2026年高考英语（外研版）一轮复习配套课件 14 特殊句式

第二讲　特殊句式句法篇考点一　省略1.状语从句的省略当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式,且主语和主句的主语一致或其主语是it时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。I felt worried 　　　　　　　　　the documentary.(译林必三U1) 看纪录片的时候我很担心。when watchingYou can find Joe and sign up 　　　　　　　　. (译林选三U1)如果你愿意帮忙,你可以找到乔并报名。　　　　　　　　 in a group,make eye contact with others to make sure that they can understand and are interested.(译林选三U1) 在小组讨论时,与他人进行眼神交流,以确保他们能理解并感兴趣。if willing to helpWhile discussing[点拨]　在英语中,有些固定结构通常看作习惯上的省略结构。if ever如果曾经;如果将来某个时候if possible如果可能的话if any如果有的话if anything如果有什么的话if so如果这样的话if necessary如果有必要if not如果不这样的话2.不定式的省略在一定的上下文中为了避免重复,可以省略不定式和前面句子中相同的动词(短语),只保留不定式符号to,否定形式的省略用not to。但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be、have(作助动词用),通常保留be或have。The emperor cannot break his promise,although he 　　　　　　　.(译林选三U1) 皇帝不能违背他的诺言,尽管他想这么做。would like to考点二　倒装1.完全倒装完全倒装是把句子的谓语全部放在主语的前面。(1)now、then、here、there、out、in、up、down、away、off等表示时间、地点(方位)的副词位于句首,且句子的主语为名词,其谓语动词为go、leave、come、run等不及物动词或be动词时,句子需要完全倒装。There 　　　　　　　　,the quiet girl who sat next to me in music class. 站在那里的是萨拉,在音乐课上坐在我旁边的安静女孩。Oh look,here 　　　　　　　　.How are you,son?(外研必一U3) 呦,看,我儿子来了。最近怎么样啊,儿子?[点拨]　当以上副词位于句首时,若句子的主语为名词,则句子要完全倒装;若句子的主语是人称代词,则不能倒装。Away they went.他们走了。stood Sarahcomes my boy(2)表示地点或方位的介词短语位于句首,且主语为名词,谓语一般为 be 动词、stand、lie、sit 等时,句子需要完全倒装。In her palms 　　　　　　　　her parents had given her for getting top marks. 她手心里握着的是父母给她的考了满分的奖励。(3)为了强调句子的表语或保持句子平衡,将作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语或such 置于句首时,且主语为名词,句子需要完全倒装。Present at the meeting 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 出席会议的是大一新生。was the rewardare the freshmen2.部分倒装只把谓语的一部分(系动词be、助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前,而把谓语的其他部分仍留在主语之后。(1)“only+状语”置于句首时,主句要进行部分倒装。Only recently 　　　　　　　　　　　　　  the importance of taking exercise.直到最近我才意识到锻炼的重要性。have I become aware ofOnly when we learn to exist in harmony with nature _____________being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.(人教必二U1) 我们只有学会与自然和谐共处,才能不再威胁野生动物和我们的地球。can we stop(2)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有:never、seldom、rarely、little、few、at no time、by no means、no longer、hardly/scarcely...when...、no sooner...than...、not only...but also...、not until、nowhere、neither...nor...等。Not until the next day 　　　　　　　　that he was the uncle of my student. 直到第二天我才知道他是我学生的叔叔。did I find outNot only 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 —it is said that he created an average of 500 paintings a year—but　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a variety of painting  styles,ranging from detailed portraits to expressive landscapes.(北师大必三U7)他不仅工作效率极高——据说他平均每年创作500幅画——而且他还能够掌握各种绘画风格,从精细的肖像画到富有表现力的风景画。was he extremely productivehe was also able to master(3)so/such...that...结构中的so、such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule.这场排球比赛意义重大,每个人都应该提前到达我们学校的体育馆。So significant is the volleyball match that(4)as引导让步状语从句时,必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面(though引导让步状语从句可倒装也可不倒装,although引导让步状语从句不倒装)。句子的倒装语序有以下三种形式:·形容词或副词+as+主语+连系动词be或实义动词。·名词+as+主语+连系动词be (注意句首的名词不带冠词)。·实义动词+as+主语+情态动词/助动词[如果没有助动词,则要加上一个do(does或did)]。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,great  warmth filled his heart like never before.尽管雨下得很冷,但他心中却充满了前所未有的温暖。　　　　　　　　　　  his courage,I don’t think he acted wisely.尽管我很佩服他的勇气,但我认为他的行为并不明智。　　　　　　　　　　　,he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子,但他知道很多。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, he couldn’t solve the problem.虽然他很努力,但他还是没能解决这个难题。Cold as the rain wasMuch as I admireChild as he isTry as/though he might(5)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。I’m so excited at the news and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Mary and Tom. 我对这个消息感到兴奋,我的朋友玛丽和汤姆也是。so are my friends考点三　强调句型1.强调句型的结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。在理解强调句型时,考生要注意以下五点:(1)判断所强调的成分是人还是物:·强调“人”且作主语时,引导词常用that或who。·强调“人”且作宾语时,引导词常用that。·强调“物”时,引导词用that。·即强调“人”又强调“物”时,引导词用that。　　　　　　 when I got back to my apartment 　　　　　　I first came across my new neighbors. 正当我回到公寓的时候,我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。　　　　　　 John 　　　　　　I met at the party last night. 我昨晚在派对上见到的就是约翰。It wasthatIt wasthat(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构:Is/Was+it+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分?(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分?(4)含not...until...的强调句型:It is/was not until+...+that+其他部分。(5)在强调句型中,把句子中的“It is/was...that/who”去掉之后,句子依然成立。　　　　　　　　 Caroline Unger,one of the singers,took his arm and turned him to face the audience 　　　　　　the great man realised his symphony was a success.(北师大必三U7) 直到其中的一位歌手卡罗琳·昂格尔拉着他的手臂转向观众,这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐取得了成功。I don’t find it easy to learn languages,and 　　　　　　only by studying very hard 　　　　　　I can improve my English.(北师大选二U6) 我发现学习语言并不容易,而且只有通过非常努力地学习,我才能提高我的英语。It was not untilthatit isthat2.如果需要强调谓语,应用助动词“do/does/did+动词原形”形式。该结构只用于肯定句,并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。Reading e-books regularly 　　　　　　harm to readers’ sight and health. 经常读电子书确实对读者的视力和健康有害。I don’t take much exercise now,but I 　　　　　　playing football when I was in junior school. 我现在很少锻炼,但我上初中时的确喜欢踢足球。does dodid like考点四　感叹句　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, like never before,we had!我们度过了一个从未有过的令人兴奋的假期!　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  to his patients!他对病人是多么体贴和关心啊!What a thrilling vacationHow considerate and concerned he was考点五　祈使句祈使句常用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略),有时也可用everybody、someone、anybody等不定代词。祈使句的否定式一般在动词原形前加don’t或never。其强调形式可以在谓语动词前面加do。祈使句的4种形式:(1)动词原形(+宾语+其他成分)。(2)Be+表语,如Be honest。(3)Let’s/Let us do/not do sth.(4)祈使句+and/or+简单句(谓语用一般将来时)。　　　　　　 forget to lock the door. 别忘了锁门。Hurry up 　　　　　　we’ll be late for the movie. 快点,否则我们看电影要迟到了。Don’torⅠ.单句语法填空1.The lamp has a diameter of 11.3 cm and a height of 16.7 cm when 　　　　　　(close).(2025·邵阳高三二模) 2.It is the problems they need to solve and the dreams they desire to achieve 　　　　　　get them out of bed.(2025·广州高三三模) 3.Next to the artwork 　　　　　　(be) two Su embroidery (苏绣) works coping with abstract photos taken by US photographer Michael Yamashita.(2025·淮北高三二模) closedthatare4.TCM has been recognized for the potential benefits,particularly when 　　　　　　(use) alongside with modern medicine.(2025·焦作高三三模) 5.Not only 　　　　　　(be) these dragons decorations,but they also carry the essence of Chinese.(2025·安庆高三三模) 6.While self-driving cars run back and forth through the district, giving off a future science fiction atmosphere,just 40 kilometers away 　　　　　(lie) Songji ancient town.(2025·山西名校联考高三二模) usedarelies7.But this time, 　　　　　　was highland barley flour from Xizang that helped Lin and Feng beat their peers.(2025·亳州高三三模) 8.The philosophies of thousands of years ago are still visible and influencing the culture today,even if not 　　　　　　(recognize) by name.(2025·娄底高三二模) 9.Dressed in colorful costumes,performers wave wooden sticks in their hands while 　　　　　　(dance) in orderly formations to the music.(2025·新乡高三三模) itrecognizeddancing10.In the Forbidden City,the dragons,whether 　　　　　　(fly) in the sky,leaping between beams (房梁),or hidden in the details,all tell ancient stories.(2025·青岛高三二模) flyingⅡ.语法与写作1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  remind us of the beauty and goodness within all of us.(强调句型)正是这些小小的举动提醒我们,我们每个人内心都有美好和善良。2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  with such grievance and helplessness that I stood there motionless.(倒装)在我的一生中,我从来没有被这样的委屈和无助所压倒,我一动不动地站在那里。It is these small gestures thatNever before in my life had I been so overwhelmed3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  his arms trembled slightly.(倒装)本兴奋得手臂微微颤抖。4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  but it also motivates our passion to learn English well.(倒装)它不仅丰富了我们的学校生活,也激发了我们学好英语的热情。So excited was Ben thatNot only does it enrich our school life5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I attempted to collect my thoughts, trying to explain the situation in the way as concise as possible.(倒装)尽管我很惊慌,但我还是努力整理思绪,试图用尽可能简洁的方式解释当时的情况。6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the man reached over to grab the torch on the shoe cabinet near the door.(省略)他一边拍着我的肩膀让我平静下来,一边伸手去拿门附近鞋柜上的手电筒。Panicked as/though I wasWhile calming me by patting my shoulderⅢ.语篇提能练You have probably dreamed about 1.　　　　　　 you would change the world,only to find 2.　　　　　　 it seems impossible. However,you may have the power to make the world better with baby steps.That’s the idea behind the BA Challenge,3.　　　　　 is a public service campaign co-initiated by social media.It asks people to do something positive and then record the changes before and after. 4.__________ it first appeared on media on Sept.2nd,the BA Challenge has attracted millions of viewers and participants.5. 　　　　　these little things may be easily ignored in our daily lives,they are well received by many viewers. 答案　1.how　[考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　 you would change the world”是介词about的宾语,根据句意“你也许梦想如何改变世界”可知,此处用how引导宾语从句。] 2.that　[考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　 it seems impossible”是find的宾语,从句在结构和句意上均完整,故用that引导宾语从句。] 3.which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该句是非限制性定语从句,先行词是the BA Challenge,指物,从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。]4.Since　[考查状语从句。该主句是现在完成时,从句是一般过去时,根据时间先后可知,“BA挑战首次出现在媒体上”是发生在“吸引了数百万观众和参与者”之前的动作,故此处用since引导时间状语从句,表“自从”。]5.Though/Although/While　[考查状语从句。根据设空后的“这些小事在我们的日常生活中很容易被忽视”和“他们受到很多观众的欢迎”是让步关系,应用Though/Although/While“尽管”引导让步状语从句。]层级一　模拟达标练1.But,contrary to their expectations,Lin Zexu stuck to his duty, declaring,“I will not return to Beijing 　　　　　　opium (鸦片) is destroyed.”(2025·东北三省三校高三三模) 2.Lin Zexu is also considered as a great hero,　　　　　　 fought against opium (鸦片) when seriously alarmed at the negative effect that the highly addictive drug was having on China.(2025·东北三省三校高三三模) until/unlesswho3.Looking back,Gates says 　　　　　　changed her life was the decision to visit Asia when she was young.(2025·南平高三三模) 4.When mending the broken cover of a teacup,Nie could have just added a couple of metal staples (订书钉) to reconnect the broken parts,　　　　　　 he decided to create a bamboo pattern on it.(2025·三明高三三模) whatbut/yet5.It not only offers a way for young people to interact with a city in a meaningful way but also provides them with a new social scene 　　　　　　individuals with similar interests can connect and form friendship.(2025·佛山高三二模) 6.The Chinese dragon in folktale is now commonly seen in creative products such as tear-off calendars,dolls,dragon-themed jewelry as well as the “dragon blind boxes” 　　　　　　appeal to young consumers.(2025·江门高三二模) wherewhich/that7.It means a lot to us to be able to create environments ____________ children can experience the fun and joy of sport.(2025·邯郸高三二模) 8.On the youth lifestyle social media platform,a young woman using the account name @hua posted pictures of herself wearing a T-shirt,in which she showed her bruises 　　　　　　described them as “cool”.(2025·衡水部分示范性高中高三三模) whereand9.“It’s said that there are 108 steps in the process of producing cloisonne goods,” says Zhang Yongzhen,the factory’s director,　　　　　　 has practiced the craft for four decades.(2025·张家口高三三模) 10.Thinking of the first 3 digits (数位) of pi(3.14),you can quickly work out 　　　　　  March 14 was chosen as the date for Pi Day.(2025·郑州高三三模)whowhy层级二　高考真题练1.Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu,　　　　　　 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”,add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare’s hometown.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 2.Of course,shops are not charities—they price goods in the way 　　　　　　will make them the most money.(2024·浙江1月卷) whothat/which3.Tinniswood,　　　　　　 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks,credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life.(2024·北京卷) 4.If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities,that’s 　　　　　　they’ll promote.(2024·浙江1月卷) 5.On a cool,starry night in mid-September 1870,four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 　　　　　　is now northwestern Wyoming.(2024·全国甲卷) whowhatwhat6.To eat a xiao long bao,you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first,releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出),___________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头).(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 7.　　　　　　 I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo,I almost always get a questioning look.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) orWhenever8.　　　　　　 cities balloon with growth,access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) 9.She put the new color on her hair 　　　　sat still for 30 minutes, just as the directions said.(2023·全国乙卷) 10.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago,_______ they record moments we can all relate to.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Asandbut层级三　语篇提能练(2025·连云港高三调研)Shennongjia was so named because it is said to be the place 1.__________ the mythical Emperor Yan (Shennong) once lived.In the remote mountains and forests,Shennong tasted 2.　　　　　　 (vary) herbs to figure out how to use them to cure sickness. Some tourists hope to encounter the legendary yeren (wild man). They may not see any such creature,3.　　　　　　 they are attracted by the rich biodiversity and karst land forms (喀斯特地貌). These days 4.　　　　　　 is the plants and animals that are its biggest 5.　　　　　 (attract).Tourists can enjoy flower blossoms in spring,6.　　　　　　 (shade) from the summer heat,appreciate red leaves in autumn and go skiing in winter.7.　　　　　　 adds to the amazement may be the occasional sight of golden snub-nosed monkeys and constant sounds of birds 8.　　　　　　 (sing). The natural beauty of karst land forms is common.There are waterfalls,pools and a 56-feet-high arch 9.　　　　　　 (create) by nature after centuries of rain erosion (侵蚀).Trips in such a mountainous region depend very much on the weather.An early rise on a misty morning may be rewarded 10.　　　　 a stunning view of a sea of clouds beneath. 答案　1.where　[考查定语从句。句意:神农架之所以得名,是因为据说它是神话中的炎帝(神农)曾经居住的地方。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是the place,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where。]2.various　[考查词性转换。句意:在深山老林中,神农品尝了各种草药,想知道如何用它们治病。此处用形容词various作定语,修饰名词herbs。]3.but　[考查并列连词。句意:他们可能看不到任何这样的生物,但他们被丰富的生物多样性和喀斯特地貌所吸引。前后句是转折关系,用表转折的并列连词but (但是)。]4.it　[考查强调句型。句意:如今,植物和动物是它最大的吸引力。去掉设空处和is以及that句子依然完整,因此此处考查强调句型:it is+强调部分+that+其他。]5.attractions　[考查词性转换和名词的数。句意同上题。结合the plants and animals可知,用可数名词attraction (有吸引力的事)的复数形式。]6.be shaded　[考查语态。句意:游客可以在春天赏花,在夏天避暑,在秋天欣赏红叶,在冬天滑雪。该空是谓语动词,情态动词can后用动词原形,主语Tourists和谓语动词shade是被动关系,用情态动词的被动语态(can be done)。]7.What　[考查名词性从句。句意:更令人惊讶的是,偶尔会看到金丝猴和听到不断的鸟鸣声。该空引导主语从句,从句中缺乏主语,意为“……的事物”,用连接代词what,首字母大写。]8.singing　[考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。分析可知,此处用动词⁃ing形式复合结构birds singing作介词of的宾语,sounds of birds singing“鸟鸣叫的声音”。]9.created　[考查非谓语动词。句意:这里有瀑布、水池和一座56英尺高的拱门,这座拱门是经过几个世纪的雨水侵蚀后自然形成的。分析句子可知,该空作非谓语动词,create和逻辑主语a 56⁃feet⁃high arch是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词作后置定语。]10.with　[考查介词。句意:在一个薄雾蒙蒙的早晨早起,可以欣赏到下面云海的壮丽景色。be rewarded with (得到……的奖赏)。]