高考英语专题总结：短文改错

这是一份高考英语专题总结：短文改错，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了高考短文改错命题规律，wishes，permitted，had，admitted ，got，arrive，needed ，passed，are等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则
高考短文改错命题特征及命题趋势
短文改错典型错词类型分析归纳
2012年高考短文改错真题实战演练
本题满分10分，给出一篇约100个单词的短文，文中有10处错误，要求考生对每个句子进行判断，如有错误即将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等方面的错误。
注意答题说明及答题规范
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加 （1-2个） 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。 删除 （1-2个） 把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。不计分。修改 （6-8个） 在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。 2、只允许修改10处，多者（丛第11处起）不计分。
纵观近年高考英语短文改错题，学生和老师都认为难度不大，然而，每年高考中还是有不少考生对此题深感头痛，主要原因是：考生的英语基础知识不扎实.考生缺乏对短文改错命题 特点的了解和做题规律方法的总结.
重视掌握基本的词汇和语法知识;  规范使用常用的词语和习语.广泛阅读，增强语感，提高语言知识运用的准确性 .做题时以句子为单位，从语篇角度把握内容,查找行文逻辑错误。错误的设置一般都是中学生写作时常出现的错误 。改错训练和书面表达训练结合。
短文中所设的错误大部分都是所谓的“语法”错误, 但是这种试题并不是单纯检测语法知识的,而是检测考生的写作能力中的校验能力。
高考短文改错涉及词汇、语法、句型结构等方面的知识和逻辑推断和综合辨析, 是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。题材以记叙文为主,题材和语言符合中学生实际;句子结构由简单句主逐渐过渡到以复合句和并列句为主。学生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错的考查的重点。
高考短文改错的难度、错误类型设置、文章长度通常不会有太大变化。考查会更加注重语用功能,取材范围将更广泛,并注重语言的综合运用能力。
What types f mistakes are usually invlved in Passage Crrecting?What is the methd f crrecting?
动词形，名词数 还要注意形和副 非谓语，细辨别 介词短语要牢记
A Limerick（五行打油诗）
代词格，细领悟 句子成分多分析 冠词连词常光顾 逻辑错误须关注
错误主要集中在动词的时态、语态，主谓一致等方面。
【2006安徽卷】Anyne can brrw bks if he r she wish. 【2006安徽卷】Yu can sit at the desk and read the daily newspapers, magazines and the ther bks, but yu are nt permit t take them ut.
【2006 NMET】 We had guests last night wh have nt stayed in a B&B htel befre.【2006天津】 Tday, I gt a letter that said I had been admitting t a cllege.【2006四川】 We hung a sign n the frnt dr that was read: “We’re having dinner ...”
【2006陕西】I’ll send my friend Charlie t meet yu at the airprt when yu arrived.【2006湖北】 ... smetimes all that is need is smene t rely n.【2007天津卷】In Grade Eight I tk physics. In ne test I get nly 36 percent f the answers crrect.
【2010四川卷】And after many attempts, she past her driving test and tld her husband that……【2010四川卷】An English lady was finally decided that she really shuld learn t drive .【2010重庆卷】After hearing yur sad stries, he will say sme wrds that is nice and warm. .
【2010陕西】 It was turned ut t be her wn cup...【2011陕西】 ... by the time I gt back, they have finished the scene and ...【2011浙江】 She knws what had happened, but she thanked me ...
【2011全国卷1 】Hwever, my father had t return t wrk n Mnday s we fly back last Saturday afternn. 【2011辽宁】 In early January this year, the rate f UFO reprts were steady.
【2011全国卷I】I hld my lunch-bx in my hand when I was ging t schl. The smell frm it was very gd 【2011重庆卷】 Katia, like many ther Russian girls, are nice and lively.
解决方案(1)  通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律 .(2)  结合语境，灵活运用时态形式 .(3)  认真推敲，准确把握主动与被动 .
【2006浙江卷】Yur knwledges f English can help the whle class.【2006陕西卷】 The library has all kinds f bk. I’m sure yu will find ne yu like.
名词爱考数与格，也要分清可不可
【2006福建卷】 If yu have interests in it, reply t me sn. 【2006陕西卷】They have all srts f curse. I’m sure yu will find ne yu like it. 【2006重庆卷】In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even mre beautiful.
【2007陕西卷】Persnally, I fund mst lessn rather uninteresting. 【2008浙江卷】A nearby cmpany was lking fr students with gd handwriting t write addresses n envelpe .The pay was 10 cents per envelpe.【2010四川卷】 In fact, I’ve nearly killed three peples .
【2010全国Ⅱ 卷】Christie was ne f my best friend at high schl. 【2011全国Ⅱ卷】My brther was s much fnd f the museums there that he begged my parents t stay anther a cuple f day. 【2011四川卷】Tm was having much trubles getting up in the mrning.
【2011陕西卷】... I came acrss a crew making a new film with ne f my favrite actr. 【2011浙江卷】 I was playing at my cusin huse.【2011辽宁卷】 ... the rate f UFO reprts was steady, arund three per weeks.
1. 修饰名词，作宾补及连系动词后用形容词；2. 修饰动词，形容词，副词及整个句子时用副词；3. 比较级和最高级的使用。
【2006福建卷】We can hear birds singing happy all arund. 【2007浙江卷】I wn the race. I felt very prudly f myself.
【2006辽宁卷】She was usual patient with her students and never made them disappinted. 【2008全国卷Ⅱ卷】I will learn mre abut the histry f the Olympics as gd as the 2008 Olympic games.
【2009陕西卷】The dctr says he is recvering fast than expected. 【2010辽宁卷】She was, in fact, rather attractively.
【2010重庆卷】Still, yur happiness makes him happily t.【2011四川卷】I’m pleasing t hear it ,”said his bss,” but where were yu yesterday?”
【2007浙江卷】 I culd nt t run very fast and fell behind.【2007宁夏卷】 Li Ming came see me every day.
主要错误为三种：非谓语的混淆；不定式t的遗漏或多用；非谓语与谓语动词的混淆。
【2008重庆卷】And there were many meaningful things that were wrth think f.【2008辽宁卷】 We all enjyed this precius day greatly , remember the time we spent tgether and the peple they were familiar with.
remembering
【2009浙江】It was a lessn that it was pssible give withut expecting anything in return. 【2010课标全国卷】 On the bx was a card said:“25 cents.”
【2010浙江卷】I nticed Mther lking at the nearby table ccupy by an elderly wman ... 【2010重庆卷】He had time fr a prper breakfast and was still the first reach the factry.
【2011陕西卷】 I came acrss a crew make a new film with ne f my favrite actrs. 【2011四川卷)】The man did as tld and slept really well, wake up befre the alarm had even gne ff.
【2011辽宁卷】The cmmanding fficer, Wayne Tyler, wh was directly respnsible fr the study f all such reprts, decided t making his findings knwn.
解决方案(1)  纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所作的句子成分.(2)   系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能.(3)   前后联系，整体把握 .
lse my heart such many peplein hurry in a shrtin Sunday afternn
介词多半考搭配,多、漏、误用想周到
【2006天津卷】Because the help yu gave me that summer, my life changed. 【2006福建卷】I have been tld ne mre wrker will be needed this year and I think yu are fit it. 【2006福建卷】 It is s a beautiful place!
【2011浙江卷】I wuld never be able t enjy t playing with the ty.【2011陕西卷】 t leave when he walked ut a building 【2011浙江卷】 There was ne n particular I’d always wanted.
解决方案(1)  平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆 . (2)  强化语法训练，分清连词，副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能 . (3) 语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来 .
人称代词的性别，单复数及代词格的误用；物主代词，反身代词以及不定代词的误用；“it” 一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中或作形式主语或宾语)； Whse 和wh’s，its和 it’s的混淆．
代词方面的错误主要体现在：
【2007全国I卷】I was nly abut six when he held his hand ut t me. I tk it in me and we walked.【2007陕西卷】Just at that time I wke up and fund me still in bed!
【2008全国II卷】 I shuld be able t tell visitrs abut ur histry and culture and shw them their great achievement.【2011重庆卷】With the help f Katia, a rmmate f me, I′ve sn gt used t living withut my parents .【2011全国II卷】Thank yu very much fr shwing them arund yur city and prviding us with the wnderful meals.
解决方案(1)  顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文。(2)  系统掌握it的各种用法 . (3) 准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。
句法涉及到一致, 从句多考引导词（误用，多用或遗漏 ）
【2007天津卷】I was lucky enugh t have a teacher which didn’t take my bad grades as a judgment f my abilities.
【2008年安徽卷】She lked at me and started t laugh. “Hw are yu laughing?”I asked.【2009辽宁卷】One day I saw a secnd-hand bicycle, that was nly ne hundred yuan.
【2010陕西卷】It turned ut t be her wn cup, that she’d left n the shelf by mistake. 【2010宁夏青海卷】... let me knw what things are ging.
【2011辽宁卷】 rate f UFO reprts were steady ...【2011重庆卷】 Katia will intrduce me t sme f her friends, ne f wh has been t China several times.
【2010重庆卷】Here is my idea abut hw a friend is like. 【2010全国Ⅰ卷】S if they had said was true, I wuld have a chance f winning the prize .
解决方案（1）不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；（2）不同的语境要选择不同的词语。（3）只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。
冠词在前 “错” “多” “少”。常考的错误形式有：冠词the, a, an 的误用，多用或少用。
【27全国卷II】I meant t write lng letter and tell yu all the things I’m ding at the schl…
【2007四川卷】An Australian farmer fund the kangar caught in the fence arund his farms.【2010陕西卷】Then she bent dwn and picked up t lk at a price n it.
【2011陕西卷】He was right there in the frnt f me. 【2010 课标全国卷】My friend Nick tld me stry abut his experience back in the US...
【2011全国卷2】 If yu'd like t make trip t ur city sme day, I will be mre than happy t be yur guide. 【2011浙江卷】 It was very nice t get yur invitatin t spend weekend with yu.
连词常考 but，and，r, s 等的逻辑错误，以及搭配错误。
【2006辽宁卷】She always made sure that ur hmewrk was finished n time, but she marked strictly n ur actual perfrmance.
【2007浙江卷】Tday I was having a PE lessn while I fell dwn and hurt my ft.【2007四川卷】 He thught the pr animal was injured, but the kind farmer tk ff his jacket and put n the animal.
【2007四川卷】He wrked hard, but it wasn’t surprising that he pass the exam.【2010课程标准卷】…my neighbr picked up the bx but annunced…
【2010辽宁卷】 Her hair was black and purple, and she wre black sprts shes and a black sweater, althugh in the summer. 【2010全国Ⅰ】All I had t d was t write a stry r present it.
【2011四川】 His bss wanted t fire him if he didn’t start cming n time, but he went t the dctr fr a help. 【2011全国II卷】It's been a week after we left yur family and we are nw back hme.
词法句法均未错, 逻辑推理来寻找。主要是句子之间逻辑关系的矛盾，代词在人称上的不一致等。
【2006四川卷】That night，we sat dwn t what they thught wuld be a pleasant, uninterrupted meals.
【2010陕西卷】The assistant was clearly as embarrassed as my sister, fr I just thught it was funny. 【2011辽宁卷】Wayne Tyler … decided t make his findings knwn. They wrte an article…
but / yet / while
【2011陕西卷】I didn’t have my camera with me at that time, but I rushed back hme t get …【2011陕西卷】 Unfrtunately, by the time I gt back, they had finished the scene and the actr culdn’t be seen everywhere.
【2011全国卷II】If yu’d like t make a trip t my city sme day, I will be better than happy t be yur guide.I have t take up a part-time jb because my family is rich enugh.
通读全文，把握大意 细读全文，仔细斟酌再读全文, 复核审查
以在有错行改动一词为原则.以改变实词形式为原则.以单词形式变化最小为原则.以添加或删除虚词为原则.以多“改正”少“添删”为原则．以保持原意不变为原则．
标点符号不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改。单词拼写不改。
I learned early in life that I had t be mre patient and little aggressive. Frm the time I was abut fur until I was abut six, I destryed each f my ty. I was happy when the tys wrked, but when things did wrng, I gt angry and brke it. Fr a while parents bught me new tys. But befre lng they began t see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday ty train, my father said, "That's it. N mre tys t yu." My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I fund ut that with mre patience I must make my tys t last. My attitude changed frm then n.
I learned early in life that I had t be mre patient and little aggressive. Frm the time I was abut fur until I was abut six, I destryed each f my ty. I was happy when the tys wrked, but when things did wrng, I gt angry and brke it. Fr a while parents bught me new tys.
But befre lng they began t see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday ty train, my father said, "That's it. N mre tys t yu." My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I fund ut that with mre patience I must make my tys t last. My attitude changed frm then n.
My father and I stayed at the Suth Lake Htel fr a week when we visit Beijing last mnth. It is in the dwntwn area, but it is easy t g t anywhere frm the htel by public transprt. We lived in a cmfrtably duble-rm with a big bath. What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet cnnectin in the rm. I checked my email messages every day. I als shared fr my friends many phts taking in Beijing. The fd was wnderful with reasnable prices, and we enjyed several lcal dish. It is such great htel that I wuld recmmend it t any friend f me wh is ging t Beijing.
My father and I stayed at the Suth Lake Htel fr a week when we visit Beijing last mnth. It is in the dwntwn area, but it is easy t g t anywhere frm the htel by public transprt. We lived in a cmfrtably duble-rm with a big bath. What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet cnnectin in the rm.
I checked my email messages every day. I als shared fr my friends many phts taking in Beijing. The fd was wnderful with reasnable prices, and we enjyed several lcal dish. It is such great htel that I wuld recmmend it t any friend f me wh is ging t Beijing.
Dear Diana, Thank yu fr the lvely day we have with yu. It was s kind tr yu t let us bring Anne's friend. Gina. Unfrtunate, the nly prblem was the jurney hme. There had been a terrible accident n the highway and, fr a result, there was a lng line f traffic fr at least six mile. In the end, we drve t a service statin and waited there unless the rad was clear. In the car park Gina nearly gt kncked ver as a car drve ut far t quickly frm behind a lrry. They finally drpped Gina ff at her parents' and made ur wn way t hme.
Dear Diana, Thank yu fr the lvely day we have with yu. It was s kind fr yu t let us bring Anne's friend. Gina. Unfrtunate, the nly prblem was the jurney hme. There had been a terrible accident n the highway and, fr a result, there was a lng line f traffic fr at least six mile.
Unfrtunately
In the end, we drve t a service statin and waited there unless the rad was clear. In the car park here Gina nearly gt kncked ver as car drve ut far t quickly frm behind a lrry. They finally drpped Gina ff at her parents' and made ur wn way t hme.
Tw years befre, I traveled t Brazil and I rented fr a car. Unfrtunate, I had an accident and hit anther car, and I needed t stay in a hspital fr at least tw week. 1 called my parents, s I did nt tell them what had happened. I knew that they will be wrried abut myself because I was s farther away, and that my mther wuld nt sleep if she knew. Therefre, I tld them interested stries and hw I was enjying Brazil As a result, nbdy knew truth. I still think that it was the right thing t d.
Tw years befre, I traveled t Brazil and I rented fr a car. Unfrtunate, I had an accident and hit anther car, and I needed t stay in a hspital fr at least tw week. 1 called my parents, s I did nt tell them what had happened.
I knew that they will be wrried abut myself because I was s farther away, and that my mther wuld nt sleep if she knew. Therefre, I tld them interested stries and hw I was enjying Brazil As a result, nbdy knew truth. I still think that it was the right thing t d.
interesting
Dn't make the same mistake twice.不要重复犯同样的错误。