有益性质得出结论之前，有必要密切关注这些技术的发展。名词technology为可数名词，前无冠词，所以用复数形式。故填technologies。

4. 句意：因此，我们不应该恐慌地认为ChatGPT将取代迄今为止需要人类来完成的工作。此处是限定性定语从句，句中先行词为jobs，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。

5. 句意：首先，ChatGTP在自然语言处理方面已经取得了相当大的进展，但要完全理解人类的思维和语言能力还有很长的路要走，因为当涉及到专业写作时，ChatGTP有时会写出听起来似是而非的错误或荒谬的答案。结合句意可知，用现在完成时。主语ChatGTP为单数，谓语动词用has。故填has made。

6. 句意同上。根据并列连词or后形容词nonsensical可知，用形容词形式，修饰名词answers。结合句意可知，表示“不正确的”。故填incorrect。

7. 句意：它可能会对大多数一般性问题给出一些很好的答案，但它不能取代专业建议，例如医学预后和处方，或法律建议。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词but或yet。故填but或yet。

8. 句意：其次，ChatGPT仍然是一个应用非常有限的产品。名词application前用介词。表示“具有，带有”，用介词with。故填with。

9. 句意：由于这些限制，投资者不应盲目投入巨额资金进一步开发ChatGPT，也不应期望快速获得投资回报。此处修饰动词，用副词形式，作状语。故填blindly。

10. 句意：然而，作为一项有前途的人工智能发展，ChatGPT很可能在中期（如果不是短期）取得进展。此处修饰名词AI development，应用形容词形式，作定语。故填promising。

37.【答案】Dear Peter，
I'm glad to receive your email.I know that you learned how to make dumplings.You're so great.Now let me share my experience with you.（写信目的）
Since I watched the Winter Olympics Games in Beijing，I have been in love with skating.【高分句型一】From then on，I began to make up my mind to learn it.（一件曾尝试的新事物）But as soon as I stepped on the ice，I stumbled over myself.I found it difficult to learn skating.Although I practiced again and again，and fell again and again，when I thought of the athletes on the field，I didn't give up.【高分句型二】Soon I could skate quite well.I'm proud of myself.（学习的过程）
From learning skating，I know while doing anything，we often meet many kinds of difficulties，but we shouldn't lose heart.Instead，we should try our best to overcome them.（作者的感受）
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Since I watched the Winter Olympics Games in Beijing，I have been in love with skating.
翻译：自从我看了北京冬奥会之后，我就爱上了滑冰。
分析：本句运用了since引导的时间状语从句。
高分句型二：Although I practiced again and again，and fell again and again，when I thought of the athletes on the field，I didn't give up.
翻译：虽然我练习了一次又一次，摔倒了一次又一次，但当我想到赛场上的运动员，我没有放弃。
分析：本句运用了although引导的让步状语从句和when引导的时间状语从句。
写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步：拟定提纲，创造良好的开端；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。
第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇（注意"参考词汇"的提示作用）。

38.【答案】Feeling that country life might turn out okay.I wandered off，taking my violin with me.Suddenly l heard something I wasn't expecting-a beautiful，jazzy tune.I pushed through some corn only to come face-to-face with a cow.Then another hot jazz riff floated through the air.I turned around and saw a tall kid playing an old saxophone in a field of corn.His music was fantastic，and he didn't dress the way I figured a country kid would.This guy was wearing clothes that made him look cool，like a famous performer.【高分句型一】（发现了演奏者以及他的牛）
I couldn't resist，so I took out my violin and began to play along.The boy looked surprised，but he didn't miss a beat.We played together，and by the end，a cow was tapping her tail to the rhythm.When we finished，we introduced ourselves to each other and became friends.【高分句型二】We also decided to write songs together.I looked at my new friend，the cheerful cow and tall corn.I could feel my thoughts about country life already changing，and I had a feeling it would change a lot more.（我转变了对农村生活的态度）
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了妈妈在偏远的郊外找到了一份工作，喜欢音乐的我不得不和我的好朋友分别，和妈妈一起去乡下。
高分句型一：This guy was wearing clothes that made him look cool，like a famous performer.
翻译：这个家伙穿着让他看起来很酷的衣服，就像一个著名的演员。
分析：运用了that引导的定语从句修饰先行词clothes。
高分句型二：When we finished，we introduced ourselves to each other and became friends.
翻译：完事后，我们互相介绍了自己，成了朋友。
分析：运用了when引导的时间状语从句
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文。确定文章线索
     每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
     （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
     一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
     （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
     根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
     （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
     在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。