广东省鹤山市鹤华中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末模拟考试英语试卷 （原卷版+解析版）

这是一份广东省鹤山市鹤华中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末模拟考试英语试卷 （原卷版+解析版），文件包含广东省鹤山市鹤华中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末模拟考试英语试卷原卷版docx、广东省鹤山市鹤华中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末模拟考试英语试卷解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共36页， 欢迎下载使用。
第一节：单项选择(共 10 题，每题 1 分，满分 10 分)
1. Unfrtunately, when I drpped in, Dctr Li _____ fr Beijing t jin in the fight against H1N1, s we nly had time fr a few wrds.
A. just leftB. has just leftC. is just leavingD. was just leaving
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当我去看他时，李医生正要去北京参加抗击H1N1，所以我们只有时间说几句话。此句中并列句和从句用了一般过去时，主句要用过去时态，由并列句可知我和李医生有过谈话，故李医生是正要出发去北京，趋向动词leave用进行时表示将来，设空处填过去进行时。故选D。
2. He hasn’t cme yet. What d yu cnsider ______ t him?
A. happensB. has happenedC. happeningD. t happen
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：他还没来。你认为他出了什么事？d yu cnsider是插入语，结合“He hasn’t cme yet.”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，主语What表示单数意义，助动词用has，故选B。
3. ______ is knwn t us all is that China has launched Shenzhu V spaceship successfully.
A. ThatB. WhatC. ItD. As
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：众所周知，中国已经成功发射了神舟五号宇宙飞船。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用what引导，故选B。
4. ______ the Atlantic Ocean crsses the equatr, the trade winds cause a flw f water t the west.
A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. Thugh
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：在大西洋穿过赤道的地方，信风使水向西流动。A. That那个；B. When当……时；C. Where哪里；D. Thugh尽管。空处引导地点状语从句，使用where引导，表示“在……的地方”，故选C。
5. It’s impssible fr all the peple t get jbs because ______f them is nt fit fr them.
A. every neB. all
C. nt allD. nne
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】考查部分否定和不定代词。
【详解】句意：所有的人都找到工作是不可能的，因为并不是所有的人都适合这些工作。此处all f them are nt fit fr them.是部分否定，意为：并不是所有的人都适合这些工作。故选B。
【点睛】英语中的部分否定有如下一些表示方法：1、all 的否定式：nt all…（或：all…nt）表示“并非都……”、“不是所有的都……”；2、bth 的否定式：nt…bth (或：bth… nt) “并非两个……都……”；3、every…的否定式：nt every…“不是每……都……”。
6. —When will yu leave fr Paris fr a visit?
— ______ next mnth.
A. UntilB. AfterC. AtD. In
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：——你什么时候动身去巴黎游玩？——下个月以后。A. Until直到；B. After在……之后；C. At在具体的时刻；D. In在某一段时间内。此处next mnth是时间点，不是时间段，“after+时间点”可用于将来时，表示某一特定时间之后。此处如果不用介词，则表示“下个月”；用after，则表示“下个月以后”，until在肯定句中要与延续性动词连用。故选B。
7. The tw ld sisters, ________s lng, held each ther and burst int tears.
A. being separatedB. was separatedC. having been separatedD. had been separated
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：两个老姐妹分开这么久了，抱在一起哭了起来。本句已有谓语动词held和burst int且无连词，动词separate用非谓语形式，separate动作发生在谓语动词held和burst int之前，逻辑主语The tw ld sisters与动词separate是被动关系，用现在分词完成式的被动having been dne作状语。故选C项。
8. Never ______ frget the days when______ tgether with yu.
A. shall I; I livedB. shall I; did I liveC. I shall; I livedD. I shall; did I live
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意：我永远不会忘记和你一起度过的那些日子。表示否定意义的副词位于句首，句子要用部分倒装，所以选项C、D可以排除。when引导的是定语从句，修饰the days，无需倒装，且从句中的动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。故选A。
9. Why didn’t yu tell me there was n meeting tday? I__________all the way here________the heavy snw.
A. needn’t have driven; thrughB. didn’t need t drive; thrugh
C. mustn’t have driven; thrughD. culdn’t have driven; thrugh
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词及固定短语。句意：你为什么不告诉我今天没有会议呢？我本不必要冒着大雪一路开车来这里的。分析句意，此处考查对过去的猜测，可用情态动词+have dne表示。needn’t have dne 译为“本不必要做却…”; culdn’t have dne 译为“过去不可能做”。mustn’t have dne格式不对，应为must have dne 译为“过于一定做了某事”。根据前面的“抱怨”可知，我本不必要冒雪前来的。故needn’t have dne 合理。thrugh the heavy snw 译为“冒着大雪”是固定短语。thrugh 表示从物体的内部“穿过”。综合分析，故选A项。
10. It was the training _______ he had at schl _______ made him gd jumper.
A. what; whatB. that; thatC. what; thatD. that; had
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：正是在学校里得到的培训让他成为一个很好的跳高运动员。分析可知，“_______ he had at schl”为之前名词“the training”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作动词“had”的宾语，用关系代词which/that引导从句或省略引导词。同时，对于整个句子来说，若将“It was”去掉，句子成为“the training _______ he had at schl _______ made him gd jumper”，主语为“the training”，谓语动词为“made”，宾语为“him”，宾语补足语为“gd jumper”，句子成分完整，因此，该句是一个强调句，那么第二个空的应是“that”与前面的“It was”构成强调句型“It was+被强调部分+that+其他”。故选B项。
第二节：完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
Mre than 200 peple were killed and 900 thers injured in a majr accident Friday evening invlving three trains in the eastern Indian state f Odisha, fficials said n Saturday.
At least 233 peple ___11___ and abut 900 were injured in the ___12___, and the number f death is ___13___ t increase further.
Accrding t fficials, the Crmandel Express, which runs frm Klkata t Chennai, hit the Yashwantpur-Hwrah Express, which derailed (脱轨). A carg train was als said t be ___14___ in the accident.
Officials said the ___15___ f the cllisin was s ___16___ that carriages f the tw trains climbed atp each ther, ___17___ deaths and injuries t passengers. A large number f passengers were ___18___ inside the derailed caches.
___19___ after the accident, rescue teams, health fficials, plice, and fire services rushed t the ___20___. A large crwd f lcals ___21___ reached the spt t help the injured.
All the health facilities nearby were ___22___ alert. Meanwhile the injured were ___23___ t the hspital thrughut the night.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Mdi has ___24___ grief ver the ___25___ f lives in the accident and cndlences (吊唁) are puring in frm varius quarters.
11.
A. recveredB. diedC. attendedD. failed
12.
A. cntentB. curseC. accidentD. psitin
13.
A. pleasantB. prudC. likelyD. similar
14.
A. invlvedB. visitedC. interestedD. required
15.
A. slutinB. impactC. expressinD. struggle
16.
A. luckyB. largeC. wrdsD. severe
17.
A. clningB. savingC. raisingD. causing
18.
A. beliefB. trappedC. luckD. cncern
19.
A. UndubtedlyB. GraduallyC. ImmediatelyD. Secretly
20.
A. sptB. lcatinC. statinD. hspital
21.
A. besidesB. alsC. hweverD. therefre
22.
A. put nB. put upC. put utD. put ff
23.
A. admittedB. addictedC. devtedD. applied
24.
A. rewardB. persuadeC. expressedD. inspire
25.
A. mttB. remarkC. lessnD. lss
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. D 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章主要报道了印度东部奥里萨邦发生三列火车相撞的重大事故。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在此次事故中，至少有233人死亡，900多人受伤，预计死亡人数将进一步增加。A. recvered恢复；B. died死亡；C. attended参加，出席；D. failed失败。根据文章首句“Mre than 200 peple were killed”可知，至少有233人死亡，故选B。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. cntent内容；B. curse课程；C. accident事故；D. psitin位置，职位。根据文章首句中“in a majr accident”可知，此处指这起事故，故选C。
【13题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. pleasant令人愉快的；B. prud自豪的；C. likely可能的；D. similar相似的。根据语境及空后“t increase further”可知，死亡人数可能会进一步增加，be likely t“可能”，故选C。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：据称，一列货运列车也卷入了事故。A. invlved涉及，包含，牵涉；B. visited参观，拜访；C. interested使感兴趣；D. required需要，要求。根据第一段中“in a majr accident Friday evening invlving three trains”可知，事故涉及三辆火车，故选A。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有关官员说，相撞的影响非常严重，两列火车的车厢互相攀上，造成乘客伤亡。A. slutin解决办法；B. impact影响；C. expressin表达；D. struggle奋斗。结合“carriages f the tw trains climbed atp each ther, ___7___ deaths and injuries t passengers”可知，此处是说该事故造成的影响，故选B。
【16题详解】
考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. lucky幸运的；B. large大的；C. wrds话语；D. severe严重的。根据“carriages f the tw trains climbed atp each ther, ___7___ deaths and injuries t passengers”可知，事故影响非常严重，故选D。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. clning克隆；B. saving挽救；C. raising提高；D. causing引起，导致。根据前面的“the ___5___ f the cllisin”以及空后“deaths and injuries t passengers”可知，此处指撞车造成死伤，故选D。
【18题详解】
考查名词和动词词义辨析。句意：大量乘客被困在脱轨的车厢里。A. belief信念；B. trapped困住；C. luck运气；D. cncern担心。结合语境及空后“inside the derailed caches”可知，发生交通事故，应是被困在脱轨的车厢里，故选B。
【19题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事故发生后，救援队、卫生官员、警察和消防部门立即赶到现场。A. Undubtedly毫无疑问地；B. Gradually逐渐地；C. Immediately立即；D. Secretly秘密地。结合语境及“rushed t”可知，各方应是在事故发生后立即赶赴救援，故选C。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. spt地点，场所；B. lcatin位置，定位；C. statin车站；D. hspital医院。根据下文“reached the spt”可知，此处是词汇复现，故选A。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一大群当地人也赶到现场帮助伤者。A. besides此外；B. als也；C. hwever然而；D. therefre因此。上文“rescue teams, health fficials, plice, and fire services rushed t the ___10___”提到救援队、卫生官员、警察和消防部门立即赶到现场，所以此处是说一大群当地人也赶到现场，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：附近的所有医疗机构都进入了警戒状态。A. put n穿上，上演；B. put up建造，搭起；C. put ut熄灭，扑灭；D. put ff推迟。结合语境及空后的“alert”可知，发生严重事故，医疗机构应是进入警戒状态，be put n alert“处于警戒状态”，固定短语，故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，伤者整晚都被送进医院。A. admitted承认，接收入院；B. addicted沉迷于；C. devted致力于；D. applied运用，申请。结合空前的“the injured”以及空后“t the hspital”可知，伤者应是被送往医院，be admitted t hspital“被接收入院”，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：印度总理Narendra Mdi对在事故中丧生的人表示悲痛，各界纷纷表示哀悼。A. reward奖励；B. persuade说服；C. expressed表达；D. inspire鼓舞。结合空后“grief ver the ___15___ f lives”可知，总理表达了自己的悲痛，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. mtt座右铭；B. remark言论，评论；C. lessn功课，教训；D. lss失去，去世。结合“grief”以及空后“cndlences (吊唁)”可知，此处指对逝者表示悲痛，各界纷纷哀悼，故选D。
第三节：阅读理解(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)
A
Fictin can be a pwerful tl fr helping individuals make sense f the real wrld. Science fictin is n different. In light f that, we have runded up sme f the best sci-fi nvels f all time.
Dune
- Authr: Frank Herbert
- Date published: 1965
One f the mst belved sci-fi nvels f all time, Dune received a theatrical release in 2020. It was nt the first time the cming-f-age stry abut a yung man wh must fight fr his wn life as well as the existence f his planet hit the big screen.
The War f the Wrlds
- Authr: H.G. Wells
- Date published: 1898
The father f science fictin, H.G Wells, wrte this nvel, in which a grup f aliens (外星人) attacks Earth, destrying everything in their path. When the nvel was first turned int radi bradcast in 1938, it caused public panic as many listeners didn’t realize it was fictin.
The Giver
- Authr: Lis Lwry
- Date published: 1993
Arguably the mst widely read science fictin nvel, The Giver fllws a yung man named Jnas, wh is set t becme the Receiver f Memry within his sciety. As his training gets underway, he begins t realize that the sciety he is in may nt be all that perfect.
The Three-Bdy Prblem
- Authr: Liu Cixin
- Date published: 2006
Liu Cixin is ne f China’s mst belved science fictin authrs, and The Three-Bdy Prblem marks English-speaking readers’ first pprtunity t engage with his wrk. In the bk, a grup f aliens plan t ccupy Earth. On Earth, sme humans plan t side with the aliens and thers plan t fight back.
26. Wh is the father f science fictin?
A. Frank Herbert.B. H.G. Wells.
C. Lis Lwry.D. Liu Cixin.
27. Which bk was written by a Chinese?
A. Dune.B. The Giver.
C. The War f the Wrlds.D. The Three-Bdy Prblem.
28. What d the fur bks have in cmmn?
A. They help readers t understand the wrld.
B. They taught yung peple t fight fr life.
C. They were all published in the 90s.
D. They are all abut aliens.
【答案】26 B 27. D 28. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有史以来最好的四本科幻小说。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据The War f the Wrlds中的“The father f science fictin, H.G Wells, wrte this nvel, in which a grup f aliens (外星人) attacks Earth, destrying everything in their path.( 科幻小说之父H.G Wells写了这部小说，讲述了一群外星人袭击地球，摧毁了他们所到之处的一切。)”可知，H.G Wells是科幻小说之父。故选B。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Three-Bdy Prblem中的“Liu Cixin is ne f China’s mst belved science fictin authrs, and The Three-Bdy Prblem marks English-speaking readers’ first pprtunity t engage with his wrk. (刘慈欣是中国最受欢迎的科幻小说作家之一，《三体》标志着英语读者第一次有机会接触到他的作品。)”可知，科幻小说《三体》是中国人写的。故选D。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Fictin can be a pwerful tl fr helping individuals make sense f the real wrld. (小说可以是帮助个人理解现实世界的强大工具。)”可知，这四本书共同点是帮助读者了解世界。故选A。
B
Mre than 80% f adlescents wrldwide are nt active enugh, putting their health at risk by sitting fcused n a screen rather than running abut, say Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO) researchers
The prprtin f inadequate active girls in 27 cuntries rse t mre than 90% in 2016, the latest year fr which figures are available. There was a significant gender gap. Girls lag behind bys in physical activity, in all but fur cuntries- Afghanistan, Sama, Tnga and Zambia.
The WHO says the situatin is serius and that urgent actin must be taken t get adlescents mving, with inactivity psing a great threat t their current and future health. Physical activity is imprtant t the develpment f bne, muscular strength, and heart and lung health. It helps yung peple avid besity, heart disease, cancers and diabetes (糖尿病) . There is grwing evidence that it helps cgnitive (认知的) develpment.
“This is nt the gd start in life that we wuld want fr ur children and adlescents,” said Bull.“The data are wrrying fr all-parents, the cmmunity and the health system.”
Althugh schls prvide sprts, they are ften under pressure. But Bull said cmmunities and sprting assciatins can help, and twns can be better planned t encurage active living. Parental encuragement and prviding a rle mdel is als valuable.
Besides, a culture change is required, accrding t the WHO glbal actin plan n physical activity, because there are disadvantages and unintended cnsequences t the use f digital media. It invlves excessive (过度的) amunts f time spent n phnes, laptps and gaming devices. The electrnic revlutin has fundamentally transfrmed peple’s mvement patterns by changing where and hw they live, learn, wrk, play and travel. Gradually and eventually, it islates peple indrs.
29. Why d s many adlescents have healthy prblems?
A. They are nt active enugh.B. They like t run abut.
C. They are used t sitting.D. They ften risk travelling.
30. In which cuntry d less girls take part in physical activities than bys?
A. Afghanistan.B. Sama.
C. Zambia.D. China.
31 Which benefit f physical activity is still uncertain?
A. Develpment f bne.B. Muscular strength.
C. Heart and lung health.D. Cgnitive develpment.
32. What is WHO’s attitude t the use f digital media?
A. Uncncerned.B. Favrable.
C. Wrried.D. Objective.
【答案】29. A 30. D 31. D 32. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了目前青少年的生命健康的现状、运动的好处和数字媒体对青少年的不利影响。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Mre than 80% f adlescents wrldwide are nt active enugh, putting their health at risk by sitting fcused n a screen rather than running abut, say Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO) researchers（世界卫生组织(WHO)的研究人员称，全球超过80%的青少年没有足够的活动，整天盯着屏幕而不是跑来跑去，给他们的健康带来了风险）”可知，这么多青少年有健康问题的原因是他们的活动不够。故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Girls lag behind bys in physical activity, in all but fur cuntries- Afghanistan, Sama, Tnga and Zambia.（除了阿富汗、萨摩亚、汤加和赞比亚这四个国家外，其他国家的女孩在体育活动方面都落后于男孩）”可知，利用排除法，在中国，女孩参加体育活动比男孩少。故选D。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Physical activity is imprtant t the develpment f bne, muscular strength, and heart and lung health. It helps yung peple avid besity, heart disease, cancers and diabetes (糖尿病) . There is grwing evidence that it helps cgnitive (认知的) develpment.（体育活动对骨骼、肌肉力量和心肺健康的发展很重要。它帮助年轻人避免肥胖、心脏病、癌症和糖尿病。越来越多的证据表明它有助于认知能力的发展）”可推断，体育活动对认知发展的好处仍然不确定。故选D。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Besides, a culture change is required, accrding t the WHO glbal actin plan n physical activity, because there are disadvantages and unintended cnsequences t the use f digital media.（此外，根据世界卫生组织关于体育活动的全球行动计划，需要进行文化变革，因为使用数字媒体存在不利因素和意想不到的后果）”可推断，世界卫生组织对使用数字媒体持担忧态度。故选C。
C
A new experiment shws that the mre energy cnsumed by a clck, the mre accurate its timekeeping.
Clcks cnsume energy and release heat. A kitchen clck, fr example, des this by using up its battery. Generally the mst accurate clcks require the mst energy, which suggests a fundamental cnnectin between energy cnsumptin and accuracy. This is what an internatinal team f scientists frm Lancaster. Oxfrd, and Vienna set ut t test.
T d this, they built a particularly simple clck, cnsisting f a super-thin membrane (薄膜), cmbined with an electrnic circuit. Each vibratin (振动) f the membrane generated ne electrical tick (滴答). The inventive aspect f this design is that it is pwered simply by heating the membrane, while the cmplete flw f energy thrugh the clck can be measured electrically.
The scientists fund that the mre heat they supplied, the mre accurately the clck ran. In fact, the accuracy was directly relative t the heat released. T make the clck twice as accurate, they needed t supply twice as much heat.
The experiment shws a similarity between the peratin f a clck and a steam engine. With a steam engine there is fundamental restrictin n hw much heat we must supply t d a desired amunt f wrk. This restrictin is the famus Secnd Law f Thermdynamics (热力学) which is central t mdern engineering. What this experiment suggests is that clcks, like engines, are restricted by the Secnd Law, with their utput being accurate ticks instead f mechanical wrk.
Dr Edward Laird f Lancaster University said: “This experiment suggests that clcks are als restricted by thermdynamics. It als pses an interesting questin: are all pssible clcks limited in this way, r is it just a characteristic f the nes we have studied?”
Interestingly, many everyday clcks have an efficiency that is clse t what the scientists’ analysis predicts. Fr example, their analysis predicts that a wristwatch whse accuracy per tick is ne part in ten millin must cnsume at least a micrwatt f pwer. In fact, a basic wristwatch usually cnsumes nly a few times this amunt. The laws f thermdynamics, discvered in the nineteenth century, are still finding new applicatins tday.
33. What d the scientists want t test abut clcks?
A. Whether t restrict their heat supply.
B. Hw energy influences their accuracy.
C. Hw t make them particularly simple.
D. Whether they are similar t steam engines.
34. In what way d clcks wrk differently frm steam engines accrding t the experiment?
A. The restrictin frm the Secnd Law.
B. The law behind their peratin.
C. The accuracy f their wrk.
D. The frm f their utput.
35. What will Dr Edward Laird mst likely agree with?
A. Further studies shuld be dne.
B. Mre questins shuld be raised.
C. Restrictins n clcks shuld be lifted.
D. Suggestins f the experiment shuld be adpted.
36. What is the article mainly abut?
A. The Secnd Law f Thermdynamics.
B. The energy cnsumptin f clcks.
C. A new experiment.
D. A simple clck.
【答案】33. B 34. D 35. A 36. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项有关时钟的能量如何影响它们的准确性新实验。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The scientists fund that the mre heat they supplied, the mre accurately the clck ran. In fact, the accuracy was directly relative t the heat released.(科学家们发现，他们提供的热量越多，时钟运行得就越准确。事实上，精度直接与释放的热量有关)”可知，科学家们想要测试钟表能量如何影响它们的准确性。故选B。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“With a steam engine there is fundamental restrictin n hw much heat we must supply t d a desired amunt f wrk. This restrictin is the famus Secnd Law f Thermdynamics (热力学) which is central t mdern engineering. What this experiment suggests is that clcks, like engines, are restricted by the Secnd Law, with their utput being accurate ticks instead f mechanical wrk.(对于蒸汽机，我们必须提供多少热量来做期望的功是有基本限制的。这一限制就是著名的热力学第二定律，它对现代工程至关重要。这个实验表明，时钟就像引擎一样，受到第二定律的限制，它们的输出是精确的滴答声，而不是机械功)”可知，时钟和蒸汽机的输出形式不同。故选D。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Dr Edward Laird f Lancaster University said: “This experiment suggests that clcks are als restricted by thermdynamics. It als pses an interesting questin: are all pssible clcks limited in this way, r is it just a characteristic f the nes we have studied?”(兰开斯特大学的爱德华·莱尔德博士说:“这个实验表明，时钟也受到热力学的限制。这也提出了一个有趣的问题:是否所有可能的时钟都以这种方式受限，或者这只是我们所研究的那些时钟的特征？”)”可推断，爱德华·莱尔德博士最可能同意需要做进一步的研究。故选A。
【36题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new experiment shws that the mre energy cnsumed by a clck, the mre accurate its timekeeping.(一项新的实验表明，一个时钟消耗的能量越多，它的计时就越准确)”及全文可知，本文主要介绍的是一项新的实验的过程和结果。故选C。
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
An imprtant part f raising yur children is teaching them gd manners as it helps them be mre successful in life. ____37____Here are sme “ld-fashined” but imprtant manners fr yur mdern kids.
Saying “thank yu” t service wrkers
Saying “thank yu” is the base f all gd manners but these days many children verlk thanking the peple that help them in many little ways each day, like wait staff, stre clerks, and bus drivers. It’s nt just abut pliteness but abut teaching children t recgnize and acknwledge thers’ cntributins as valuable. ____38____
Taking turns talking
Teach yur children t tuch yur arm and then wait patiently fr yu t acknwledge(理会)them befre speaking. If they d interrupt, calmly tell them it’s rude t interrupt and let them knw yu’ll acknwledge them shrtly. ____39____Offer yur children the same pliteness and dn’t interrupt them when it’s their turn t talk.
Using their indr vices
____40____ A parent shuld teach their children early n hw t mderate(使适中)their vlume and tne based n the situatin. Yu can make it int a fun game fr little nes, like seeing wh can whisper the quietest at a cinema.
Cvering a cugh r sneeze
These days it’s mre imprtant than ever t teach children t cugh r sneeze int a tissue r their elbw. It’s nt just a matter f hygiene(卫生)——n ne enjys getting sprayed. ____41____ Dn’t frget t teach them t say “excuse me” after.
A. Remember it ges bth ways.
B. Therefre it makes thers feel cared abut.
C. Games are very imprtant fr children’s gd manners.
D. Crying, laughing, r just talking, children can be very lud.
E. Lacking basic manners will affect kids in all areas f their lives.
F. It is als a way t help thers feel safe and cmfrtable arund yu.
G. Eventually it’s abut teaching them nt t treat thers as their servants.
【答案】37. E 38. G 39. A 40. D 41. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了要教给孩子一些文明举止。
【37题详解】
根据上句“An imprtant part f raising yur children is teaching them gd manners as it helps them be mre successful in life.(教养孩子的一个重要部分是教他们良好的举止，因为这有助于他们在生活中更成功。)”说的是需要培养孩子的言行举止，下文“Here are sme “ld-fashined” but imprtant manners fr yur mdem kids.(这里有一些传统但对你的现代孩子来说很重要的礼仪。)”说的是培养的建议，从逻辑上说空处肯定还在谈言行的重要性或者不培养后果。选项E“Lacking basic manners will affect kids in all areas f their lives.(缺乏基本礼仪会影响孩子生活的方方面面。)”符合上下文内容。故选E。
【38题详解】
根据上文“It’s nt just abut pliteness but abut teaching children t recgnize and acknwledge thers’ cntributins as valuable.(这不仅仅是关于礼貌，而且是关于教孩子认识和承认别人的贡献是有价值的。)”可知，要教育孩子感激别人的付出，认可别人的劳动成果，不要把劳动者的劳动视作理所当然。选项G“Eventually it’s abut teaching them nt t treat thers as their servants. (最终，它教会他们不要把别人当作自己的仆人。)”与上文内容一致，教育孩子感激别人的劳动，不要把别人当作自己的仆人。故选G。
【39题详解】
根据上文“If they d interrupt, calmly tell them it’s rude t interrupt and let them knw yu’ll acknwledge them shrtly. (如果他们打断了你，冷静地告诉他们打断是不礼貌的，并让他们知道你很快就会回复他们。)”可知，这是教育孩子要尊重大人的发言；而下文“Offer yur children the same pliteness and dn’t interrupt them when it’s their turn t talk.(给你的孩子同样的礼貌，当他们说话的时候不要打断他们。)”则讲述的是大人也要同样尊重孩子的发言。引出，空处指的是尊重是双向的。选项A“Remember it ges bth ways. (记住，这是双向的。)”承上启下。故选A。
【40题详解】
根据下文“A parent shuld teach their children early n hw t mderate(使适中)their vlume and tne based n the situatin. Yu can make it int a fun game fr little nes, like seeing wh can whisper the quietest at a cinema.(父母应该尽早教孩子如何根据情况调节音量和音调。你可以把它变成一个有趣的游戏给小孩子玩，就像在电影院看谁说话最小声一样。)”可知，父母应该教会孩子在适当的场合控制音量。选项D“Crying, laughing, r just talking, children can be very lud.(哭泣，大笑，或者只是说话，孩子们可以很大声。)”引出下文父母之所以要这样做的原因。故选D。
【41题详解】
根据上文“These days it’s mre imprtant than ever t teach children t cugh r sneeze int a tissue r their elbw. It’s nt just a matter f hygiene(卫生)——n ne enjys getting sprayed.(如今，教孩子对着纸巾或手肘咳嗽或打喷嚏比以往任何时候都重要。这不仅仅是卫生问题——没有人喜欢被溅射。)”可知，作者建议父母教育孩子养成良好的卫生习惯。选项F“It is als a way t help thers feel safe and cmfrtable arund yu.(这也是一种让和你在一起的人感到安全和舒适的方式。)”延续上文内容，讲述了这样的习惯会让周围的人感到安全舒适。故选F。
第二部分 主观题(共 33 题，满分 75 分)
第一节 语法填空(共 10 小题，每题 1. 5 分，满分 15 分)
语法填空
Giant panda Ya Ya arrived at Shanghai Pudng Internatinal Airprt n Thursday frm Memphis, Tennessee.
Ya Ya returned ___42___ China frm the United States after a 20-year lan fr a jint research and cnservatin prject, accrding t the Natinal Frestry and Grassland Administratin.
In December, the Memphis Z ___43___(annunce) that it wuld return Ya Ya, wh arrived in the US in 2003.
The z hsted a farewell party fr the 23-year-ld female panda n April 8, with hundreds f peple ___44___(attend) the event, Xinhua News Agency reprted.
In January, Chinese netizens shwed their cncern fr Ya Ya, wh appeared smewhat malnurished (营养不良) in pictures and vides ___45___(pst).
In ___46___(respnd), the Chinese Assciatin f Zlgical Gardens said in ___47___ annuncement that the z had taken gd care f her, and there is n indicatin that she was neglected, based n vides f her and the results f ___48___(mnth) health reprts and annual physical examinatins.
In 2006, Ya Ya began t shed fur, a cnditin ___49___ wrsened in 2014. ___50___(expert) at the Memphis Z and in China tried varius frms f treatment but were ___51___(able) t reslve the prblem, the assciatin said.
【答案】42. t 43. annunced
44. attending
45. psted 46. respnse
47. an 48. mnthly
49. that##which
50. Experts
51. unable
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章主要报道了旅美大熊猫丫丫返回中国。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：国家林业和草原局表示，“丫丫”从美国返回中国，此前它得到了一笔为期20年的贷款，用于一个联合研究和保护项目。return t“回到”，固定短语，故填t。
【43题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：去年12月，孟菲斯动物园宣布将把2003年来到美国的“丫丫”送回美国。根据时间状语in 2003可知是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填annunced。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：据新华社报道，4月8日，动物园为这只23岁的雌性熊猫举办了一场告别会，数百人参加了这次活动。attend和宾语hundreds f peple之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作宾补，故填attending。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：今年1月，中国网民对雅雅表示了关注，在发布的照片和视频中，丫丫显得有些营养不良。动词pst和pictures and vides之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填psted。
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：作为回应，中国动物园协会在一份声明中表示，动物园对她照顾得很好，从她的视频、月度健康报告和年度体检结果来看，没有迹象表明她被忽视了。in respnse“作为回应”，固定短语，故填respnse。
【47题详解】
考查冠词。句意同上。annuncement用作可数名词，此处泛指“一份声明”，应用不定冠词，且annuncement是以元音音素开头，故填an。
【48题详解】
考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词短语health reprts应用形容词作定语，故填mnthly。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：2006年，丫丫开始掉毛，2014年情况进一步恶化。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是cnditin，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导，故填that/which。
【50题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：该协会表示，孟菲斯动物园和中国的专家尝试了各种治疗方法，但都无法解决这个问题。expert是可数名词，由at the Memphis Z and in China可知此处应用复数形式，故填Experts。
【51题详解】
考查形容词。句意同上。结合but可知，此处指“但都无法解决这个问题”，unable“不能的”，形容词，作表语。故填unable。
第二节 课文填空(共 10 小题，每题 1 分，满分 10 分)
下列文段直接来自所学课文。请根据课文内容，填入符合课文含义的词，使文段意思完整。
In ancient times, silk frm China fund its way verland t India, the Middle East and Rme, alng what became knwn as the Silk Rad. A trading rute acrss the sea was als ___52___ alng the casts f the Indian Ocean centred arund Ceyln (nw Sri Lanka). Here, merchants frm China and many ther places met t ___53___ trade deals, which als led t mre ___54___ f each ther’s cultures. Over the centuries, further trading allwed mre explratin f the regins t the west f China, as ___55___ in Du Huan’s Recrd f My Travels in the eighth century.
Later, the Ming Dynasty further ___56___ relatins with these regins. Between 1405 and1433, seven large fleets sailed west n vyages f trade and explratin. These fleets were a sight t behld and were in a league f their wn at that time. Under the ___57___ f Zheng He, they set sail frm the Suth China Sea acrss the Indian Ocean t the muth f the Red Sea, and then t the east cast f Africa. African ___58___ families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures f friendship in ___59___ fr gld, silk, and spices. Althugh China ___60___ frm further expeditins after 1433, these land and sea rutes remained ____61____ channels between ther cultures fr centuries.
【答案】52. extended
53. negtiate
54. awareness
55. recrded
56. develped
57. cmmand
58. ryal 59. return
60. withdrew
61. active
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了中国丝绸之路的历史和发展。
【52题详解】
考查动词。句意：以锡兰（现在的斯里兰卡）为中心，沿着印度洋海岸延伸了一条跨海贸易路线。根据课文内容以及前后文语境可知应填动词extend，与主语构成被动关系，根据上文was可知为一般过去时的被动语态，故填extended。
【53题详解】
考查动词。句意：在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚集在一起谈判贸易协议，这也使人们对彼此的文化有了更多的了解。根据课文内容以及前后文语境可知应填动词negtiate，表示“谈判”，此处为不定式作目的状语。故填negtiate。
【54题详解】
考查名词。句意：在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚集在一起谈判贸易协议，这也使人们对彼此的文化有了更多的了解。根据课文内容以及前后文语境可知应填名词awareness，表示“了解，认识”，作宾语，不可数。故填awareness。
【55题详解】
考查动词。句意：正如8世纪杜欢的《游记》所记载的那样，几个世纪以来，进一步的贸易使人们对中国西部地区进行了更多的探索。根据课文内容以及前后文语境可知应填动词recrd，表示“记载”，此处为状语从句的省略，主语与谓语构成被动关系，故填过去分词。故填recrded。
【56题详解】
考查动词。句意：后来，明朝进一步发展了与这些地区关系。根据课文内容以及前后文语境可知应填动词develp，表示“发展”，根据上文the Ming Dynasty可知为一般过去时。故填develped。
【57题详解】
考查名词。句意：在郑和的指挥下，他们从中国南海出发，穿过印度洋到达红海口，然后到达非洲东海岸。根据课文内容以及前后文语境可知应填名词cmmand，表示“指挥”，作宾语。故填cmmand。
【58题详解】
考查形容词。句意：非洲王室用长颈鹿等礼物作为友谊的表示，以换取黄金、丝绸和香料。根据课文内容以及前后文语境可知应填形容词ryal，表示“王室的”，作定语。故填ryal。
【59题详解】
考查名词。句意：非洲王室用长颈鹿等礼物作为友谊的表示，以换取黄金、丝绸和香料。根据课文内容以及前后文语境可知应填名词return，作宾语，in return fr表示“换取”。故填return。
【60题详解】
考查动词。句意：尽管中国在1433年后退出了进一步的探险，但这些陆地和海上航线在几个世纪以来一直是其他文化之间活跃的通道。根据课文内容以及前后文语境可知应填动词withdraw，表示“退出”，根据后文after 1433可知为一般过去时。故填withdrew。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意：尽管中国在1433年后退出了进一步的探险，但这些陆地和海上航线在几个世纪以来一直是其他文化之间活跃的通道。根据课文内容以及前后文语境可知应填形容词active，作表语，表示“活跃”。故填active。

第三节 单词或词组拼写(共 20 个空格，每个空格 0.5 分，满分 10 分)
阅读下列句子。根据首字母及中文提示，拼写出单词或词组。请把单词或词组完整写出。
62. Yuan Shikai, a famus plitician, was g___________ fr pwer.(贪图) (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】greedy##reedy
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：著名的政治家袁世凯贪图权力。空格处位于be动词之后，因此需要填入形容词作表语，根据中英文提示可知，greedy“贪婪的”，形容词，be greedy fr意为“贪图，渴望”。故填greedy。
63. In sme cases peple have had t wait several weeks fr an a_______________. (预约) (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】appintment##ppintment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在某些情况下，人们不得不等上几个星期才能预约。根据中英文提示可知应用名词appintment，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填appintment。
64. After the earthquake, peple had lst their hmes and all their p___________.(财产) (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】pssessins##ssessins
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：地震后，人们失去了家园和所有财产。根据中英文提示可知，pssessin“财产”，可数名词，由all可知应用复数形式，作宾语，故填pssessins。
65. I was impressed by him that he was s hnest and s________________.(坦率的) (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】straightfrward##traightfrward
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的诚实和直率给我留下了深刻的印象。根据中英文提示可知应用形容词straightfrward，作表语。故填straightfrward。
66. The c__________ is intended t educate the public t respect the envirnment.(运动) (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】campaign##ampaign
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这项运动旨在教育公众尊重环境。根据中英文提示可知应用名词campaign，作主语，结合后文is可知为单数。故填campaign。
67. Yu may nt be q____________ this jb if yu can’t speak Chinese fluently. (胜任) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】qualified fr##ualified fr
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：如果你不能说流利的中文，你可能不能胜任这份工作。根据中英文提示可知短语为be qualified fr。故填qualified fr。
68. Please allw me t thank yu fr yur ffer ______ my clleagues.(代表) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】n behalf f##n behalf f
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：请允许我代表我的同事对您的提议表示感谢。根据中英文提示可知短语为n behalf f，故填n behalf f。
69. The educatin levels fr Chineses wrkers are als s_______ that in India.(优于) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】superir t
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：中国工人的教育水平也优于印度工人。根据汉语提示可知，be superir t“优于”，superir为形容词作表语，故填superir t。
70. There’s n reasn fr yu t t_____________ this suggestin. (拒绝) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】turn dwn##urn dwn
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：你没有理由拒绝这个建议。根据汉语提示可知，turn dwn“拒绝”，空前的t是不定式符号，后接动词原形，故填turn dwn。
71. She has great stage presence, n_____________ a lvely vice. (更不用说) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】nt t mentin##t t mentin
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：她有出色的舞台表现力，更不用说她那悦耳的嗓音了。根据中英文提示可知短语为nt t mentin，故填nt t mentin。
72. We need t discuss the p__________ f this methd.(好处与坏处) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】prs and cns##rs and cns
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。句意：我们需要讨论一下这种方法的利弊。根据中英文提示可知短语为prs and cns，故填prs and cns。

第四节 写作(共2题，满分 40 分)
一、 应用文写作(满分 15 分)
73. 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack发来邮件，想了解中国茶文化常识。现在请你给他回封 邮件，内容包括：
1. 中国茶文化简介（四千多年历史，饮茶是一种休闲方式）；
2. 饮茶的好处；
3. 邀请他来中国体验茶文化。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2. 邮件开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；
3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack,
I’m glad t hear frm yu.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jack,
I’m glad t hear frm yu. And nw I’m very happy t share smething abut Chinese tea culture in reply t yur last e-mail.
Chinese tea culture started abut 4,000 years ag and drinking tea gradually became an amazing way t relax. In China, peple drink tea almst everywhere and in mst f their spare time. Sme Chinese believe that tea benefits peple’s health a lt. Drinking a cup f tea makes peple relaxed and refreshed. Others treat guests r friends t tea drinking in scial cmmunicatin.
Prbably, yu’ve gt a general picture f tea culture after my intrductin. Then, hw abut cming t China t experience it yurself? Maybe, yu will fall in lve with it.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给朋友Jack回信介绍中国茶文化。
【详解】第一步：审题。
体裁：邮件应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时为主。
要点：1 中国茶文化简介
2 饮茶的好处
3 邀请他来中国体验茶文化
结构布局：
第一段，听到Jack想了解中国茶文化常识，写信和他分享。
第二段，1 介绍中国茶文化：4000多年历史，饮茶是一种休闲方式。
2 饮茶的好处：对身体健康有益，而且可以放松心情。
第三段，邀请Jack来中国体验茶文化。

第二步：列重点词语，词组（注意好词的使用）
如：abundant，riginate frm，regard as，leisure，insist, benefit frm, relax neself, get rid f，make an experience等

第三步：连词成句（注意好句型的使用，如非谓语动词，复合句，注意拼写和时态问题）
如：Hearing that yu are intended t knw smething abut Chinese tea culture, I am writing t share it with yu.等

第四步：连句成篇（注意衔接词的使用）
1.表文章结构顺序：First f all, Firstly/First, Secndly/Secnd…, Finally, In the end, At last;
2.表并列补充关系：What is mre, Besides, Mrever, Furthermre, In additin, As well as, nt nly…but (als);
3.表因果关系：Because, As, S, Thus, Therefre, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡。

第五步：润色修改。
【点睛】本文内容完整，要点齐全，语言规范，词数适当，段落分布合理。作者在文中使用了宾语从句和非谓语动词结构，如“Sme Chinese believe that tea benefits peple’s health a lt.”使用了宾语从句，“drinking tea gradually became an amazing way t relax.”使用了动名词作主语，这使得文章句式更加灵活多变，为文章的表达增添色彩。
二、 读后续写(满分 25 分)
74. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两端， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mary frwned as she helped her mther and father set ut the cking supplies in the shiny steel kitchen. Her family had just mved here frm New Yrk having bught a small restaurant, which was set t pen in the next few days.
“Mving here was a stupid idea. I have lst all my friends in New Yrk. What shuld I d nw?” Mary grumbled (抱怨), mstly t herself.
“What’s that?” Her mther asked, pening a bx and lifting ut several pts. “Nthing,” Mary mumbled (嘟哝). The girl had been cmplaining abut the mve, but her parents had made the decisin and were then t busy t listen t her cmplaints.
The first few days at her new schl hadn’t been easy, either. She fund it hard t talk t peple she didn’t knw, and it seemed that the students hadn’t even nticed her. Mary sighed and gt back t wash dishes.
On the day f the grand pening, Mary’s parents were busy the whle day, welcming custmers int the restaurant, which was brightly decrated in gld and red. Even Mary was in a gd md as she rushed arund, seating guests, handing ut menus, and puring glasses f water. This was a big day fr her family.
At ne f the tables sat a family with tw daughters wh were abut Mary’s age. As she filled their glasses, Mary realized the twins were in her class. Mary ducked her head dwn. Her lng hair cvered her face, and she turned away frm the table.
A few minutes later, Mary’s mther fund her in the kitchen. “Hney, what are yu ding back here? We need yu ut frnt with the custmers.”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右;
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para. 1
“Mm, I dn’t want t be ut there!”
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para. 2
Mary put a handful f ckies int a small plate and left the kitchen.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin:
“Mm, I dn’t want t be ut there.” Mary frwned. Feeling Mary was in a bad md, her mther asked her what was wrng in a sft vice. At that mment, Mary culdn’t help puring ut her trubles, “Withut a friend, I’m islated here.” Realizing she had ignred Mary’s feelings after the mve, her mther held Mary in her arms, suggesting that she make new friends by taking actin first. “G and take them sme ckies and say hell!” The instant Mary heard that, her eyes shne with a mixture f excitement and expectatin.
Mary put a handful f ckies int a small tray and left the kitchen. Nervus as she was, she plucked up curage t apprach the table where the twins sat, placing the ckies dwn carefully. She bravely lked at the girls directly in the eyes, “Thanks s much fr cming t ur restaurant!” It was nt until the twins lked up that they recgnized her. The twins gave her a big hug. They ffered t hang ut with her and intrduce her arund t the ther guys at schl. “That wuld be awesme!”, Mary grinned.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了玛丽跟随父母搬家，失去了旧金山的所有朋友，她在新的学校没有朋友很孤独，一次在父母餐厅开业，玛丽在前台招待客人时遇到同班的双胞胎，母亲鼓励她去主动结识，最终成为朋友的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“‘妈妈，我不想出去。’”可知，第一段可描写父母打开玛丽心结。
②由第二段首句内容“玛丽把一把饼干放进一个小托盘里，然后离开了厨房。”可知，第二段可描写玛丽在母亲的鼓励下成功结交到朋友。
2.续写线索：抱怨——鼓励——紧张——结识好友
3.词汇激活
行为类
①建议：suggest/prpse
②倾诉自己的烦恼：pur ut ne’s trubles/cnfide ne’s trubles
情绪类
①紧张的：nervus/strained
②咧着嘴笑：grin/laugh frm ear t ear
【点睛】[高分句型1]: Realizing she had ignred Mary’s feelings after the mve, her mther held Mary in her arms, suggesting that she make new friends by taking actin first.（运用了现在分词作状语和省略that的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]：Nervus as she was, she plucked up curage t apprach the table where the twins sat, placing the ckies dwn carefully.（运用了as引导的让步状语从句和where引导的定语从句）
[高分句型3]：It was nt until the twins lked up that they recgnized her.（运用了强调句型）