人教版八上英语专题04 情态动词 的用法【精讲精练】（原卷版）

这是一份人教版八上英语专题04 情态动词 的用法【精讲精练】（原卷版），共6页。试卷主要包含了语法概述等内容，欢迎下载使用。
语法精讲
一、语法概述
情态动词can除了表示能力、许可和猜测之外，还可以表示邀请。表示邀请时，culd比can更礼貌、更委婉。
can表示邀请的基本用法
1.can表示邀请时常用一般疑问句句式，结构为：Can+主语+动词原形+其他？
Eg.Can yu g fishing with me this afternn? 今天下午你能和我一起去钓鱼吗?
2.对于用情态动词can发出的邀请，回答时主要有两种情况：
（1）接受邀请(肯定回答)：
★ Yes, sure./Yes, I'd lve（like） t. 是的，当然。/是的，我很乐意。(t不可省略)
★ Sure/Of curse. 当然可以
★ Thanks fr asking/inviting/yur invitatin. 谢谢邀请。
（2）拒绝邀请(否定回答)：
★ Srry, I'm nt available./I'm srry, + 理由。对不起，我没有空
★ I'm srry. I’m nt free.I have 抱歉，我没空，我不得不……
★ I'd lve t,but I'm afraid I can't. I have 我很乐意，但是恐怕不行。我不得不……
【拓展延伸】表示提出邀请、请求、建议或征求别人的意见的表达方式有：
❤ Let's + d sth. 咱们做某事吧。
eg：Let's g shpping. 咱们去购物吧。 Let's play ftball. 让我们踢足球吧。
❤ Shall we + d sth. ? 我们做某事好吗？
eg：Shall we g ut fr a walk? 我们出去散步好吗？
❤ Wuld yu mind (nt) + ding sth. ? 你介意(不)做某事吗？
eg：Wuld yu mind clsing the dr? 你介意关上门吗？
❤ Hw/What abut ding sth. ? 做某事怎么样？
eg：Hw abut playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？
❤Yu'd better (nt) d sth. 你最好(不要)做某事。
eg：Yu'd better nt read such bks. 你最好不要看这样的书。
❤ Why dn't yu d sth.?=Why nt d sth. ? (你)为什么不做某事呢？
eg：Why dn't yu ask yur teacher? =Why nt ask yur teacher? 为什么不问你的老师呢？
❤ Wuld yu like ( nt) t d sth. ? 你愿意(不)做某事吗？
eg：Wuld yu like t have a rest? 你想休息一会儿吗？
❤ Wuld/Culd yu please (nt) d sth. ? 请你(不要)做某事好吗？
eg：Wuld yu please wait fr me? 请你等等我好吗？
拓展：
1、can的其它用法
1）表示能力，与be able t同义，但can只用于现在时和过去时，be able t可用于各种时态。
He can speak three languages. 他会说三种语言。
注：can 引导的一般疑问句的回答：Can yu … ? Yes, I can / N,I can’t.
2）表示推测 “可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。（can’t表示一定不是）
-Is the man Mr Wang ?那个人是王先生吗？
-N, It can’t be him. Because he has gne t Beijing .不，一定不是他，因为他去了北京。
2. may 用法
1）表允许，请求= can
表示许可或征求对方的许可，常于第一人称连用。
注：May 引导的一般疑问句的回答：May I ….? Yes ,yu may N, yu can’t / mustn’t .
在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly.
2）表推测，可能、也许。常用于肯定句中。
Maybe he knws the news .他可能知道那个消息。
=He may be the news.
3. must
1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。
Yu must finish yur hmewrk first tday . 今天你必须首先完成作业。
注：Must 引导的一般疑问句的回答：Must I ….? Yes, yu must / N,yu needn’t(dn’t have t ).
--Must we hand in ur exercise—bks nw?
--N, yu needn’t. / N, yu dn’t have t.
2）mustn’t 表禁止、不允许。
Yu mustn’t talk t her like that.你不准像那样和她谈话。
3）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中must改为can .
He must be ill. He lks s pale. 他一定是生病了，他看起来脸色如此苍白。
基础训练
1．—________ yu g t the mvies with us tmrrw?
—Sure, I’d lve t.
A．CanB．DC．AreD．Did
2．—Mum, ________ I g climbing with Lucy this hliday?
—Yes, yu can.
A．wuldB．must
C．needD．can
3．—________ I hang ut with my friend, Mum?
— Sure, but yu ________ finish yur hmewrk first.
A．Can; have tB．Can; mightC．Must; have tD．Must; might
4．—Mm, culd I use yur smart phne?
—I’m afraid yu ________. Yur brther is having a lessn n it.
A．can’tB．mustn’tC．needn’tD．may nt
5．—Mm, ________ I watch TV this evening?
—N, yu can’t. Yu must d yur hmewrk.
A．dB．amC．canD．must
6．—I’m hungry. Culd I have sme fd?
—Sure, yu _________. I’ll _________ sme at nce.
A．culd; takeB．culd; bringC．can; takeD．can; bring
7．—It is t ht tday. ________ I swim in the river, Mm?
—N, yu ________. It’ s t dangerus!
A．Shuld; can’tB．Can; mustn’tC．May; needn’tD．Must; needn’t
8．—Culd I ride an electric (电动的)bicycle t schl, Mr Wang?
— N, yu ______. Students under the age f 16 _________ ride it.
A．culdn’t; mustn’tB．culdn’t; mustC．can’t; mustn’tD．can’t; must
9．--- Can I g fishing with yu, Dad?
--- I'm srry yu . Yu must stay at hme and d yur hmewrk.
A．wn'tB．can'tC．dn'tD．aren't
10．—Culd I use yur cmputer, Dad? —Srry, yu _______. I’m ging t wrk n it.
A．wuldn’tB．can’tC．needn’tD．dn’t have t
11．---May I g hme nw, Miss White?
---N, yu_____. Yu _____stay here?
A．needn’t, mustB．can’t, mustC．mustn’t, mayD．needn’t, have t
12．— May I stp my car here?
— N, yu_＿＿＿.
A．can’tB．wn’tC．needn’tD．dn’t have t
13．—______ yu tell Linda t cme here earlier tmrrw?
—Sure，n prblem.
A．ShuldB．CanC．NeedD．Must
14．——May I watch TV, Dad?
——When yur hmewrk is finished, yu ______
A．shuldB．canC．mustD．need
15．—Culd yu please cme t the library with me tmrrw?
—Srry, I ________. I’ll have a pian lessn.
A．mustn’tB．needn’tC．culdn’tD．can’t
16．—Kim, ________ yu please rder tw tickets fr the mvie Breaking Thrugh?
—Yes, sure. I’ll rder them nline.
A．culdB．mustC．needD．shuld
17．—________ yu give me a hand? I can't mve the bx by myself.
—N prblem.
A．CuldB．ShuldC．MustD．Need
18．—Sam, ________ I jin yu in the cmmunity service?
—Of curse yu can.
A．canB．mustC．shuldD．need
19．— I g ut with my friends,Mm?
—N,yu can’t.Yu must d yur hmewrk first.
A．MustB．Have t
C．DD．Can
20．—May I call yu tmrrw mrning?
—Of curse yu________.
A．mustB．shuldC．canD．need
提升训练
1．（23-24八年级上·山东菏泽·期末）—Mm, ________ I hang ut with my friends?
—Sure, but yu ________ get hme befre 9:00 p.m.
A．can; mightB．can; have tC．must; have tD．must; might
2．（23-24八年级上·河北石家庄·期末）—________ yu help me prepare fr my party?
—Sure, I’d lve t.
A．CanB．ShuldC．MustD．Might
3．（23-24八年级上·江苏泰州·期末）— May I g ut t play basketball nw?
— N, yu ________. Yu ________ finish yur hmewrk first.
A．may nt; mayB．can’t; canC．can’t; mustD．mustn’t; may
4．（23-24八年级上·湖北武汉·期末）— Culd I brrw yur dictinary?
— Of curse yu ________.
A．culdB．willC．shuldD．can
5．（23-24八年级上·河北沧州·期末）—________ yu cme t my party n Sunday?
—Sure. I’d lve t.
A．CanB．MightC．ShuldD．Will
6．（22-23八年级上·四川广元·期末）—Jenny, ________ I jin the schl music club?
—Of curse, yu can.
A．canB．mustC．needD．might
7．（23-24八年级上·湖北·期末）—Must I clean the classrm at nce?
—N, yu ________. Yu ________ clean it after schl.
A．needn’t; mustB．needn’t; canC．mustn’t; canD．can’t; must
8．（23-24八年级上·湖北武汉·期末）—It’s such a lng way if I walk.
—Dn’t wrry. Yu __________ share a ride with me if yu’re in a hurry.
A．shuldB．canC．mustD．have t
9．（23-24八年级上·重庆潼南·期末）—________ we play sccer here?
—N, yu ________ play it near the rad. It’s t dangerus.
A．Can; canB．Can; mustn’tC．Must; mayD．Can’t; wn’t
10．（23-24八年级上·甘肃平凉·期末）—________ I play basketball with my friends this afternn?
—Yes, but yu ________ finish yur hmewrk first.
A．Must; mayB．Shuld; canC．Can; mustD．May; can
11．（22-23八年级上·辽宁抚顺·期末）— Mr. Ga, ________ yu cme t ur schl shw this Friday?
— Srry. I have t g t the weekly meeting.
A．canB．mustC．needD．shuld
12．（22-23八年级上·四川凉山·期末）—________ yu help me mve this table? It’s t heavy.
—N prblem.
A．CanB．ShuldC．MustD．Need
13．（22-23八年级上·重庆梁平·期末）—Dad, ________ I play chess with yu this afternn?
—Sure, but yu ________ finish yur hmewrk first.
A．may; culdB．may; can’tC．can; mustD．can; mustn’t
14．（22-23八年级上·河北石家庄·期末）—________ yu g ut t have dinner with me tnight, Laura?
—That’s very kind f yu, but I have ther plans.
A．CanB．ShuldC．MustD．Need
15．（22-23八年级上·江西吉安·期末）—Mm, ________ I play basketball with my friends this afternn?
—Yes, but yu ________ finish yur hmewrk first.
A．must; mayB．may; canC．can; mustD．shuld; can
16．（22-23八年级上·吉林长春·期末）— ________ yu cme t my party this Saturday?
— I dn’t knw. I ________ g t the dctr.
A．Must; mightB．Can; canC．Can; mightD．Must; can
17．（22-23八年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）—________ yu cme t my birthday party this weekend?
—I’m srry, I’m nt free. I might have t meet my friend.
A．CanB．MustC．Shuld
18．（22-23八年级上·北京延庆·期末）— Jim, yu brught the rubbish bags, didn’t yu? ________ yu give me ne?
— Sure. Here yu are.
A．CanB．NeedC．MustD．Shuld
19．（22-23八年级上·重庆渝北·期末）— Mum, it’s t ht. ________ I swim in the lake with my friends?
— N, yu ________. It’s t dangerus.
A．Can, mustn’tB．need, can’tC．Wuld, can’tD．Must, mustn’t
20．（22-23八年级上·山东青岛·期末）—________ I hang ut with my friend, Mum?
— Sure, but yu ________ finish yur hmewrk first.
A．Can; have tB．Can; mightC．Must; have tD．Must; might