2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习重大版讲义：必修5Unit3ProjectHope

 Unit 3　Project Hope   一、单词—— 写 得 准用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.project n. 　　工程 2.demand vi./vt.  强烈要求，请求　　　n.  要求，需求 3.currently adv.　目前　4.charity n．　　　　慈善5.community n.  社区  6.minority n.  少数民族 7.strike n．/vt. 打，击；使突然意识到 8.debt n.  债务9.opportunity n.  机会，时机  10.mountainous adj.  多山的11.influential adj.有影响的→influence n．影响 vi./vt.影响，改变12.benefit n．公益，慈善；利益，好处 vi./vt.使受益，得益于→beneficial adj.有益的13.contribute vt./vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成；导致；投稿→contribution n．贡献；捐献；投稿→contributor n．贡献者；捐献者；投稿人 14.character n．文字；人物，角色；特性；品质→characteristic n．特征；特点；特性 adj.典型的15.volunteer vi./vt.自愿，自愿做，无偿做 n．义务工作者；志愿者→voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的16.development n．发展→develop v．发展→developing adj.发展中的→developed adj.发达的17.assist vt.帮助，促进→assistant n．助理，助手 adj.辅助的，副的→assistance n．协助，援助1.The doctor said he was a volunteer and had operated on the patient.He was willing to participate in the voluntary activity.(volunteer)2.There are five characters in this play, but they have their own characteristics.(character)3.The writer personally contributed ￡ 5,000 to the earthquake fund.All the contributions will be gratefully received.(contribute)4.Tom is an assistant teacher in the college.He often assists the students with their problems and gives assistance to any student in need.(assist)5.Our newspaper is an influential newspaper in this city, so the remarks on it have a great influence on the public.(influence)6.Your suggestion is very beneficial and I have benefited a lot from it.(benefit)7.With the development of economy, our country are becoming better and better.However,  China is still a developing country.(develop)   ⇩ 1.把握“多数与少数”①minority n．少数②minor adj.  少数的③in the minority  占少数④major adj.  主要的⑤majority n.  大多数⑥in the majority  占多数2.“机会”多多①opportunity n．机会，时机②chance n.  机会③occasion n.  时机，机会④moment n.  时刻，契机3．攻克­tial结尾形容词①influential  有影响的②initial  原始的③potential　潜在的④essential  必要的⑤partial  部分的4．“特性”同义词小聚①character n.  特性；品质②characteristic n.特性；特征③feature n.  特征，特色④quality n.  质量；特性 二、短语—— 写 得 准用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)1.all_over　　遍及，到处2.stand_out  显眼，突出3.a_pair_of  一双，一对4.cry_for  哭着要求得到；恳求；迫切需要 5.thousands_of  数以千计的6.bring_up  教育，养育7.home_and_abroad  国内外8.be_used_to_do  被用来做……9.drop_out  退学，辍学10.use_up  用完，耗尽11.in_debt  负债12.dream_of  梦想，渴望13.pay_off  还清；得到好结果；取得成功14.gain_a_place_at/in  在……赢得一席之地1.To be sure, some deals may pay_off eventually, but others will probably end up worthless.2.Once the non­renewable resources are used_up,_nothing can replace them.3.He dropped_out of college after only two weeks because of not living on his own.4.As a boy, his parents left him and he was brought_up by his grandfather.5.He played the violin, and he stood_out from all the other musicians.6.You will end up in_debt if you carry on spending money like that.7.Li Ping dreams_of there being a chance for her to study abroad in the future.      ⇩1.stand短语一览①stand out 突出，显眼②stand for  代表；象征③stand by  支持；袖手旁观④stand up for  保护；支持2.used短语记记看①be used to do sth.　　　被用来做某事②used to do sth.  过去常常做某事③be used to doing sth.  习惯于做某事④be used for ...  用作……3.“迫切需要”知多少①cry/long for②be dying/anxious/eager for③be hungry/thirsty for 三、句式—— 背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1.That pair of eyes in the picture Xie took, named “I want to go to school”， has moved thousands of people across China ...在谢拍摄的那幅名为“我想去上学”的图画中的那双眼睛已经感动了数以千计的中国人……过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。吉姆已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生们在一起度过的那些快乐时光。(2017·北京高考单选) Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent_with_his_students.2.Born in a poor family of the Tibetan minority in Sichuan, Rang Ying said she had to drop out of school twice because of poverty.让英出生于四川省一户贫困的藏族人家，她说她曾经两次因为贫困辍学。过去分词作状语，表示原因。由于受到很大的鼓舞，我决心将那项艰苦的工作继续做下去。Greatly_encouraged,_I made up my mind to carry on the hard work.3.Her father died that year leaving Rang Ying and her mother in debt.那一年她父亲去世了，使得让英和她的母亲陷入债务中。现在分词短语作结果状语，其中含“leave/make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。大自然为我们的祖国提供了丰富的自然宝藏，使之成为我们幸福的家园。Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures, making_it_a_happy_home  for us.   第一板块核心单词归纳集释1．influential adj.有影响的[经典例句]　She is one of the most influential figures in local politics.她是本地政坛举足轻重的人物。(1)be influential in (doing) sth.　 对(做)某事颇有影响(2)influence n.   影响vi./vt.   影响，改变have an influence on/upon ...   对……有影响under the influence of ...   在……的影响下influence sb.to do sth.   影响某人做某事①His uncle, who works in Beijing, is an influential (influence) politician.他的叔叔在北京工作，是一位具有影响力的政治家。②What parents say and do in daily life usually has a permanent influence on their child.父母在日常生活中的言行通常会给他们的孩子造成永久的影响。③Under_ the influence of the medicine, I have been quite sleepy.在药物的影响下，我一直很困。2．demand vi./vt.强烈要求；请求；需要 n．要求，需求[高考佳句]　Arts activity demands a joint effort.(2018·江苏高考)艺术活动需要(很多人)共同努力。(1)demand to do sth.　　　　　 要求做某事demand sth.of/from sb.   向某人要某物； 以……要求某人demand that ...(should＋) do sth.  要求……做某事(2)meet/satisfy one’s demands   满足某人的要求in demand   非常需要的；受欢迎的①The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in_great_demand in this city.《哈利·波特》系列图书很受欢迎，在这座城市的需求量很大。②The manager promised that they would try to meet/satisfy_their_customers’_demands.经理许诺他们会尽力满足顾客的需求。③The police demanded that he (should)_give (give) them the names.警察要求他说出那些人的姓名。 3．character n．文字；品质；性格；特征；特性；(小说、戏剧或电影中的)人物，角色[经典例句]　I can’t believe she lied to me — it seems so out of character.我想不到她会对我撒谎——这不符合她的性格。[一词多义]　写出下列句中character的含义①Her husband was a man of good character, well­liked and respected by his colleagues.品质②At the end of the story, the main character, a young man had to leave his wife and baby.角色③Nowadays many foreigners love to study Chinese characters in China.文字④You must get rid of the bad habit, because it can affect your character.性格(1)a leading character　　　　　 主角in character   符合某人的性格out of character   不符合某人的性格(2)characteristic (of) adj.   表现特点的；典型的n.   特征；特性；特点⑤It was entirely in character for Rachel to put her baby first.把自己的婴儿放在第一位，这完全符合雷切尔的性格。⑥Hostility towards outsiders is characteristic of both human and non­human animals.对外来者怀有敌意是人类和其他动物共有的特征。[一言串记]　One may only have a character, but may have many characteristics, all of which make up one’s character.一个人可能只有一种性格，但可能有多种特征或特点，所有这些特征或特点便构成了一个人的品质。4．assistance n．帮助，援助，协助[教材原句]　Fortunately, the newly­established Project Hope provided assistance so that she was able to finish her primary school education in 1993.幸运的是，在1993年，那个新成立的希望工程帮助她完成了小学教育。(1)come to one’s assistance　　 帮助某人with the assistance of   在……的帮助下(2)assist vt.   帮助，协助；促进assist (sb.) to do sth./in doing sth. 帮助(某人)做某事assist sb.with sth.   帮助某人做某事(3)assistant n.   助理，助手adj.   辅助的，副的①The public is urgently requested to assist police in tracing this man.紧急要求公众帮助警方追踪此人。②With_the_assistance_of my cousin we paddled across the river in the dark to participate in a private meeting.在我表弟的帮助下，我们趁天黑划过河去参加一个秘密会议。[扮靓写作]　例句①的其他表达方式①The public is urgently requested to assist police to trace this man.②The public is urgently requested to help police (to) trace this man.③The public is urgently requested to do police a favour/do a favour for police to trace this man.Ⅰ.基础点全练(单句语法填空/补全句子)1．It’s unbelievable that he resembles his father very much in character.2．Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.3．Sichuan Province is made up of a basin and some mountainous  (mountain) areas.4．Four people volunteered to_help (help) workers decorate the gym for the dance.5．I’m aware that parents have an important influence on children’s development.6．Being offered the opportunity to_speak (speak) at the graduation ceremony made him overjoyed.7．In the general population, left­handed people are in_the_minority (占少数)．8．Keep it in mind, and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit_from (从……中受益) it.Ⅱ.重难点多练1．demand个个清(1)单句语法填空①Soft drinks are much in demand in this season.②She demanded to_see (see) the headmaster immediately to settle the problem.③The boss demanded that Mary (should)_finish (finish) the task within a week.④He has always demanded the highest standards of behaviour from/of his children.(2)一句多译这位老师要求学生们准时到校。⑤The_teacher_demanded_that_the_students_(should)_go_to_school_on_time. (demand that ...)⑥The_teacher_demanded_of_the_students_to_go_to_school_on_time. (demand of sb.to do sth.)2．assistance多角度(1)句型转换①I am most grateful to my husband, who assisted me in preparing this book.→I am most grateful to my husband, who assisted me_to_prepare this book.②When I was in difficulty, he came to help me kindly.→When I was in difficulty, he kindly assisted_me/came_to_my_assistance.(2)根据汉语提示完成片段John works as an ③assistant (副的) manager in an import company.He is a nice person and usually ④assists_his_neighbors_with (在……方面帮助他的邻居) lots of things.So they like him very much.Several days ago, John fell down the ladder and injured his leg badly.His neighbor Lucy, who is a nurse, ⑤came_to_his_assistance (来帮助他) at the bad news.⑥With_the_assistance_of (在……的帮助下) Lucy, John is recovering quickly.Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练根据语境选出动词contribute的词义(A)捐献，捐赠　　(B)做贡献　　(C)促成，有助于(D)导致          (E)投稿1．He contributed an article to China Daily.__E__2．I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.__B__3．Many millionaires and billionaires are keen on contributing to charities.__A__4．Walking after supper contributes to your better health.__C__5．It was your carelessness that contributed to the failure.__D__第二板块短语句型归纳集释1．use up用完，耗尽[教材原句]　Her father had fallen ill and his medical bills used up the family resources.她的爸爸病了并且他的医疗费用光了家里的积蓄。use up＝run out of　　用光，用完(及物动词短语， 主语一般为人)give out＝run out     用完，耗尽(不及物动词短语， 其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等)①Sana could be the first capital in the world to use up (＝run_out_of) water.萨那将可能是全世界第一个无水可用的首都。②His strength gave out (＝ran_out) after he ran that long distance.跑了那么长的路，他的力气耗尽了。[名师指津]　use up＝run out of是及物动词短语，表示主动意义，主语一般是人；be used up＝run out是不及物动词短语，其主语通常是物。2．in debt负债[经典例句]　Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.On the other hand, it could just put you in debt.开始你自己的事业可能是一种获得经济独立的方法。另一方面，它可能将你置于债务之中。(be) in debt　　　　　 欠债；负债(表状态)run/get/fall into debt   欠债；负债(表动作)(be) out of debt   不欠债(表状态)be in one’s debt＝be in debt to sb. 欠某人的债/人情/恩情(表状态)pay off one’s debts   还清债务(表动作)  ①He was_in_debt when he was poor, but he has been out_of_debt since he got rich.他穷的时候欠了债，但自从富裕后就摆脱了债务。②The couple worked hard day and night in order to pay_off_all_their_debts.为了还清所有的债务，这对夫妇夜以继日地拼命干活。3．Born_in_a_poor_family of the Tibetan minority in Sichuan, Rang Ying said she had to drop out of school twice because of poverty.让英出生于四川省一户贫困的藏族人家，她说她曾经两次因为贫困辍学。Born in a poor family为过去分词短语作状语，表示原因。过去分词在句中作状语时，和句子的主语是被动关系，在句中可以作时间、条件、原因、方式、让步及伴随状语。①Used (use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.(表条件)如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以够用六周。②Tired (tire) of working for over ten hours a day, he wants to quit the job.(表原因)厌倦了一天工作十多个小时，他想辞职。Ⅰ.基础点全练1．单句语法填空/补全句子①Our products command a good market both at home and abroad.②More highways have been built in China, making (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.③Most of the people invited (invite) to the conference were my old friends.④I have used up my paper, so I must buy some more.⑤He searched the room carefully, only to_find (find) nothing.⑥He worked hard and he ended up gaining a place in/at his field.⑦I dream_of (梦想) travelling all over the world to satisfy my curiosity in future.⑧After several rounds of competition, the little girl stood_out (突出) because of her excellent spoken English.2．运用所学短语完成片段Football, which is a very interesting game, is played ①all_over (遍及) the world.If you ②cry_for (恳求) watching the national football match, perhaps you should wear a suit of particular clothing now.③Thousands_of (数以千计的) fans ④home_and_abroad (国内外) will be present cheering.Almost all the seats will be taken up then.Some volunteers will ⑤stand_out (显眼，突出) in the stadium, serving the match.I believe their efforts will ⑥pay_off (得到好结果)．Ⅱ.重难点多练debt相关短语全接触补全句子①工厂倒闭后这个人负债累累。The man ran/got/fell_into_debt after his factory broke down.②你救了我的命，我永远感恩不尽。You saved my life; I would be forever in_your_debt/in_debt_to_you.③他不希望由于餐馆不再受欢迎而负债。He did not look forward to being_in_debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.  [单元语基落实]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The manager demanded that the workers (should)_work (work) extra hours to complete the task ahead of time.2．If you want to contribute to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)3．The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing (bathe) the mountain in golden light.4．To assist the students to_learn (learn) Chinese better, our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.(2015·天津高考书面表达)5．He used his influential (influence) friends to help him get into the civil service by the back door.6．Bearing (bear) a heavy burden, she has to work hard to bring up her children.7．Hangzhou, known  (know) to the nation for its West Lake, has changed greatly.8．I used to be (be) a very self­centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed.9．You’ll have to pay off your old loan before being allowed a new one.10.  Ordered (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016·北京高考单选)Ⅱ.单句改错1．The new road sign is easy to read; the words on it stand for well.for→out2．It is said that yoga is great benefit to human health.great前加of3．Thousand of families were killed and many children were left without parents.Thousand→Thousands_4．He demanded that the door must be locked at once.must→should或去掉must5．Offering a lift on her way, Jenny finally managed to get to the station in time.Offering→OfferedⅢ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练(一)依据提示补全短文There are many famous people all_over (遍及) the world.Some amazing people stand_out (突出) in some academic researches home_and_abroad (国内外)．①They have created many new things and they made our world better through their thoughts and actions.For example, Bill Gates has had a great effect on computer technology, which helps us a lot.It was Beethoven who created wonderful music for us.②Yuan Longping, who is called “Father of Hybrid Rice”， has offered to do the research on growth of a better rice breed.Though (As/Since/Though) they are of different times and nationalities, what they have in common is that they have_contributed_a_lot_to (对……贡献大) the world in their fields.If you dream_of  (梦想) being a scientist, you must participate in all kinds of practical researches.So long as you cry_for (迫切需要) making progress, I believe your efforts will pay_off (得到好结果) one day.(二)按要求将词汇句式升级1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分(1)effect→influence(2)helps→benefits(3)offered→volunteered(4)growth→development2．按要求改写句式(1)用现在分词短语作结果状语改写句①They_have_created_many_new_things,_making_our_world_better_through_their_thoughts_and_actions.(2)用过去分词作定语改写句②Yuan_Longping,_called_“Father_of_Hybrid_Rice”，_has_offered_to_do_the_research_on_growth_of_a_better_rice_breed.