2026译林新版八年下册英语 Unit 5 Good manners! 讲义）

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Unit 5 Good manners ! 单词解析 Manners (名词) 礼仪、礼貌 【用法讲解】 manners译为“礼仪、礼貌”时常以复数形式出现；manner的单数形式为manner，可译为“方式、方法”。 Eg: Good manners are important in social situations. 社交场合中，礼貌很重要。 The work was done in an efficient manner. 工作完成得很高效。 【常见搭配】 good/ bad manners 有礼貌/没礼貌 Table manners 餐桌礼仪 Social manners 社交礼仪 Mind your manners 注意你的言行 Lack of manners 缺乏礼貌 In a ... manner 以......方式 Eg: He has good manners at the dinner table. 他在餐桌上很有礼貌。 She taught her children proper table manners. 她教孩子们正确的餐桌礼仪。 Understanding social manners is key to making a good impression. 懂社交礼仪是留下好印象的关键。 Mind your manners when visiting grandparents. 去祖父母家时要注意礼貌。 His lack of manners made others uncomfortable. 他的无礼让别人感到不适。 He explained the problem in a calm manner. 他以冷静的方式解释了问题。 【派生词】 mannerly为形容词，译为“有礼貌的”。 Eg: The mannerly child always says ‘ please’ and ‘thank you’. 那个有礼貌的孩子总是说“请”和“谢谢”。 【即学即用】 Children should be taught basic __________ (manner) early. 答案：manners Litter (名词) 垃圾 【用法讲解】 litter为不可数名词；litter还可作动词，译为“乱扔垃圾、使某处布满杂物”。 Eg: Don’t leave litter in the park. 不要在公园里乱扔垃圾。 People who litter may be fined. 乱扔垃圾的人可能会被罚款。 【常见搭配】 Pick up litter 捡垃圾 Litter bin 垃圾桶 Litter with 布满、散落 Eg: Volunteers gathered to pick up litter on the beach. 志愿者们聚集在海滩上捡垃圾。 Throw the wrapper in the litter bin. 把包装纸扔进垃圾桶。 The desk was littered with books and pens. 桌子堆满了书和笔。 【派生词】 littered为形容词，译为“布满垃圾的、散落的”。 Eg: The beach was littered with plastic bottles after the festival. 节日过后，海滩上到处都是塑料瓶。 【即学即用】 The park was fined for failing to control ________ (垃圾). 答案：litter Tap (名词) 水龙头 【用法讲解】 tap为可数名词，还可译为“轻敲声”；tap还可为动词，译为“轻拍、利用资源”。 Eg: The hot tap is leaking. 热水龙头在漏水。 She heard a light tap on the window. 她听到窗户上传来轻轻的敲击声。 He tapped on the desk impatiently. 他不耐烦地轻敲桌面。 The company aims to tap into new markets. 公司计划开拓新市场。 【常见搭配】 turn on/ off the tap 打开/关闭水龙头 Tap sb. on the shoulder 轻拍某人肩膀 Tap into ... 利用资源 Eg: Don’t forget to turn off the tap after washing hands. 洗手后别忘了关水龙头。 She tapped me on the shoulder to get my attention. 她轻拍我肩膀以引起注意。 We need to tap into renewable energy. 我们需要利用可再生能源。 【即学即用】 Please turn off the _________ (水龙头) after washing hand. 答案：tap Wait in line 排队等候 Eg: We had to wait in line for tickets. 我们不得不派对买票。 【知识拓展】 cut in line 插队 Eg: It’s rude to cut in line. 插队是不礼貌的。 【即学即用】 人们在超市收银台派对。 People were _______ ______ _______ at the grocery store checkout. 答案：wait in line Patiently (副词) 耐心地 【用法讲解】 patiently在句中常用来修饰动词。 Eg: She waited patiently for her turn. 她耐心等待轮到自己。 【常见搭配】 as patiently as possible 尽可能耐心地 Eg: He answered the questions as patiently as possible. 他尽可能耐心地回答了问题。 【派生词】 patient为形容词，译为“耐心的”；patient为名词，译为“病人”； patience为名词，译为“耐心”； impatiently为副词，译为“不耐烦地”。 Eg: The teacher was very patient with the struggling students. 这位老师对学习困难的学生非常耐心。 The doctor checked on each patient in the ward. 医生检查了病房里的每一位病人。 Learning a language requires a lot of patience and practice. 学习一门语言需要很多耐心和练习。 He tapped his foot impatiently while waiting in line. 排队时他不耐烦地轻跺着脚。 【即学即用】 You need to learn to deal with difficulties __________ (patient). 答案：patiently Congratulation (名词) 祝贺 【用法讲解】 congratulation为可数名词，其复数形式为congratulations。 Eg: Congratulations! You won the competition. 祝贺你！你赢了比赛。 Congratulations are in order for your promotion. 你的晋升值得祝贺。 I offer my sincere congratulations on your graduation. 我衷心祝贺你毕业。 【常见搭配】 Congratulations on sth. ! （对...表示）祝贺！ Congratulations to sb. (on sth.) 向某人就某事表示祝贺 Eg: Congratulations to you on passing the exam. 祝贺你考试通过。 【派生词】 congratulate为动词，译为“祝贺、向...道贺”。 Eg: I congratulated her on winning the competition. 我祝贺她赢得了比赛。 【即学即用】 ( )1. -- _____________! You won the first prize. -- Thank you. Congratulations B. Thank you C. It’s my pleasure D. I’m so lucky 答案： A Hallway (名词) 走廊、正门过道 【用法讲解】 hallway为可数名词，其复数形式为hallways。 Eg: The hallway was decorated with family photos. 走廊上装饰着家庭照片。 【常见搭配】 long/ narrow hallway 长/窄走廊 Entry hallway 入口门厅 Eg: Her office is at the end of the long hallway. 她的办公室在长走廊的尽头。 Leave your shoes in the entry hallway. 把鞋子放在门厅。 【即学即用】 Walk down the _______ (走廊) to reach the conference room. 答案：hallway On time 准时 Eg: She always finished her work on time. 她总是按时完成工作。 【用法讲解】 time作不可数名词时，译为“时间”；在表示“倍数”时，常以复数形式出现；time作可数名词时，译为“次数”。 Eg: We spend lots of time playing basketball. 我们花了很多时间打篮球。 He is three times taller than me. 他比我高三倍。 I have been to Beijing three times. 我已经去北京三次了。 【常见搭配】 how many times 多少次 It’s time for sth. = It’s time to do sth. 到了做某事的时候 What time is it? = What’s the time? 几点了？ at the time 当时 three times 三次 All the time 一直 At the same time 同时 In time 及时 Ahead of time 提前 Eg: How many times do you visit your grandparents in a week? 你一周看望爷爷奶奶多少次？ It’s time for dinner. = It’s time to have dinner. 到了吃晚饭的时候了。 It seemed like a good idea at the time. 当时这注意好像不错。 You can’t be with your baby all the time. 你不能总守在你的宝宝身边。 All the boats and carts started off at the same time. 车船齐发。 I hope we get there in time. 我希望我们及时到达那里。 We finished 15 minutes ahead of time. 我们提前15分钟完成。 【即学即用】 请确保准时参加会议。 Please make sure to arrive ______ _______ for the meeting. 答案：on time Feel at home 舒服自在、不拘束 Eg: He feels at home in the library. 他在图书馆感到自在。 【即学即用】 主人的热情让我们倍感亲切。 The host’s warmth made us _______ _______ ______. 答案：feel at home Normally (副词) 通常 【用法讲解】 normally在句中常在句首、句中或句尾，修饰动词，形容词或整个句子。 Eg: He normally takes the subway to work. 他通常乘地铁上班。 Normally, I wake up at 7 am. 通常我早上7点起床。 【常见搭配】 normally in ... 通常在...情况下 Eg: Normally in summer, we go to the beach. 夏天我们通常去海边。 【派生词】 normal为形容词，译为“正常的”； abnormal为形容词，译为“不正常的”。 Eg: It’s normal to feel nervous before a big presentation. 在重要演讲前感到紧张是正常的。 The doctor noticed some abnormal cells in the test results. 医生在检查结果中发现了一些异常细胞。 【即学即用】 The system runs __________ (normal) unless there’s a power outage. 答案：normally Address (动词) 称呼（某人） 【用法讲解】 address为可数名词，其复数形式为addresses，译为“地址”；address还可为动词，译为“位置标识”。 Eg: How should I address you? 我该怎么称呼您？ Please provide your delivery address for the package. 请提供包裹的收货地址。 Remember to address the envelope with the correct postcode. 记得在信封上填写正确的邮政编码。 【常见搭配】 take down the address 记录地址 Address the issue 解决问题 Eg: Can you take down my address for the delivery? 你能记下我的地址以便送货吗？ We need to address the issue of low productivity. 我们需要解决生产力底下的问题。 【即学即用】 他们称呼他为“先生”。 They _______ him ______ “Sir”. 答案：addressed; as Politeness (名词) 礼貌 【用法讲解】 politeness为不可数名词，还可译为“礼节”。 Eg: Her politeness impressed everyone at the party. 她的礼貌给派对上的所有人留下了深刻印象。 Bowing is a sign of cultural politeness in Japan. 鞠躬在日本是文化礼节的表现。 【常见搭配】 show politeness 表现除礼貌 Out of politeness 出于礼貌 Eg: He showed politeness by holding the door for others. 他主动为他人扶门，展现了礼貌。 She smiled out of politeness, though she disagreed. 尽管不同意，她还是出于礼貌笑了笑。 【派生词】 polite为形容词，译为“有礼貌的”； impolite为形容词，译为“不礼貌的”； politely为副词，译为“礼貌地”。 Eg: He was polite to the elderly lady, offering her his seat. 他对那位老太太很有礼貌，主动给她让座。 Talking with your mouth full is considered impolite in many cultures. 在许多文化中，满嘴食物说话被认为是不礼貌的。 The waiter politely asked if we needed anything else. 服务员礼貌地询问我们是否需要其他服务。 【即学即用】 He natural __________ (polite) made her very popular among colleagues. 答案：politeness Realize (= realise) (动词) 意识到 【用法讲解】 realize还可写作realise，还可译为“明白、实现”后面接名词、代词或从句。 Eg: She realised the importance of education. 她意识到了教育的重要性。 I didn’t realize how late it was until I checked the time. 我查看时间时才发现已经很晚了。 【常见搭配】 realize one’s dream 实现梦想 Eg: After years of hard work, he finally realized his dream of owning a business. 经过数年的努力工作，他终于实现了拥有自己企业的梦想。 【派生词】 realization为名词，译为“认知、领悟”。 Eg: The realization of her dream took many years of hard work. 她实现梦想花了许多年的艰苦努力。 【即学即用】 She r_________ that she had forgotten her keys. 答案：realized Behave (动词) 表现 Eg: The children behaved well during the ceremony. 孩子们在仪式上表现良好。 【常见搭配】 behave oneself 守规矩 Behave out of character 反常表现 Behave like a ... 表现的像...一样 Eg: Please behave yourself at the dinner table. 请在餐桌上注意举止。 His sudden anger made him behave out of character. 他突然发怒，表现反常。 Don’t behave like a child. Be more mature. 别表现得像个孩子，要更成熟些。 【派生词】 behavior/behaviour为名词，译为“行为、举止”； behavioral为形容词，译为“行为的、行为学的”。 Eg: His behaviour at the party was very rude. 他在聚会上的行为非常无礼。 The researcher is interested in behavioral patterns of animals. 这位研究人员对动物的行为模式感兴趣。 【即学即用】 Most of the students _________ （behavior) well in class, but a few are still noisy. 答案：behave Differently (副词) 不同地 【用法讲解】 differently在句中常用来修饰动词。 Eg: Men and women may communicate differently. 男性和女性的沟通方式可能不同。 【常见搭配】 do things differently 以不同方式做事 Differently from... 与...不同 Eg: We need to do things differently to improve. 我们需要改变方式以进步。 His approach works differently from hers. 他的方式与她的效果不同。 【派生词】 different为形容词，译为“不同的”； difference为名词，译为“差异、不同点”。 Eg: We need to approach this problem from a different angle. 我们需要从不同的角度来解决这个问题。 Can you tell the difference between these two brands of coffee? 你能分辨这两种咖啡品牌的区别吗？ 【即学即用】 If you look _________ (different) at the problem, you might find a solution. 答案：differently Praise (动词) 称赞、赞美 【用法讲解】 praise还可为不可数名词，译为“赞扬”。 Eg: The teacher praised the student’s creativity. 老师表扬了学生的创造力。 His work earned praise from experts. 他的工作获得了专家的称赞。 【常见搭配】 praise sb. for sth. 因某事赞扬某人 Words of praise 赞美之词 In praise of ... 歌颂... Eg: She was praised for her honesty. 她因诚实受到表扬。 The artist blushed at the words of praise. 艺术家因赞美之词脸红了。 He wrote a poem in praise of nature. 他写了一首赞美自然的诗。 【即学即用】 Parents should p_________ children’s efforts, not just results. 答案：praise Pleased (形容词) 高兴 【用法讲解】 pleased在句中常作表语。 Eg: They were very pleased with the service. 他们对服务非常满意。 【常见搭配】 be pleased with ... 对...感到满意 Be pleased to do sth. 高兴做某事 Be pleased about/ at sth. 因某事高兴 Eg: She was pleased with her exam results. 她对考试成绩感到满意。 I am pleased to announce the winner. 我很高兴宣布获胜者。 He was pleased about the promotion. 他因升职而高兴。 【派生词】 pleasing为形容词，译为“令人愉快的”； pleasure为名词，译为“愉快、乐趣”； Pleasant为形容词，译为“宜人的、友好的”。 Eg: The garden has a pleasing arrangement of colourful flowers. 花园里五颜六色的花朵布置得令人赏心悦目。 She finds great pleasure in helping others. 她在帮助他人中找到很大乐趣。 He gave a pleasant smile. 他露出了亲切的微笑。 【即学即用】 ( )1. -- I’m very _______ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. -- Mm, it does have a _______ smell. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant 答案： D Reply (动词) 回答、答复 【用法讲解】 reply还可为可数名词，其复数形式为replies，译为“答复、回答”。 Eg: We are waiting for a reply from them. 我们正在等待他们的答复。 We received many positive replies. 我们收到了许多积极回复。 She replied to my question immediately. 她立刻回答了我的问题。 【常见搭配】 reply to sb./ sth. 回复某人/某事 Make a reply to... 对...做出回答 In reply to... 作为对...的回答 Eg: He replied to my question with a detailed explanation. 他用详细的解释回答了我的问题。 He made a reply to the criticism with a well - written article. 他用一篇写得很好的文章对批评做出了回应。 In reply to your inquiry, we are sending you the latest catalog. 作为对你的询问的回应，我们给你寄去最新的目录。 【即学即用】 教授详细回答了所有问题。 The professor _______ _______ all questions in detail. The company sent out 100 invitations but got only 5 ________ (reply). 答案：1. replied to 2. replies Modest (形容词) 谦虚的 【用法讲解】 modest在句中常作定语或表语，还可译为“适度的、朴素的”。 Eg: Despite his fame, he remains a modest person. 尽管有名，他依然保持谦虚。 They live comfortably on a modest income. 他们靠中等收入过着舒适的生活。 The artist lives in a modest house in the countryside. 这位艺术家住在乡下的一栋朴素房子里。 【常见搭配】 be modest about... 对...表现谦虚 In all modesty 毫不夸张地说 Eg: She is modest about her achievement. 她对自己的成就很谦虚。 In all modesty, I think my team did an excellent job. 毫不夸张地说，我认为我的团队做得非常出色。 【派生词】 modestly为副词，译为“谦虚地”； modesty为名词，译为“谦虚”。 Eg: She modestly accepted the award, thanking her team for their support. 她谦虚地接受了奖项，感谢团队的支持。 Her modesty prevented her from taking credit for the project’s success. 她的谦虚使她不愿独揽项目成功的功劳。 【即学即用】 He gave a __________ (谦虚的) smile when complimented. 答案：modest Openly (副词) 公开地、毫不隐瞒地 【用法讲解】 openly在句中常用来修饰动词。 Eg: She spoke openly about her struggles. 她公开谈论了自己的困境。 【派生词】 open为形容词，译为“开放的”；open还可为动词，译为“打开”。 Eg: She has an open mind about trying new experiences. 她对尝试新体验持开放态度。 Please open the window to let in some fresh air. 请打开窗户透透气。 【即学即用】 She spoke ________ (open) about her struggles. 答案：openly Host (名词) 主人 【用法讲解】 host为可数名词，还可译为“主持人”；host还可为动词，译为“主办、主持、招待”。 Eg: She is known as a gracious host. 她以热情好客著称。 The TV host interviewed the celebrity. 电视主持人采访了这位明星。 The city will host the international conference. 该市将主办这次国际会议。 They love to host guests at their villa. 他们喜欢在别墅招待客人。 【常见搭配】 play host to ... 作为东道主接待... Host family 寄宿家庭 Eg: The museum plays host to famous exhibitions. 该博物馆常举办著名展览。 She stayed with a host family in France. 她在法国时住在一个寄宿家庭。 【派生词】 hostess为名词，译为“女主人、女主持人”。 Eg: The hostess warmly greeted each guest at the party. 女主人热情地迎接了派对上的每一位客人。 【即学即用】 She was the perfect _________ (主持人) for the award ceremony. 答案：host Hospitable (形容词) 好客的、热情友好的 【用法讲解】 hospitable在句中常作定语或表语，还可译为“环境宜人的”。 Eg: The locals are famously hospitable to tourists. 当地人以对游客热情好客著称。 The valley provides a hospitable habitat for wildlife. 山谷为野生动物提供了适宜的栖息地。 【常见搭配】 be hospitable to ... 对...热情好客 Eg: The villagers are hospitable to tourists. 村民对游客十分热情好客。 【派生词】 hospitably为副词，译为“好客地”； Hospitality为名词，译为“好客、款待”。 Eg: The family hospitably welcomed us into their home. 这家人热情好客地把我们迎进家中。 The hotel is famous for its exceptional hospitality. 这家酒店以出色的服务闻名。 【即学即用】 Greek culture is known for its __________ (hospitably) traditions. 答案：hospitable Plate (名词) 盘子、碟子 【用法讲解】 Plate为可数名词，还可译为“金牌、车牌、板块”；plate还可为动词，译为“镀金属”。 Eg: She placed the steak on a white dinner plate. 她把牛排放在白色晚餐盘上。 The cop noted down the license plate number. 警察记录下车牌号码。 Earthquakes occur along tectonic plate boundaries. 地震发生在地壳板块边界。 The ring was plated with gold. 这个戒指被镀了金。 【常见搭配】 hand/ give sb. sth. on a plate 轻易给予 Have a lot on one’s plate 事务繁忙 Eg: He expected success to be handed to him on a plate. 他期待着轻易得到成功。 She can’t help now -- she has too much on her plate. 她现在不能帮忙 -- 她事务繁忙。 【即学即用】 She ate a full _________ (盘子) of spaghetti. 答案：plate Refuse (动词) 拒绝、回绝 【用法讲解】 refuse还可为名词，译为“垃圾”。 Eg: She refused his invitation. 她拒绝了他的邀请。 The town made a weekly collection of refuse. 该镇每周收一次垃圾。 【常见搭配】 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 Eg: He refused to answer the question. 他拒绝回答问题。 【派生词】 refusal为名词，译为“拒绝、推却”。 Eg: His refusal to cooperate caused many problems. 他拒绝合作导致了很多问题。 【即学即用】 He refused ________ (comment) after the trial. 答案：to comment Used to sth./ doing sth. 习惯于某事（物）、适应某事（物） Eg: She is used to working late. 她习惯了加班。 【知识拓展】 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 Be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 Eg: I used to play piano as a child. 我小时候常常弹钢琴。 The knife is used to cut meat. 这把刀被用来切肉。 【即学即用】 After three years in Germany, he is used to _________ (speak) German. 答案：speaking Fully (副词) 完全地、全部地、充分地 【用法讲解】 fully常用来修饰动词或形容词。 Eg: I fully understand your concern. 我完全理解你的担忧。 The project is fully completed. 项目已全部完成。 【派生词】 full为形容词，译为“满的、完整的”。 Eg: The glass is full of water, so be careful not to spill it. 玻璃杯转满了水，小心别洒出来。 She gave a full account of the incident to the police. 她向警方完整地叙述了事件经过。 【即学即用】 The team is ________ (full) prepared for the challenge. 答案：fully All at once 一起、同时 【用法讲解】 all at once还可译为“突然”。 Eg: Don’t try to do everything all at once. 别想同时做完所有事。 All at once, the lights went out. 突然，灯全灭了。 【即学即用】 观众一起站了起来。 The audience stood up ______ _______ _______. 答案：all at once Jump the line 插队 【用法讲解】 jump the line还可译为“抢先获得机会”。 Eg: Someone tried to jump the line at the ticket counter. 有人想在售票处插队。 He used his connections to jump the line for the vaccine. 他利用关系抢先接种了疫苗。 【即学即用】 在超市插队是很不礼貌的。 It’s rude to _______ _______ ______ at the supermarket. 答案：jump the line Loudly (副词) 吵闹地 【用法讲解】 loudly在句中常用来修饰动词。 Eg: She laughed loudly at the joke. 她大声地笑了。 【派生词】 Loud为副词，译为“响亮地”；还可为形容词，译为“大声的”； aloud为副词，译为“大声地、出声地”。 Eg: The party was very loud. 聚会非常吵闹。 Please speak loud so that everyone can hear you. 请大声说话，以便每个人都能听到你。 I’ll read the text aloud first. 我先大声朗读一下课文。 【易混辨析】 loud，aloud和loudly区别 Loud为形容词，侧重声音的音量和传远性；可与speak、talk、laugh等连用； aloud为副词，强调发出声音，常与read、think、call、shout等连用； loudly为副词，强调声音的强度和方式.，常用于描述各种嘈杂的声音。 Eg: Please speak louder -- I can’t hear you. 请讲大声点 -- 我听不见。 He called aloud for help. 他大声呼救。 The bell rang loudly. 钟声大声地响起。 【即学即用】 ( )1. She spoke in a _______ voice. aloud B. loudly C. loud D. be aloud 答案： C Push (动词) 挤开、推动 【用法讲解】 push作动词还可译为“推进、推销、督促”。 Eg: His parents pushed him to study harder for the exam. 他的父母督促他更努力地学习以应对考试。 He pushed the door open and entered the room. 他推开门，走进了房间。 We need to push the project forward to meet the deadline. 我们需要推进这个项目，以便在截止日期前完成。 The salesman tried to push a new product to the customers. 那个推销员试图向顾客推销一款新产品。 【常见搭配】 Push aside 把...推到一边、忽视 Push forward 推进、向前推 Push through 强行通过、完成 Push for 极力争取 Push back 推回、反驳 Eg: He pushed aside all the difficulties and went on with his work. 他忽视所有困难，继续他的工作。 The army pushed forward despite the heavy rain. 尽管下着大雨，军队还是继续推进。 They managed to push the new policy through. 他们设法强行通过了这项新政策。 The team pushed for a better solution. 团队努力争取更好的解决方案。 She pushed back her chair and stood up. 她推开椅子站了起来。 【派生词】 pushy为形容词，译为“爱催促的、固执的”。 Eg: He’s too pushy -- always trying to sell me something. 他太爱催促了 -- 总是试图向我推销东西。 【即学即用】 He p________ the door open and walked in. 答案：pushed Past (介词) 在另一边、到另一侧 【用法讲解】 past为介词，还可译为“经过、超过”；past可为名词，译为“过去、历史”；past可为形容词，译为“过去的、先前的”。 Eg: He walked past the store without noticing it. 他走过商店却没注意到它。 We can learn from the past. 我们可以从过去中吸取教训。 In the past few years, technology has advanced rapidly. 在过去几年里，技术发展迅速。 【常见搭配】 go past 经过 In the past 在过去 Eg: I go past the park every morning. 我每天早上都经过公园。 In the past, people relied more on letters. 过去，人们更依赖信件。 【派生词】 pass为动词，译为“经过、路过”。 Eg: She passed the exam with flying colors after months of hard work. 经过数月的努力，她以优异成绩通过了考试。 【即学即用】 He hurried p_______ without speaking. 答案：past In one’s way 挡道 【用法讲解】 in one’s way还可译为“妨碍”。 Eg: A fallen tree was in our way, so we had to take a detour. 一棵倒下的树挡住了我们的路，我们只好绕道。 Fear should not stand in your way of trying new things. 恐惧不应成为你尝试新事物的阻碍。 【知识拓展】 go out of one’s way 特意努力做某事 Eg: She went out of her way to help me. 她特意来帮助我。 【即学即用】 别把包放在楼梯上，它会挡住大家的路！ Don’t leave your bag on the stairs -- it’s _______ ________ _______! 答案：in everyone’s way Discussion (名词) 讨论 【用法讲解】 discussion在表示一次讨论活动或讨论等具体意义时为可数名词；在表示抽象意义的讨论或讨论的动作或状态时为不可数名词。 Eg: Let’s have a discussion about the new project proposal tomorrow. 让我们明天进行关于新工程提案的讨论。 【常见搭配】 under discussion 正在讨论中 Group discussion 小组讨论 Have a discussion with sb. about sth. 和某人讨论关于某事 Eg: The new policy is still under discussion. 新政策仍在讨论中。 We had a group discussion on the project. 我们就项目进行了小组讨论。 We had a discussion with Lily about the importance of English. 我们和丽丽讨论关于英语的重要性。 【派生词】 discuss为动词，译为“讨论”。 Eg: They are discussing freely. 他们在自由地探讨。 【常见搭配】 discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事 Discuss doing sth. 商量做某事 Eg: I discussed the matter with my wife. 我和妻子讨论了这件事。 They discussed selling the house. 他们商量过买房子的事。 【即学即用】 This article will form the basis for our ___________ (discuss). 答案：discussion Promise (动词) 承诺、许诺 【用法讲解】 promise还可为可数名词，其复数形式为promises，译为“保证、承诺”。 Eg: She promised to help me with my English homework. 她承诺帮我完成英语作业。 Keeping your promise is a sign of good character. 信守承诺是良好品格的体现。 【常见搭配】 promise to do sth. 承诺做某事 Promise (that) 从句 答应... keep/ break a promise 信守/违背承诺 Eg: She promised to call me yesterday but she didn’t. 她昨天答应给我打电话，但是她没有。 They promised (that) the project would be completed on time. 他们答应按时完成这项工程。 He broke his promise to quit smoking. 他违背了戒烟的诺言。 【即学即用】 Can you promise ___________ (finish) the assignment on time? 答案：to finish Keep one’s word 信守诺言 Eg: He always keeps his word, so you can trust him. 他总是信守承诺，所以你可以信任他。 【即学即用】 她履行了按时完成项目的承诺。 She ______ ______ ________ to finish the project on time. 答案：kept her word Pear (名词) 梨 【用法讲解】 pear为可数名词，其复数形式为pears。 Eg: She bought some pears from the market. 她哦那个市场买了一些梨。 【常见搭配】 pear juice 梨汁 Go pear - shaped 搞砸、失败 Pear tree 梨树 Eg: This pear juice tastes delicious. 这个梨汁尝起来很美味。 Our plan went pear - shaped when the rain started. 下雨后，我们的计划泡汤了。 There’s an old pear tree in our garden. 我们花园里有棵老梨树。 【即学即用】 The _______ _______ (梨树) in our garden is blooming. 答案：pear tree Even though 尽管、即使 【用法讲解】Even though译为“尽管、即使”，用于引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用。 Eg: Even though it was raining, we went out for a walk. 尽管在下雨，我们还是出去散步了。 【即学即用】 即使很晚了，她仍然在工作。 ______ _______ it was late, she kept working. 答案：Even though Belong (动词) 应在（某处）、适应 【用法讲解】 belong还可译为“属于、归...所有”。 Eg: This book belongs to me . 这本书是我的。 The cups belong in the cupboard. 杯子应放在橱柜中。 【常见搭配】 Belong to 属于 注意：其主语常常为物，表示“某物归某人所有”； Belong to主语也可以为人，但此时belong to后需加地点，表示“某人属于某地”；belong to不可用被动语态。 Eg: I belong to Shanghai. 我是上海人。 【派生词】 belonging为名词，译为“归属感、所有物”。 Eg: She found a sense of belonging in the new community. 她在新社区找到了归属感。 【即学即用】 这辆车是我父亲的。 The car ________ ______ my father. 答案：belongs to Respectfully (副词) 尊敬地 【用法讲解】 respectfully在句中常修饰动词或整个句子。 Eg: The student asked the professor respectfully. 学生恭敬地向教授提问。 Respectfully, I disagree with your conclusion. 恕我直言，我不同意您的结论。 【派生词】 respectful为形容词，译为“尊敬的、恭敬的”； respect为动词或名词，译为“尊重、尊敬”。 Eg: The students remained silent and respectful during the principal’s speech. 学生们在校长讲话时保持安静，态度恭敬。 Mutual respect is essential for a healthy relationship. 相互尊重是健康关系的基础。 We should respect the opinions of others, even if we disagree. 即使意见不同，我们也应该尊重他人的观点。 【即学即用】 The audience listened ___________ (respect) to the speaker. 答案：respectfully Move (动词) （使）感动、打动 【用法详解】move为动词，译为“感动”，也可译为“搬动、搬家”；move还可为名词，译为“移动、步骤、走棋”。 Eg: I was deeply moved by her speech. 她的演讲深深打动了我。 We moved to Shanghai last year. 我们去年搬到了上海。 The company made a smart move by investing in AI. 公司投资AI是明智之举。 【常见搭配】 move to ... 搬到... Move into ... 搬入... Move on 继续前进、翻篇 Eg: They moved to Paris last year. 他们去年搬到法国。 We will move into the new house next week. 下周我们要搬进新家。 It’s time to move on from the past. 是时候放下过去了。 【派生词】 moved为形容词，译为“感动的”，用来修饰人； Moving为形容词，译为“感人的”用来修饰物； movement为名词，译为“运动、活动”。 Eg: The audience were greatly moved by his words. 听了他的话，观众们很感动。 The film’s ending was so moving that many cried. 电影结尾非常感人，许多人哭了。 She observed the graceful movement of the dancer’s hands. 她注意到舞者双手的优美动作。 【即学即用】 他们计划明年搬到一个更大的城市。 They are planning to _______ ______ a bigger city next year. 答案：move to Earphone (名词) 耳机 【用法讲解】 earphone为可数名词，其复数形式为earphones。 Eg: She put on her earphones to listen to music. 她戴上耳机听音乐。 【即学即用】 Please listen with __________ (耳机) in the library. 答案：earphones Circle (名词) 圆圈 【用法讲解】 circle也可作动词，译为“圈出”。 Eg: Please draw a circle. 画一个圆圈。 Seagulls circled around above his head. 海鸥在他的头顶上盘旋。 Spelling mistakes are circled in red ink. 拼写错误都用红笔圈了出来。 【常见搭配】 circle of friends 朋友圈 Draw a circle 画圆圈 Eg: She has a wide circle of friends. 她交友很广。 【即学即用】 She drew a perfect _________ (圆圈) on the paper. 答案：circle Tip (名词) 小费 【用法讲解】 tip作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为tips，还可译为“指点、提示、尖端”；tip还可为动词，译为“倾斜、倒出、给小费”。 Eg: It’s customary to leave a tip for the waiter. 给服务员留小费是惯例。 Here are some useful tips for learning English. 这里有一些学习英语的有用提示。 The tip of the pen is broken. 笔尖断了。 He tipped the taxi driver a few dollars. 他给了出租车司机几美元小费。 The bottle tipped over and the water spilled out. 瓶子翻倒了，水洒了出来。 He tipped me on the shoulder to get my attention. 他轻轻碰了碰我的肩膀以引起我的注意。 【常见搭配】 on the tip of one’s tongue 话到嘴边却想不起来了 Tip over 翻到 Tip sb. off 向某人告密 Eg: Her name is on the tip of my tongue. 写那本书的是谁来着？名字就在我嘴边想不起来了！ The vase tipped over and broke. 花瓶翻倒摔碎了。 The journalist was tipped off about the political scandal by an insider. 记者从内部人士那里得到了有关政治丑闻的内幕消息。 【即学即用】 It's customary to leave a ________ (小费) in restaurants here. 答案： tip Peaceful (形容词) 安静的、平静的 【用法讲解】 peaceful在句中常作定语或表语，还可译为“和平的、温和的”。 Eg: We spent a peaceful weekend by the lake. 我们在湖边度过了安静的周末。 The village looks peaceful at dawn. 黎明时村庄显得很宁静。 【常见搭配】 peaceful as a dove 极度平和 Eg: Despite the chaos around her, she remained peaceful as a dove. 尽管周围混乱，她仍保持极度平和。 【派生词】 peace为名词，译为“和平”； peacefully为副词，译为“和平地”。 Eg: The two nations finally signed a treaty to maintain peace. 两国最终签署了维护和平的条约。 The protesters gathered peacefully in the park. 抗议者们和平地聚集在公园里。 【即学即用】 The cafe had a __________ (peace) atmosphere with soft music. 答案：peaceful Impolite (形容词) 失礼的、粗鲁的 【用法讲解】 impolite在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: His impolite behavior made everyone feel uncomfortable. 他的无礼行为让每个人都感到不舒服。 His behavior was impolite. 他的行为是不礼貌的。 【常见搭配】 It is impolite to do sth. 做某事是不礼貌的 Be impolite to sb. 对某人不礼貌 Eg: It is impolite to talk with your mouth full. 满嘴食物说话是不礼貌的。 You were impolite to your teacher. 你对老师不礼貌。 【派生词】 polite为形容词，译为“有礼貌的”。 Eg: Her polite behavior at the party impressed everyone. 她在聚会上的有礼貌行为给大家留下了深刻音箱。 【即学即用】 She felt embarrassed because of her _________ (polite) remark. 答案：impolite Hug (名词/动词) 拥抱 【用法讲解】 hug为可数名词，其复数形式为hugs；hug作动词，还可译为“环绕”。 Eg: She hugged her friend tightly after their reunion. 重逢后她紧紧拥抱了朋友。 The path hugs the coastline for miles. 小径紧贴海岸线延伸数英里。 A warm hug can express more than words. 一个温暖的拥抱胜过千言万语。 【常见搭配】 give sb. a hug 给某人拥抱 Hug the road 平稳行驶 Hug and cry 相拥而泣 Eg: Give me a hug before you leave! 离开前给我个拥抱！ This car hugs the road even at high speeds. 这车高速行驶也很稳。 They hugged and cried when they met after 10 years. 十年后重逢，他们相拥而泣。 【即学即用】 The teammates h_________ after winning the game. 给爷爷一个温暖的拥抱。 _______ _______ ______ _______ _______! 答案：1. hugged 2. Give grandpa a warm hug Kiss (名词/动词) 亲吻 【常见搭配】 kiss作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为kisses，还可译为“轻触”；kiss作动词，也可译为“轻触、轻拂”。 Eg: She kissed the baby’s forehead. 她亲吻了婴儿的额头。 Waves kissed the shore gently. 海浪轻拂海岸。 He gave her a goodbye kiss. 他给了她一个告别吻。 The butterfly’s wings left a light kiss on the flower. 蝴蝶翅膀轻触花朵。 【常见搭配】 kiss sb. goodbye/ hello 吻别/问候 Kiss sth. goodbye 放弃某物 The kiss of death 致命打击 Eg: He kissed her hello at the airport. 他在机场亲吻她表示问候。 If you don’t study, you can kiss your dreams goodbye. 如果不学习，你的梦想就泡汤了。 His criticism was the kiss of death for her career. 他的批评对她的事业是致命打击。 【即学即用】 She ________ (亲吻) her dog on the nose every morning. 答案：kisses Quietly (副词) 安静地、平静地 【用法讲解】 quietly在句中常修饰动词。 Eg: She spoke quietly to avoid waking the baby. 她轻声说话以免吵醒婴儿。 【常见搭配】 live quietly 低调生活 Quietly confident 低调自信 Do sth. quietly on the side 私下悄悄做某事 Eg: After retirement, they lived quietly in the countryside. 退休后，他们在乡下低调生活。 She was quietly confident about her presentation. 她对演讲低调自信。 He quietly on the side helped the homeless community. 他私下悄悄帮助无家可归者。 【派生词】 quiet为形容词，译为“安静的”。 Eg: The library was so quiet you could hear a pin drop. 图书馆安静得连针掉在地上都能听见。 【即学即用】 The library requires everyone to work __________ (quiet). 答案：quietly Rush (动词) 急促、仓促行事、冲 【用法讲解】 rush为名词，译为“匆忙、急迫、迅速行动”；rush也可为形容词，译为“急促的、迅速的”。 Eg: We need to rush if we want to catch the last train. 如果想赶上最后一班火车，我们就需要赶紧点。 I was in such a rush this morning that I forgot to grab my keys. 我今天早上匆忙得连钥匙都忘了带。 We need to make a decision, there is no time for a rush job. 我们需要做出决定，来不及仓促进行了。 【常见搭配】 in a rush 匆忙地 Rush hour 高峰时段 Be rushed off one’s feet 忙得不可开交 Rush to ... 冲向... Eg: I’m sorry, but I can’t talk right now. I’m in a rush. 对不起，我现在没时间说话，我很着急。 Traffic is always congested during the morning and evening rush hours. 早晚高峰时段交通总是拥堵。 The restaurant is always busy, and the staff are constantly rushed off their feet. 这家餐厅总是很忙，员工们都很忙碌。 He sprang up and rushed to the door. 他跳起来冲向门口。 【即学即用】 I r________ to catch the bus, but I missed it. 答案：rushed Unless (连词) 除非 【用法讲解】 unless常用来引导条件状语从句，此时主句常用将来时或情态动词，从句常用一般现在时。 Eg: You won’t pass the exam unless you study hard. 除非你努力学习，否则你不会通过考试。 I can’t go to the party unless I finish my work. 除非我完成工作，否则我不能去派对。 【即学即用】 U_________ the system is upgraded, the new features won’t work. 答案：Unless Tasty (形容词) 美味的、可口的 【用法讲解】 unless在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: The street vendor sells tasty snacks at affordable prices. 街头小贩卖价格实惠的美味小吃。 The freshly baked bread smells really tasty! 刚烤好的面包闻起来真香！ 【派生词】 taste为动词，译为“尝起来”；taste还可为名词，译为“味道”。 Eg: Would you like to taste this new dessert I made? 你想尝尝我做的这款新甜点吗？ The soup has a rich taste of herbs and spices. 这汤有浓郁的香草和香料味道。 【即学即用】 Your homemade soup is very _________ (taste). 答案：tasty 课文解析 Good manners and kindness are always in fashion. 良好的礼仪与善意永远不会过时。 【用法讲解】 fashion指代广义的“时尚”或“流行趋势”时为不可数名词，指代“具体的流行款式或设计”时为可数名词；fashion还可为动词，译为“制作、塑造、发展”。 Eg: Social media greatly influences modern fashion. 社交媒体深刻影响现代时尚。 This season’s fashions focus on bold colors. 本季流行款主打鲜艳色彩。 The sculpture was fashioned from recycled metal. 这件雕塑由回收金属制成。 Over time, they fashioned a strong friendship. 随着时间的推移，他们建立了深厚的友谊。 【常见搭配】 in fashion 流行 Out of fashion 过时 Fashion show 时装秀 Eg: Retro hairstyles are back in fashion. 复古发型再度流行。 High - waisted jeans went out of fashion briefly. 高腰牛仔裤曾短暂过时。 The brand debuted its new collection at the fashion show. 该品牌在时装秀上首秀新系列。 【派生词】 fashionable为形容词，译为“符合潮流的”或“流行的”。 Eg: Fashionable cafes often attract young crowds. 时尚咖啡馆常吸引年轻人群。 【即学即用】 极简设计今年很流行。 Minimalist designs are ________ ________ this year. 答案：in fashion Follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则 【用法讲解】 知识点一： rule作名词时，可译为“规则、统治”，其复数形式为rules；rule也可作动词，译为“统治” 【常见搭配】follow the rules 遵守规则 As a rule 通常、一般来说 Eg: The rules of the game 游戏规则 The emperor ruled from 27 BC to 14 AD. 这个皇帝从公元前27年统治到公元14年。 As a rule, I don’t eat dessert. 通常情况下，我不吃甜点。 知识点二： First, all of us must follow the rules. 首先，大家都应该遵守纪律。 follow作动词，也可译为“理解、听懂”。 Eg: She followed him out of the room. 她跟着他离开了房间。 Please follow the instructions carefully. 请仔细遵循指示。 I’m not following you. Could you explain that again? 我不懂你的意思。你能再解释一遍吗？ 【常见搭配】 follow up 跟进 Follow through 坚持到底 Follow the rules 遵守规则 Eg: He needs to follow up on that project. 他需要跟进那个项目。 She decided to follow through with her plan. 她决定坚持到底实行她的计划。 We must follow the school rules. 我们必须遵守学校规则。 【派生词】 follower为名词，译为“跟随者”； following为形容词，译为“下列的、接下来的”。 Eg: His follower is very loyal. 他的追随者非常忠诚。 The following comrades will stay. 下列同志请留下。 【即学即用】 First, I’ll explain the ________ (规则) of the game. 每个人都必须遵守规则。 Everyone must _______ _______ _______. 答案：1. rules 2. follow the rules I can’t wait to meet my new classmates! 我等不及要见我的新同学了！ wait为动词，译为“等待、等候”；wait还可为名词，译为“等待的时间”。 Eg: The wait for the the train was long. 等待火车的时间很长。 There is never a wait at that restaurant. 那家餐厅从来不用等位。 【常见搭配】 wait to do sth. 等待做某事 Wait for sb./sth. 等某人/某物 Wait a minute/ second/ moment 等一下 can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事 Eg: I’m waiting to hear back from the interviewer. 我正在等待面试官的回复。 She is waiting for her friend at the restaurant. 她正在餐厅等待她的朋友。 The little girl can’t wait to open her birthday presents. 这个小女孩等不及要打开她的生日礼物。 【即学即用】 I can’t wait ________ (go) on holidays in Australia. 答案：to go And don’t forget to return to class on time. 而且别忘了准时回班里。 【用法讲解】 return在此处为动词，译为“回来、归还”；return还可为名词，译为“恢复、归还”。 Eg: He will return home tomorrow. 我明天会回家。 The patient is slowly returning to health. 病人正在逐渐恢复健康。 The return of the investment was very high. 这项投资的回报率很高。 【常见搭配】 return sth. to sb./ sth. 把某物归还给某人/某处 Return to + 地点 = go back to 地点 回到某地 In return 作为回报（强调一种行为或态度的回应） In return for ... 作为对...的回报（强调一种明确的、具体的交换关系） Eg: I returned the book to the library. 我把书还给了图书馆。 They will return to the office after the meeting. 会议结束后，他们会返回办公室。 She helped me move, and I cooked dinner in return. 她帮我搬东西，作为回报我做晚饭。 He gave me a gift in return for my help. 他给了我一份礼物以报答我的帮助。 【即学即用】 ( )1. I don’t know when we will _______ Beijing. return back B. return to C. return back to D.return 答案：B What else? 还有别的吗？ 【用法详解】 else可为形容词或副词，译为“其它的、其他的”；在句中可修饰疑问代词或不定代词，此时需位于疑问代词或不定代词之后。 Eg: Who else can you see? 你还能看见别的人吗？ Is there anything else in your bag? 你的包里还有别的东西吗？ 【易混辨析】 other与else区别 else可为形容词或副词，在句中可修饰疑问代词或不定代词，此时需位于疑问代词或不定代词之后。 Other可为形容词，用于修饰名词或代词，位于所修饰词之前。 Eg: Nobody else in my school comes from America. 我们学校没有其他人来自美国。 Do you have any other questions? 你还有别的问题吗？ 【即学即用】 ( )1. I think you must be mixing me up with _______. someone other B. other someone C. someone else D. else someone 答案：C I’ve been in China for a month. 我来中国已经一个月了。 【易混辨析】 have/ has been to和have/ has gone to和have/ has been in的用法 have been to “曾经去过…（去了回来了）” have gone to “去某地（去了没回来）” have been in “曾住在某地” Eg: I have been to the Great Wall. 我去过长城了。 He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。 I have been in Beijing for 3 years. 我曾在北京住了三年。 【即学即用】 ( )1. -- Why are you worried? -- I’m expecting a call from my daughter. She ______ New for three days. Has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come in 答案：A Here, eating is a special time for people to connect. 在这里，用餐是人们建立关系的特殊时刻。 【用法讲解】 eating为动名词作主语，作主语时谓语动词需用单数形式。 Eg: Watching too much TV is bad for our eyes. 看太多电视对我们的眼睛不好。 【即学即用】 ________ (listen) to English songs is a good way to learn English. 答案：listening One day, my host was nice enough to invite me to dinner, and he was so hospitable. 有一天，我的房东非常友好地邀请我共进晚餐，他非常好客。 【用法讲解】 invite为动词，译为“邀请”。 【常见搭配】 invite sb. to 地点 邀请某人去某地 Invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 Eg: He invited me to her home. 他邀请我去她家。 They invited her to go for a walk. 他们邀请她一起去散步。 【派生词】 invitation为名词，译为“邀请”。 Eg: I got an invitation from my best friend to her birthday party. 我收到我最好朋友生日派对的邀请。 【即学即用】 I have an open ________ (invite) to visit my friend in America. She invited me _________ (have) dinner this evening. 答案： 1. invitation 2. to have They usually ask if everything is OK or if you want another drink. 他们通常会问一切时候安好，或者你是否想再来一杯。 【用法讲解】 if为连词，译为“如果”，常常用来引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句为将来时，从句为一般现在时。 Eg: If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我就呆在家里。 if也可以译为“是否”，用来引导宾语从句，时态随实际情况而定。 Eg: I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否下雨。 【即学即用】 ( )1. If it _______ tomorrow, we _______ at home. will rain; rain B. rains; stay C. rains; will stay D. will rain; will stay 答案：C But if you are in another country, my advice: when in Rome, do as the Romans do. 但如果你在另一个国家，我的建议是：入乡随俗。 【用法讲解】Advice为不可数名词，译为“建议”，可以用much, a little等词修饰。 【常见搭配】 a piece of advice 一条建议 Some advice 一些建议 Eg: I need some advice about how to learn English. 我需要一些关于如何学英语的建议。 【派生词】 advice的动词形式为advise，译为“建议”。 【常见搭配】advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 Eg: She advised me to go there by bus. 她建议我坐公交车去那。 【知识拓展】suggestion为可数名词，译为“建议”，可以用many, a few等词修饰。 Eg: There are many suggestions for improving the workflow. 有许多改进工作流程的建议。 【常见搭配】 make a suggestion 提出建议 Accept a suggestion 接受建议 Eg: May I make a suggestion about the schedule? 我可以对日程安排提个建议吗？ They accepted my suggestion to reduce costs. 我们接受了我消减成本的建议。 【派生词】 suggest为动词，译为“建议”。 【常见搭配】suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 Eg: I suggest going for a walk after dinner. 我建议晚饭后去散步。 注意：suggest后接that从句，从句中谓语动词用原形。 Eg: I suggest that you ask for advice. 我建议你咨询建议。 【即学即用】 ( )1. My parents gave me a lot of good _______ when I was growing up. advice B. advise C. suggestions D. suggest 答案：A Don’t walk too fast in case you run into someone. 不要走太快，以免撞到别人。 【用法讲解】 case为名词，译为“情况、案例、箱子”等；case还可为动词，译为“把...装入箱中”。 Eg: This is a classic case of miscommunication. 这是沟通不畅的典型案例。 The police are investigating the case. 警方正在调查此案。 She packed her books in a wooden case. 她把书装进木箱里。 【常见搭配】 in case 以防、万一 In any case 无论如何 In no case 绝不 Eg: Take an umbrella in case it rains. 带把伞以防下雨。 In any case, we must finish the project by Friday. 无论如何，我们必须周五前完成项目。 In no case should you ignore safely rules. 你绝不能忽视安全规则。 【即学即用】 我会买些零食，以防客人来了。 I’ll buy some snacks _______ ________ guests come. 答案：in case He would never lie or cheat. 你从不撒谎或欺骗。 【用法讲解】 lie作动词译为“平躺”等时，其过去式为lay，过去分词为lain；lie作动词，译为“说谎”时过去式为lied，过去分词为lied；lie还可作名词，译为“谎言”。 Eg: The cat is lying on the floor. 猫躺在地板上。 He lied about his grades. 他撒谎了关于他的成绩。 He told a lie to cover up his mistake. 他撒谎来掩盖他的错误。 【常见搭配】 tell a lie 说谎 Lie to sb. 对某人说话 Lie down 躺下 Lie in bed 躺在床上 The lie of the land 形势、局势 Eg: You shouldn’t tell a lie. 你不应该说谎。 Don’t lie to me! 别对我说谎！ Let me lie down for a rest. 让我躺下休息一会儿。 He was lying in bed, sound asleep. 他正躺在床上，睡得很香。 Before making a decision, we need to know the lie of the land. 在做决定之前，我们需要了解局势。 【即学即用】 我累了。我需要躺一会儿休息一下。 I’m tired. I need to ________ _______ for a while. ( )2. He _______ a layer of hay in the field. 答案： 1. lie down 2. D He was too honest to take others’ things, even though no one knew who owned the pear tree. 他太诚实了，不会拿别人的东西，即使没人知道这棵梨树是谁的。 【用法讲解】own此处为形容词，译为“自己的、本人的”，own也可作动词，译为“拥有”。 Eg: I have my own car. 我有自己的车。 She wants to have a place of her own. 她想要拥有自己的地方。 He owned a new car. 他拥有一辆新车。 【常见搭配】 one’s own + 名词 某人自己的... On one’s own 独自地、靠自己 Eg: This is my own room. 这是我自己的房间。 She decided to learn to drive on her own. 她决定自学开车。 【派生词】 owner为可数名词，译为“主人、拥有者”。 Eg: Jane is the owner of the house. 简使这栋房子的主人。 【即学即用】 ( )1. Jack has his _______ cows and horses. He is an _______ of a farm. owns; own B. own; owner C. owner; own D. own; own I met the _________ (own) of the local cafe yesterday, he’s a really nice guy. 答案：1. B 2. owner It may harm the artwork. 这可能会损坏艺术作品。 【用法讲解】harm为名词动词，译为“对..有害”；harm也可为动词，译为“伤害”。 Eg: Hard work never did anyone any harm. 努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。 Pollution can harm marine life. 污染会危及海洋生物。 【常见搭配】 do harm to sb. 对某人有害 Eg: He did harm to me intentionally. 他故意对我造成伤害。 【派生词】 harmful为形容词，译为“有害的”。 Eg: Harmful chemicals were released into the air. 有害化学物质被释放到空气中。 【常见搭配】 be harmful to do sth. 对...有害 It is harmful to do sth. 做某事是有害的 Eg: Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟对你的健康有害。 It is harmful to drink too much alcohol. 喝太多的酒有害。 【即学即用】 躺在床上看书对你的眼睛是有害的。 Reading bed will _______ _______ _______ your eyes. Tears help to protect the eye from potentially ________ (harm) foreign bodies. 答案：1. do harm to 2. harmful This is quite impolite because it will trouble other visitors. 这很不礼貌，因为这会打扰其他参观者。 【用法讲解】 trouble为可数名词，译为“困难、烦恼、麻烦事”等，其复数形式为troubles；trouble还可为动词，译为“使忧虑、使苦恼”。 Eg: The student’s failing grades troubled his parents deeply. 这个学生成绩不及格使其父母深感忧虑。 Scientists are putting a good face on the troubles. 科学家们对这些困难似乎不以为意。 I’m having trouble finding anything new to say on this subject. 在这个课题上要提出什么新看法，我有困难。 【常见搭配】 have trouble (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面有困难 Get into trouble 陷入麻烦 Get out of trouble 走出困境 Make trouble 惹事生非 Be in trouble 处于困境中 Take the trouble 不怕费力 Eg: I have trouble understanding the instructions. 他理解这些指示有困难。 She got into trouble with the law. 她惹上了官司。 With his help, I got out of trouble quickly. 在他的帮助下，我很快走出了困境。 He always makes trouble for others. 他总是给别人惹麻烦。 He is in trouble and needs our help. 他遇到了麻烦，需要我们的帮助。 He took the trouble to explain the problem to me. 他不怕费力地向我解释了这个问题。 【即学即用】 I have trouble ___________ (understand) this passage. 别惹事，否则你会有麻烦的。 Don’t ________ ________, or you will ______ ______ _______. 答案：1. understanding 2. make trouble; get into trouble Do not rush your meal unless you have to leave in a hurry. 除非你得匆忙离开，否则不要匆忙用餐。 【用法讲解】 hurry在此处为名词，译为“匆忙”；hurry还可为动词，译为“催促、匆忙”。 Eg: She hurried to finish her homework before dinner. 她匆忙在晚饭前完成作业。 Don’t hurry the cook or the food will be ruined. 别催厨师，否则食物会做坏。 In his hurry, he forgot the keys. 匆忙中他忘了带钥匙。 【常见搭配】 do sth. in a hurry = hurry to do sth. 匆忙做某事 Hurry up 赶快、快点 Hurry sb, to do sth. 催促某人做某事 Eg: He hurried to get the doctor. = He get the doctor in a hurry. 他急忙去请医生。 Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 快点，不然要迟到了。 Don’t hurry him to drive beyond the speed limit. 不要催他开车超过规定车速。 【派生词】 hurried为形容词，译为“匆忙的”； hurriedly为副词，译为“匆忙地”； Eg: She gave a hurried reply before leaving the meeting. 她在离开会议前匆忙给出了答复。 He hurriedly packed his bags to catch the last train. 他匆忙收拾行李去赶末班车。 【即学即用】 He hurried __________ (call) an ambulance after the accident. 答案：to call When you are about to leave, don’t forget to say “thank you”. 当你即将离开时，不要忘记说“谢谢”。 【用法讲解】 be about to译为“即将、正要（做某事）”。 Eg: The plane is about to take off. Please fasten your seat belt. 飞机即将起飞，请系好安全带。 【常见搭配】 be about to do sth. When... 正要做某事，这时... Eg: He was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door. 他正要上床睡觉，这时有人敲门。 【即学即用】 我正要离开，这时电话响了。 I ______ _______ _______ leave when the phone rang. 答案：was about to We should follow these rules to make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. 我们应该遵守这些规则，以确保客人和主人在餐桌上都感到自在。 【用法讲解】 make sure译为“确保、保证”，后可接名词或that从句。 Eg: We and our friends will make sure of that. 我们和我们的朋友要确保这一点。 Mare sure that you join the queue inside the bank. 在银行里一定要排队。 【知识拓展】 Sure 可为副词，译为“当然；一定；的确”；sure也可为形容词，译为“一定的；确信的；有把握的”。 【常见搭配】 Be sure + that从句 = be sure to do sth. “确信...” Be sure about sth. “对某事确信” Eg: I’m sure that I will pass the exam. = I’m sure to pass the exam. 我确信通过考试。 He isn’t sure about the new word’s meaning. 他不确定这个新词的意思。 【即学即用】 ( )1. I _____ my resolutions and I make sure I will try my best to keep them. am sure B. sure about C. am sure about D. am sure to 你一定要告诉你弟弟明天练习的事。 _______ ______ to give your brother the message about practice tomorrow. 答案：1. C 2. Make sure 语法解析 enough用法 enough为副词，译为“充分地”，通常放在形容词或副词之后；enough也可作形容词，译为“足够的”，放在名词前作定语。 Eg: He is tall enough to play basketball. 他足够高可以打篮球。 We have enough time to finish the work. 我们有足够的时间来完成这项工作。 【常见搭配】 be + 形容词 + enough + for sb. + to do sth. 对某人来说做某事... Eg: The book is easy enough for you to read. 这本书对你来说很容易读。 注意：enough to结构和so...that结构可以转换。 Eg:The young man is strong enough to carry that heavy box. = The young man is so strong that he can carry that heavy box. 这个年轻人是如此强壮，以至于他能搬动那个重箱子。 Too + 形容词 + to do用法 too表示“太、过于”，指数量或程度超出了需要或可接受的范围，常用位于形容词、副词之前，修饰形容词、副词。 Eg: Don’t talk too loudly. 不要太大声说话。 【常见搭配】 “too + 形容词 (+ for sb.) to do sth.”译为“太...而不能...”；其同义词组为“so + 形容词 + that从句”。 Eg: The box is too heavy for me to carry. = The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it. 这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。 写作 话题：Write your article about “good manners”. * 提示： ... greet each other by doing ... When you ..., you should/ shouldn’t... It is polite/ impolite to ... This is the way of showing ... It can be hard at first to get used to... When you..., don’t forget to/ remember to... * 写作步骤 定文体(记叙文)、人称(第一、三人称)、时态(一般现在时、一般过去时) * 范文： Good manners help people communicate better by showing kindness and respect. Simple words like “please” and “thank you”, along with listening carefully, can solve problems and make relationships stronger. Last year, my friend and I argued about a group project. Instead of getting angry, we talked calmly. I said, “Your idea is good, but maybe we can try this...” My friend listened and shared her thoughts too. By being polite, we found a way to work together. In the end, our project was successful, and we became closer friends. Let’s show good manners every day. It is polite to smile often, speak kindly, and listen to others. Even small actions can make communication easier. Remember, good manners build happy connections between people!