牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Grammar and usage教案及反思

《英语》（选择性必修·第三册）

Unit 1  Wish you were here

Grammar and usage

I. Learning objectives

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

1. identify non-restrictive relative clauses;
2. choose proper relative pronouns and adverbs for non-restrictive relative clauses;
3. make sentences about how to be a sustainable tourist with non-restrictive relative clauses.

II. Key competence focus

1. Work out the rules of non-restrictive relative clauses.

2. Apply the rules of non-restrictive relative clauses.

III. Predicted area of difficulty

1. Use proper relative pronouns and adverbs in non-restrictive relative clauses.

2. Create sentences about how to be a sustainable tourist.

IV. Teaching procedures 

Step 1 Lead-in

T asks students to observe two sentences and tell a non-restrictive relative clause from a restrictive relative clause.

T: We have learnt something about Canada, a land of diversity. Here are two sentences from the article. Please observe the underlined clauses and tell the differences between them.

1)      In the ten provinces and three territories which make up Canada, there is a great diversity in geography.

2)      To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains, which are home to high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice and water.

T: The former is a restrictive relative clause while the latter is a non-restrictive relative clause. A comma is usually used to separate the adding clause and the main clause of a non-restrictive relative clause.

【设计意图：温故而知新，学生通过观察已学的阅读文章中的两个句子发现两种定语从句的区别，引出非限制性定语从句的概念。】

Step 2 Exploring the rules

T asks students to read an article and find the sentences with non-restrictive relative clauses.

T: Here is an article about the advantages and disadvantages of tourism. Please read it and

underline the sentences with non-restrictive relative clauses.

Sample answers:

1)      These industries, in turn, give jobs to the local population, whose welfare depends on tourism.

2)      The prices of tourist essentials such as transport, accommodation and food usually increase too, which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community.

3)      More nature-centred tourist attractions, where man and nature live in harmony, can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists.

4)      As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained, wildlife habitats are likely to suffer, which could endanger the local plants and animals.

5)      Local festivals and customs, which may have deep meaning in a particular culture, can simply become entertainment for tourists.

【设计意图: 学生从语境中初步接触到句法现象，理解非限制性定语从句的特征，体现“形式－意义－使用”三维语法观中形式与意义的契合。】

Step 3 Working out the rules

1. Learning about Rule 1

T asks students to go through the five sentences above and deduce Rule 1: We often use a non-restrictive relative clause to add extra information to a noun, pronoun or noun phrase in the main clause or the main clause. A comma is usually used to separate the adding clause and the main clause.

T: Compare the following two sentences and you will have a better understanding of the rule:

1) This is the house which I bought last year. 这就是我去年买的房子。

2) This house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 这个房子是我去年买的，它有一个漂亮的花园。

2. Learning about Rule 2

T asks students to observe the relative pronouns and adverbs and work out Rule 2: We usually introduce a non-restrictive relative clause with a relative pronoun like who, whom, which and whose or a relative adverb like when and where. The relative pronoun and adverb cannot be left out in a non-restrictive relative clause.

T: Complete the following sentences with proper relative pronouns or adverbs.

1) I live in Nanjing, which is a big city.

2) I like my English teacher, who speaks good English.

3) I visit my grandparents at the weekend, when I do not go to school.

3. Learning about Rule 3

T asks students to complete the following sentences with proper relative pronouns and work out rule 3: We can put some/half/many/most/all of before relative pronouns whom and which.

1）   Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on a diet.

2）   I have been to many big cities, all of which have left a deep impression on me.

3）   I have invited more than one hundred friends to the party, most of whom (他们中的大部分) are from abroad.

4）   I earn only 1,000 dollars a month, half of which (其中一半) is spent on my car.

4. Learning about Rule 4

T asks students to translate the second and the fourth sentence of Step 2 into Chinese:

2)      The prices of tourist essentials such as transport, accommodation and food usually increase too, which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community.

旅客的必需品如交通、食宿等的价格通常也会上涨，这又给周边社区带来了更多的财富。

4）As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained, wildlife habitats are likely to suffer, which could endanger the local plants and animals.

由于资源的使用速度超出了其可持续的能力，野生动植物的栖息地有可能会被破坏，从而危及当地的动植物。

T: This is Rule 4: We can use which in a non-restrictive relative clause to refer to the main clause as a whole. Generally speaking, the non-restrictive relative clause will not be placed before the main clause.

T: Here are more examples.

1)      He missed the show, which was a pity.

2)      John told me he would join the Poetry Club, which surprised me greatly.

3)      The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.

4)      The fire lasted for a whole night, which caused great damage.

5. Learning about Rule 5

T: We can use as in a non-restrictive relative clause to refer to the main clause as a whole and the non-restrictive relative clause can be placed before, among or after the main clause.

Here are some examples.

1)      As is known to all, the Moon travels around the Earth.

2)      The book is very interesting, as most readers say.

【设计意图: 利用语篇中的5个句子讲解非限制性定语从句的特征，关系代词和关系副词的选用等知识。让学生通过观察和思考总结出有关非限制性定语从句的基本概念和规则。并且通过一些半结构化、半开放式的语言练习，巩固和运用非限制性定语从句的相关知识，为最后的写作任务打下基础。】

Step 4 Applying the rules

1. T asks students to finish B1 on Page 7 of the textbook.

Sample answers:

1)      My parents went on a tour of Japan with 20 people, some of whom had never been abroad before.

2)      My favorite place to visit is a little village near Shanghai, where my grandma was born.

3)      Dr Luo, who is an expert in Chinese history, will give us a tour of Beijing.

4)      I’d rather visit Europe in summer, when the weather is at its best.

5)      I’m reading a guidebook to Rome, which is really fascinating and helpful.

2. T asks students to finish B2 on Page 7 of the textbook.

Sample answers: c a d b

3. T asks students to discuss more ways to be a sustainable tourist in pairs, using non-restrictive relative clauses.

Sample answers:

1) When you travel, never buy wildlife products, which are made from animal skins or other animal parts.

2) When you travel, you’d better buy souvenirs from the local people, who may make a living by selling handmade items.

3) When you travel, say no to plastic products, which reduces your carbon footprint.

4) When you travel, help the local children in the right way in some developing countries, where your kind giving often has unintended consequences.

【设计意图：这个步骤是语法知识在句子层面、语篇层面和新语境中的运用。语法教学的最终目的是为运用。层层深入的活动设计体现“学习理解－应用实践－迁移创新”英语学习活动观。】

V. Homework

Polish your sentences after class and exchange your sentences with other classmates.