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课时分层作业(九)Ⅰ.阅读理解APeople who have kids live longer than those who remain childless，an academic study has suggested.Researchers believe it is because adults' immune systems are “refreshed” when kids go to nursery and start picking up infections.During the course of someone's life，their immune system can become weaker.But when kids start bringing infections home，their parents' immune systems get a workout.Non­parents—unless they are teachers or nurses perhaps—do not get the same exposure to infection.Writing in the journal Scientific Reports，Miguel Portela said parents had less risk of dying from infection than non­parents and if they did，it was about five years later.He said that “a parent's immune system is refreshed by a child's infections at a time when their own protection starts wearing thin.” He added，“With this improved immune system，the parent has a better chance to defend whatever infections that might strike when old and weak and parenthood is rewarded in individual terms through an improved immunization against infections.” Naturally there are other reasons why some people live longer than others，but they may not be comparable with becoming a parent.The academics say that high income and house ownership are always associated with higher survival but less so than having children.Mr.Portela admits the research is far from complete，saying that while the results “record a relationship between the presence of children and death rate，the specific transmission mechanisms remain unclear.He acknowledges the presence of other，perhaps behavioral factors in parents which result in changed death rate compared to individuals without children.” He adds，“While the relationships of lifestyle choices such as smoking，obesity，drinking and other behavioral factors with life expectancy and causes of death are well studied and understood，the same cannot be said for the individual decision to become a parent”．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。一项学术研究表明，有孩子的人比没有孩子的人寿命更长。研究人员认为，这是因为当孩子们去托儿所并开始感染病毒时，成年人的免疫系统会“焕然一新”。文章主要解释了产生这一现象的原因，研究人员表示父母通过接触孩子的感染来对抗感染，从而更长寿。1．Why did Mr.Portela say “parents had less risk of dying from infection than non­parents”？A．Parents have healthier lifestyles.B．Parents have less exposure to infection.C．Parents have higher ability to fight against infections than non­parents.D．Parents have less experience to fight against infections.C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“He said that ‘a parent's immune system is refreshed by a child's infections at a time when their own protection starts wearing thin.’ He added，‘With this improved immune system，the parent has a better chance to defend whatever infections that might strike when old and weak and parenthood is rewarded in individual terms through an improved immunization against infections.’”可知，Portela先生说“有孩子的人比没有孩子的人死于感染的风险更小”，是因为有孩子的父母对抗感染的能力更高。故选C。]2．How are parents protected against infections?A．By being exposed to their kids' infection.B．By working out with their kids.C．By refreshing their kids' life.D．By strengthening their kids' infection.A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“During the course of someone's life，their immune system can become weaker.But when kids start bringing infections home，their parents' immune systems get a workout.”以及第三段中“He said that ‘a parent's immune system is refreshed by a child's infections at a time when their own protection starts wearing thin.’”可知，父母通过接触孩子的感染来对抗感染。故选A。]3．What can we infer from the research?A．Rich life benefits parents more than having children.B．Lack of sleep has nothing to do with life expectancy.C．The presence of children can improve parents' health.D．Behavioral factors contribute to higher death rate than having no children.C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“Researchers believe it is because adults' immune systems are ‘refreshed’ when kids go to nursery and start picking up infections.”以及第三段中“He said that ‘a parent's immune system is refreshed by a child's infections at a time when their own protection starts wearing thin.’He added，‘With this improved immune system，the parent has a better chance to defend whatever infections that might strike when old and weak and parenthood is rewarded in individual terms through an improved immunization against infections.’”我们能从研究中推断出儿童的存在可以改善父母的健康。故选C。]4．What's the best title for the passage?A．Parents and Non­parentsB．How to Achieve Longer Life Expectancy?C．How Is Parents' Immune Systems Changed?D．Children's Effect on Parents' Immune SystemD　[标题归纳题。根据第一段“People who have kids live longer than those who remain childless，an academic study has suggested.Researchers believe it is because adults' immune systems are ‘refreshed’ when kids go to nursery and start picking up infections.”并结合文章主要解释了产生这一现象的原因，研究人员表示父母通过接触孩子的感染来对抗感染，从而更长寿。可知，D选项“孩子对父母免疫系统的影响”最符合文章标题。故选D。]BThere was a 4­year gap between myself and my younger brother.There was enough distance in age to keep us close as we got older，and enough of an age gap to make sure we lived our own life in completely different ways.Having a younger brother while I was a girl was a lot of work，for there was usually a lot of fighting.However，as we grow，we've become closer，and I've realized that just because I'm the older sister，it doesn't mean I've truly learned and stuck to the things I should have when I was growing up.Actually，I've learned several things from my younger brother.My younger brother is one of the most talented and creative souls I've known.He is constantly feeding his creativity with new art forms，new instruments and new songs.He always tries to understand and learn more about the world around him.He has reminded me through his actions and words that giving up on creativity is something a person should never do.My younger brother has always been a more introverted (内向的)type.You're lucky to get more than three words out of him at a time.Because of this，he has certainly learned the whole “actions speak louder than words” thing.But I've realized from my brother that I needn't speak to fill the silence.Sometimes，it's necessary to spend some of your time in silence.My younger brother has also got through hard times，and I admire the fact that he is able to focus on learning from the hard times，unlike myself，who is likely to hold on to every little thing from my life.It has always been difficult for me to let things go and move on，but my younger brother has been an inspiration to me to try harder at letting go.【语篇解读】　文章主要讲述了作者虽然作为姐姐，但这并不意味着她已经真正学会了成长过程中所需要的东西，也不意味着她坚持了所有的事情。事实上，作者还有很多东西是从弟弟那学到的。5．What did the author think of growing up as an older sister?A．It kept her independent.B．It wasn't always an ease.C．It seemed to be enjoyable.D．It was a great advantage.B　[推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Having a younger brother while I was a girl was a lot of work，for there was usually a lot of fighting.”可知，作者认为作为一个姐姐长大并不总是一件容易的事。故选B。]6．What does the author learn from her younger brother?A．Keep feeding your creativity.B．Try to find anything new to do.C．Art is truly a beautiful thing.D．Few people can have a new life.A　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He has reminded me through his actions and words that giving up on creativity is something a person should never do.”可知，作者从她弟弟那里学会不断地培养自己的创造力。故选A。]7．What can be the best title for the text?A．Good Qualities of My Little BrotherB．Inspiration Drawn from My FamilyC．Things My Little Brother Taught MeD．Close Relationships between FriendsC　[标题归纳题。根据文章第二段“However，as we grow，we've become closer，and I've realized that just because I'm the older sister，it doesn't mean I've truly learned and stuck to the things I should have when I was growing up.Actually，I've learned several things from my younger brother.”可知，文章主要讲述了作者从弟弟那里学到的事情。故选C。]Ⅱ.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。The printing press had a long history.It was invented in Germany by Joannes Gutenberg around 1440，and brought to England by William Caxton in the 1470s.Yet the basic technology of printing remained the same up to the end of the 18th century，requiring two men to operate a wooden screw press by hand，producing about 200 impressions an hour.The 19th century was the period in which this process was mechanized(机械化)，automated，and made many times faster.A key moment in the development of mass newspapers was the development of the steam­powered printing press，adopted by the Times in 1814.The new presses were able to print per hour around five times the number produced by the machines they replaced.The editor，John Walter，had the machines fixed secretly at night，so that when his printers reported for duty the next morning the majority of them found that they were out of work.The Times went from a circulation(发行量)of 5，000 a day in 1815 to around 50，000 in the middle of the century.This was not caused only by the steam press，but neither could it have happened without it.Later developments improved this effect: the Applegath machine achieved 5，000 impressions per hour，and the Hoe press，an import from the United States，reached to 20，000 impressions per hour.Increases in the speed of papermaking in this period brought down the cost of printed material both for the producer and the customer.In 1896，the Daily Mail was sold at the cost of only half a penny，and by 1900 it was selling nearly 1，000，000 copies a day.If print production was completely changed in those years，then so was its distribution(分销).The appearance of the steam railway meant that for the first time newspapers could be distributed across the country on a daily basis.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】The passage mainly deals with the history of the printing press.(要点1)The first printing press was invented in Germany by Joannes Gutenberg around 1440.It remained the same up to the end of the 18th century.(要点2)Then in the 19th century it was mechanized，automated，and made many times faster，such as the Applegath machine，the Hoe press.(要点3)At the same time its development led to the low cost and the wide distribution of newspapers.(要点4)