2026年高考英语（外研版）一轮复习配套课件 必修第三册 Unit 1　Knowing me, knowing you

Unit 1　Knowing me, knowing you必修第三册单元词句识记内容 索 引单元默写检测核心知识突破关键能力考查写作素养培优课时作业单 元 词 句 识 记Ⅰ.阅读单词1.agony n.　　　　痛楚,苦难2.steam n.蒸汽,水蒸气3.lip n.(嘴)唇4.strategy n.计谋,策略;行动计划5.boxing n.拳击(运动)6.tangled adj.纠结的;复杂的7.web n.蜘蛛网;错综复杂的事物8.weave v.编,织9.deceive v.欺骗10.latter n.后者11.moreover adv.此外,而且Ⅱ.核心单词1.a sense of duty 　　　　　　责任感2.core values 核心价值3.ensure the best experience 确保最佳体验4.be frank with you 坦白跟你讲5.live apart from each other 彼此分开住6.push the fence 猛推栅栏Ⅲ.一词多义1.sink v.使(船)沉没;下沉,下降;坐下;(心情)沮丧,(情绪)低落 n.洗涤槽,水槽①make dock sink 使码头下沉②sink to the bottom of the sea 沉入海底③sink into an armchair 坐到扶手椅上④make their hearts sink 使他们情绪低落⑤place a bowl by the sink 把碗放在水槽旁边2.signal n.信号;暗号;标志 v.发信号,示意;标志①send a signal 发信号②signal a clear change 标志着明显的变化③signal us to stop 示意我们停下④a signal of society progress 社会进步的标志3.tear n.眼泪,泪水 v.撕破①be filled with tears 噙满泪水②tear the letter in two 把信撕成两半Ⅳ.派生单词1.loose adj.说话随便(轻率)的;松散的;控制不严的loosen v.　　　放松,松开,变松,松散2.fault n.责任,过错faulty adj.有故障的,有缺陷的3.resolve v.解决(问题、困难)resolution n.(问题、分歧等的)解决,消除4.breath n.一口气breathe v.呼吸breathless adj.气喘吁吁的5.concern n.忧虑,担心concerned adj.担心的concerning prep.关于,涉及6.annoyed adj.恼怒的,烦恼的annoy v.使烦恼annoying adj.使人烦恼的annoyance n.烦恼7.adjust v.适应,(使)习惯;调整,调节adjustment n.调整,调节8.accident n.意外事件,偶然因素accidental adj.偶然的accidentally adv.偶然地9.complexity n.复杂性,错综复杂complex adj.复杂的10.forgive v.原谅,宽恕forgiveness n.原谅,宽恕11.criticise v.　　 　批评,指责critic n.批评家,评论员critical adj.批判的,爱挑剔的;极其重要的criticism n.批评;评论12.embarrassment n.尴尬,难为情embarrass v.使尴尬;使难堪embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的;令人难堪的embarrassed adj.尴尬的;难堪的;困窘的13.justify v.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理;为……辩护just adj.公正的justice n.公正14.independent adj.独立的depend v.依靠;依赖dependent adj.依赖的;依靠的independence n.独立Ⅴ.短语词块1.help out 　　　　帮一把2.let down 使失望,辜负3.apologise to sb 向某人道歉4.move on 前进;离开5.take a breath 吸一口气6.calm down 冷静;(使)平静下来7.settle down 定居下来,过安定的生活8.tell a lie 说谎9.in a mess 陷入困境;混乱,杂乱10.by accident 偶然,意外地11.be angry with sb 生某人的气12.be sure to do sth 一定做某事13.let off steam 发泄怒火,宣泄情绪14.loose lips sink ships 祸从口出15.pull one’s weight 做好分内事,尽责Ⅵ.教材佳句1.Anne was shocked by the decision and did not know what to do.(疑问词+动词不定式)安妮对这个决定感到震惊,不知道做什么。2.It is believed that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ(intelligence quotient) in people’s lives.(It is+过去分词+that...)人们相信,在人们的生活中情商的作用甚至比智商更重要。3.Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. (every time引导时间状语从句)也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。4.Embarrassed and ashamed,I can’t concentrate on anything.(心理描写)我既尴尬又羞愧,做什么事都无法集中精力。5.It is understandable in that situation,but we should always think before we speak.(建议信)　这在那种情况下可以理解,但我们在说话前总应该先想清楚。▶构词法日积月累单 元 默 写 检 测Step One　写一写Ⅰ.阅读单词1.be driven by steam 　　　　由　　　　　　　驱动 2.bite his lips 咬他的　　　　　　 3.strategies for reading the original阅读原著的　　　　　　 4.a boxing champion 　　　　　　　冠军 5.weave webs 　　　　　　　　网 6.deceive others 　　　　　　　　别人 蒸汽嘴唇策略拳击织欺骗Ⅱ.核心单词1.　　　　　　 n.职责,义务;责任 2.　　　　　　 adj.核心的(课程、团体等) 3.　　　　　　 v.确保,保证 4.　　　　　　 adj.坦率的,坦诚的,直言不讳的 5.　　　　　　 adv.分离,分开 6.　　　　　　 n.栅栏,围栏,篱笆 dutycoreensurefrankapartfenceⅢ.派生单词1.　　　　　　 adj.说话随便(轻率)的;松散的,控制不严的→ ____________v.放松,松开,变松,松散 2.　　　　　　 n.责任,过错→　　　　　　 adj.有故障的,有缺陷的 3.　　　　　　 n.一口气→　　　　　　　　v.呼吸→___________ adj.气喘吁吁的 4.　　　　　　 n.忧虑,担心→　　　　　　 adj.担心的→ ______________prep.关于,涉及 looseloosenfaultfaultybreathbreathebreathlessconcernconcernedconcerning5.　　　　　　 v.使烦恼→　　　　　　 adj.恼怒的,烦恼的→ ____________ adj.使人烦恼的→　　　　　　n.烦恼 6.　　　　　 v.适应,(使)习惯;调整,调节→　　　　　　 n.调整,调节 7.　　　　　　 v.原谅,宽恕→　　　　　　　n.原谅,宽恕8.　　　　　　 n.批评家,评论员→　　　　　　 adj.批判的,爱挑剔的;极其重要的→　　　　　　　　 v.批评,指责→　　　　　　 n.批评;评论 annoyannoyedannoyingannoyance adjustadjustmentforgiveforgivenesscriticcriticalcriticisecriticism9.　　　　　　 v.使尴尬;使难堪→　　　　　　 adj.令人尴尬的;令人难堪的→　　　　　　 adj.尴尬的;难堪的;困窘的→_____________ n.尴尬,难为情10.　　　　　　 v.依靠;依赖→　　　　　　 adj.依赖的;依靠的→ _______________adj.独立的→　　　　___　　 n.独立 embarrassembarrassingembarrassedembarrassmentdependdependentindependentindependenceⅣ.短语互译1.　　　　　　　　 使失望,辜负 2.　　　　　　　　 说谎 3.　　　　　　　　 定居下来,过安定的生活 4.　　　　　　　　 冷静;(使)平静下来 5.　　　　　　　　 陷入困境;混乱,杂乱 let downtell a liesettle downcalm downin a mess6.by accident 　　　　　　　　　　　　 7.help out 　　　　　　　 8.loose lips sink ships 　　　　　　　 9.let off steam 　　　　　　　　　　 10.pull one’s weight 　　　　　　　　　　 偶然,意外地帮一把祸从口出发泄怒火,宣泄情绪做好分内事,尽责Ⅴ.句式仿写1.句型公式:疑问词+动词不定式Dad cut leftover board into strips and nailed them in a circle on a wood base, showing me　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　.(动作链) 爸爸把剩下的木板切成条状,在木头底座上钉成一个圆圈,向我展示如何把粗糙的边缘弄光滑。how to make the rough edges smooth2.句型公式:It is+过去分词+that...In China,_______________________________________________________________, happiness arrives.(传统文化) 在中国,人们相信当“福”字倒过来的时候,幸福就到来了。3.句型公式:every time引导时间状语从句　　　　　　　　　　　,you’d better take a deep breath and try to relax yourself.(建议信) 每当你惊慌失措的时候,你最好深呼吸,试着放松自己。 it is believed that when the Chinese character “fu” is put upside downEvery time you panicStep Two　练一练Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式1.Having e　　　　　　 that the little monkey was in good condition, we let it go. 2.I advocate that we should strengthen our sense of d_____________to preserve our oceans from being hurt. 3.The f　　　　　　 of the big farm is made of posts joined together with wire. 4.To be f　　　　　　　　　,both of us have the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors. nsuredutyencerankⅡ.根据语境用括号内所给词的正确形式填空1.Our parents are 　　　　　　　　　　about our health.As far as I’m 　　　　　　　　　　,we should talk with them and tell them our 　　　　　　.(concern) 2.It 　　　　　　him that his wife had spent too much money on her clothes.For most men,it was really an 　　　　　　thing.(annoy) concernedconcernedconcernsannoyedannoying3.Yesterday,I climbed the mountain top to 　　　　　　　　the fresh air.Although I became 　　　　　　　　when I was on the top,the ____________of fresh air was worth it. (breath) 4.To our 　　　　　　　,all of us had no money to pay for the bill.In that 　　　　　　　situation,all of us were very 　　　　　　　. (embarrass) 5.Since the country gained its 　　　　　　　　　　　, it has been __________________ of any powerful country.(independence) breathebreathlessembarrassmentembarrassingembarrassedindependenceindependentbreathⅢ.短语填空1.The room was totally 　　　　　　　　and my parents were mad about the messy room. 2.The best things are gotten 　　　　　　　　, often out of our expectation. 3.If he made a promise to you, he never _______you 　　　　　　. in a messby accidentletdown4.I knew that you were struggling, and I just wanted to 　　　　　　. 5.The young man carefully placed the chick in the nest and it quickly 　　　　　　　　. help outcalmed downⅣ.串记练习阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。To be frank,what let Ted down was 1.　　　　 John sometimes told a lie to him and even let off steam.2.　　　　　　(concern) about John,Ted thought it was his duty 3.　　　　　　　 (help) John out to become a 4.　　　　　　　　(good) person,so he pointed out John’s shortcomings.To Ted’s 5.　　　　　　　　　　　(disappoint),JohnthatConcernedto helpbetterdisappointmentmisunderstood that Ted was finding fault with him,6._______made him annoyed.Much to Ted’s agony,John no longer talked with him.It seemed as if their friendship would fall apart and Ted’s heart 7.______ (sink).Resolving to repair their relationship,Ted apologised to John and adjusted his strategy.Moreover,he expressed his opinions more politely instead of criticising him 8.　　　　　　(direct).John took a deep breath,9.　　　　　(ensure) that he would never lie.10._______ tears in eyes,they forgave each other and the two became closer than before. whichsankdirectlyensuringWith核 心 知 识 突 破No.1 热考词汇No.3 写作迁移No.2 熟词生义/一词多义1.fault n.责任,过错,过失→faulty adj.有故障的,有缺陷的佳句背诵　I think it’s not my fault,so I’m writing to you in order to find a way out.(投诉信)我认为这不是我的错,所以我写信给你是为了找到一个解决办法。find fault with　　对……吹毛求疵;挑毛病be at fault 有错;有责任以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作①It is better to make an apology, even though the company is not _________________fault. ②Life can be great when you are not busy 　　　　　　　　　　.(建议信) 当你不忙着吹毛求疵的时候,生活很美好。atfinding fault with it2.annoyed adj.恼怒的(angry),烦恼的→annoy v.使……不悦;惹恼→ annoying adj.使人烦恼的→annoyance n.烦恼佳句背诵　He held his head in his hands, greatly annoyed. (动作+情绪描写)他双手抱头,非常恼火。be annoyed with sb 　　生某人的气be annoyed that... 对……感到生气to one’s annoyance 使某人生气的是以练促学　完成语段She 　　　　　　　　the people who were trying to sell her a TV set again and again.In her opinion,______________________________________________.　　　　　　　　　　　　　, they didn’t stop despite being warned.　她对那些一次次试图向她出售电视机的人感到恼火。在她看来,他们令人讨厌的行为使她非常恼火。让她恼火的是,警告之后他们也没有停止。was annoyed withtheir annoying behaviourannoyed her a lotTo her annoyance3.forgive v.(forgave,forgiven,forgiving)原谅,宽恕(tolerate);免除→forgiveness n.原谅;宽恕 以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作①It’s just as important to show yourself some ___________(forgive).(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) ②He made an apology to his father, begging his father to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  (道歉)他向父亲道歉,恳求父亲原谅他的不良行为。forgivenessforgive him for his bad behavior4.tear n.眼泪;泪水 v.(tore,torn,tearing)撕破佳句背诵　His eyes filled with tears as he stared at me and nodded.(动作描写)他盯着我,点了点头,眼里充满了泪水。in tears　　　　　　　　流着泪;含着泪burst into tears突然大哭起来fight/hold back tears强忍住泪水tear sth apart撕碎某物以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作①Unexpectedly, the strong wind forced the water to tear them _______________again. ②I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　when the judges thought highly of my beautiful voice.  (情绪描写)当评委们高度评价我优美的嗓音时,我忍不住流下了眼泪。③His last word went like a bullet to her heart.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  (情绪描写)他的最后一句话太扎心了。她大哭起来,陷入绝望。apartcouldn’t hold back my tearsShe burst into tears and abandoned herself to despair5.let down使失望,辜负佳句背诵　I am very nervous and in low spirits because I am afraid of letting my parents down.(心理描写)因为害怕让父母失望,我非常紧张,情绪低落。let alone 更不用说let go (of) 放开,松手;放弃,摒弃(想法、态度或控制)let off 宽恕,免除(任务或义务);使爆炸let out 放掉;发出(叫声等);泄露;结束;散场以练促学　用let短语填空①The man’s wife 　　　　　　his hand.Her head dropped, and his lips began to shake. ②When we are 　　　　　　,it is wise to have a positive attitude. ③We hadn’t seen this species of bird before, 　　　　　　its habits. ④The polar bear 　　　　　　one last roar and then scampered off. ⑤Don’t 　　　　　　fireworks near the house.It’s dangerous. let go oflet downlet alonelet outlet offLinda realized it was her fault that made them lost the game.Her teammates were annoyed and gave her cold looks.Tears welled up in her eyes as she feared they would never forgive her for letting them down.But then, one by one, they came to comfort her, and she felt a glimmer of hope.1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思①The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. (2023·浙江1月卷)　　　　　　　 ②Nanxiang aside,the best xiao long bao have a fine skin,allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)　　　　　　　 ③With their ability to see ahead,they could signal any problem,so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.(2022·全国乙卷)　　　　　　　 v.下沉,下降v.撕破v.发出信号2.选出loose的汉语意思A.adj.松的,松动的　B.adj.宽松的 C.adj.(头发)松散的,披着的　D.adj.不严谨的B①Wear comfortable,loose clothing to your exercise class.　　　 ②It’s only a loose translation of the poem.　　　 ③The nails in the wall had worked loose.　　　 ④Her hair was hanging loose to her shoulders.　　　 DAC句型公式:every time引导时间状语从句课本原句:Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit.也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。佳句背诵　From that day on,every time I meet someone who needs help, I always reach out to them.(主旨升华)从那天起,每当我遇到需要帮助的人,我总是向他们伸出援手。To be frank,I became interested in my English teacher’s lesson the first time I attended her class.(人物介绍)　坦白说,我第一次上英语老师的课时就对她的课感兴趣。(1)every time相当于each time,是名词短语用作从属连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“每次……的时候”。(2)the first time可用作连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“第一次……的时候”;for the first time表示“第一次”,独立作状语,不引导从句。以练促学　单句写作/一句多译①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, he always appears at my side in time. 每次我遇到困难,他总能及时出现在我身边。Every time I come up against difficulties②当她被袭击后第一次试图站起来时,她感到头晕目眩,摔倒了。(动作描写)→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 since being attacked, she felt dizzy and fell. (for the first time)→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 since being attacked,she felt dizzy and fell. (the first time)When she tried to stand up for the first timeThe first time she tried to stand up关 键 能 力 考 查维度一　核心知识运用1.When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an 　　　　　　(independence) scientist.(2024·北京卷) 2.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse,Nappy,“moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic __________ (adjust).(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) independentadjustment3.Sitting on a branch,he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.Suddenly,Ziyad let 　　　　 a sharp cry.(2023·浙江1月卷)4.You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice,the more you start to apply it to other,more 　　　　　　(annoy) situations. (2023·全国甲卷) 5.Don’t get caught making an 　　　　　　(embarrass) mistake at a restaurant.(2022·全国甲卷) outannoyingembarrassing6.Much to my delight, she 　　　　　　(forgive) me and later we became best friends. 7.She would, with a flush in her face, criticise us 　　　　　　not studying hard. 8.When a quarrel happens in a family,it is very hard to say who is ____________fault. 9.She had her finger cut by a sharp knife 　　　　　　　accident while she was cutting potatoes. 10.I was astonished by the size and 　　　　 (complex) of the problem.forgaveforatbycomplexity维度二　单句写作1.Some practical suggestions will be offered on 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　and stand out from the crowd in the job market.(疑问词+动词不定式) 就如何为我们未来的工作做好准备并在就业市场中脱颖而出,我们将提供一些实用的建议。how to prepare ourselves for our future jobs2.__________________________________________________________ ______________and some of his famous works will be appreciated.(It is+过去分词+that...)据说,讲座将谈论李白的个人生活,并欣赏他的一些著名作品。3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,  he would respond to/make a response to me immediately.(every time引导时间状语从句)每当我向他寻求建议时,他总是立即给我回复。It’s said that the personal life of Li Bai will be talked about during the lectureEvery time I asked him for advice4.　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　, our English curriculum covers a wide range of topics.(动词-ed形式作状语)为了提高学生的语言熟练度,我们的英语课程涵盖了广泛的主题。5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,  our English drama activity welcomes your registration and the deadline is next Friday.(动词-ed形式作状语)我们的英语戏剧活动定于下个月举行,欢迎您的报名,截止日期为下周五。Designed to enhance students’ language proficiencyScheduled to be held next month维度三　单元知识拾遗They had a fierce argument and things seemed to 1._________________________________.But then, 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,they began to 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. They 4.　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and made promises to change. 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, they hugged and knew their relationship would grow stronger. sink into ahopeless situationbeing frank with each otherresolve their differencesadjusted their expectationsTo ensure a better future他们进行了激烈的争论,事情似乎陷入了绝望的境地。但后来,他们彼此坦诚相待,开始解决他们的分歧。他们调整了他们的期望,并承诺做出改变。为了确保一个更好的未来,他们拥抱在一起,知道他们的关系会变得更加牢固。写 作 素 养 培 优Ⅰ.话题下的应用文专练(建议信——适应新环境)假定你是李华,你的美国朋友Peter来信,说他难以适应新的学校生活,为此写信向你寻求建议。请你根据以下提示,用英语给Peter写一封建议信。内容包括:(1)表示理解;(2)具体建议;(3)表达祝愿。根据提示,利用本单元所学知识翻译句子第一步　字斟句酌　优化表达①听说你很难适应新生活,我很难过。(it作形式主语,adjust)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I am sorry to hear it is difficult for you to adjust yourself to the new life.②我想给你一些建议,我认为不会让你失望的。(let sb down)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ③努力工作。做好分内的事是你的责任。(it作形式主语,duty,pull one’s weight)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I would like to offer some advice to you, which I think won’t let you down.Work hard.It is your duty to pull your weight.④在工作的时候,试着比以前更独立。(independent)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ⑤要乐于助人,友好待人。关心他人对你来说很重要。(concern)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ⑥当他们有困难时,你最好设法帮助他们。(help out)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Try to be more independent than before while you are at work.Be helpful and friendly.It is important for you to show concern for others.When they’re in trouble,you’d better try to help them out.⑦永远记住,祸从口出。(loose lips sink ships)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ⑧如果你无意中说了让别人生气的话,你必须向他们道歉,并尽快请求他们原谅你。(annoyed, by accident, apologise to, forgive)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Always keep in mind that loose lips sink ships.If you say something that makes others annoyed by accident,you must apologise to them and ask them to forgive you as soon as possible.第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇)Dear Peter,I am sorry to hear it is difficult for you to adjust yourself to the new life.I would like to offer some advice to you, which I think won’t let you down.Firstly,work hard.It is your duty to pull your weight.Try to be more independent than before while you are at work.Secondly,be helpful and friendly.It is important for you to show concern for others. When they’re in trouble,you’d better try to help them out.Last but not least,always keep in mind that loose lips sink ships.If you say something that makes others annoyed by accident,you must apologise to them and ask them to forgive you as soon as possible.Best wishes!Yours,Li HuaⅡ.话题下的续写能力提升1.续写语料积累2.场景片段训练(知错就改:题目不会作答→胡乱作答→交试卷不敢直视老师的眼睛→老师很失望,成绩单得了零分→道歉)I was completely lost at these questions, ① ________________________________(动词-ing形式作状语).My mind raced sharply, but I couldn’t find the answer. I swallowed hard, ②_____________________ (独立主格结构). I scribbled down an answer, knowing full well it was a shot in the dark. ③_______________________________(疑问词+分词), ④　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　(倒装),  knowing that the truth was now dramatically obvious.not knowing how tomy throat suddenly dryWhen handing in my testbarely could I look Mr. Smith in the eyes face Mr. SmithWhen receiving the report card,I flushed with shame. It was ⑤____________________________________________________________________________________________________________(not...but...).He didn’t just teach me about the subject matter, but about integrity and courage in the face of challenges. In the end, I admitted my uncertainty and anxiety and apologized for not doing my best. ⑥　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (定语从句+动词-ing形式短语作状语). not just because of the striking red zero next to the second question, but because of the disappointment I saw in Mr. Smith’s eyes It was a tough lesson learned, but one that I would carry with me, shaping my character far more than any test ever could我完全迷失在这些问题中,不知道该如何面对史密斯先生。我的思绪飞快地闪过,但我却找不到答案。我使劲咽了口唾沫,喉咙突然发干。我草草写下了一个答案,心里很清楚这只是瞎猜的。交试卷时,我几乎不敢直视史密斯先生的眼睛,因为我知道真相已经显而易见了。拿到成绩单时,我羞愧得满脸通红。这不仅仅是因为第二题旁边醒目的零分,更是因为我从史密斯先生的眼神中看到了失望。他不仅教我学科知识,还教我面对挑战时的正直和勇气。最后,我承认了自己的不确定和焦虑,并为没有尽力而为道歉。这是一次艰难的教训,但我会铭记于心,它对我性格的塑造远比任何一次考试都重要。课 时 作 业Ⅰ.阅读理解The goal of this book is to introduce some of the cognitive (认知的) prejudices we have—and how misunderstandings can cloud our judgment and affect the people around us. This book also guides us on how to do our best to correct these thinking traps. Here are some examples.The first one is that we tend to be overconfident in our abilities without enough evidence. This can lead us,for example,to mess up career-changing presentations because of lacking preparation,or greatly underestimate the time we may spend in completing the projects.We can correct this propensity by trying it out ourselves. This will quickly put any feelings of overconfidence to rest or fight this trend by over-preparing and considering potential problems in advance. For example,if we’re decorating our homes and have no idea how long it will take,talk to friends who went through a recent case or consult with a few experts to understand the time the project costs and what problems may arise.Another,which can be dangerous,is that we are likely to focus a lot more of our attention on negative events than positive ones. It explains why a friend’s unenthusiastic review of a well-known movie might lead us to watch something else. This tendency can hold us back from making a decision about something,say a big purchase like a house,out of fear there was once a negative event associated with an otherwise good choice.There are several suggestions here. Initially,when making a choice,stress the positive aspects of our options. Sellers use this approach all the time. For example,instead of saying the beef contains 11% fat,they label it as 89% lean (无脂肪的).These are both true and accurate descriptions of the same product but describing it from the opposite can make it a more attractive choice for buyers concerned with fat intake.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章重点阐述了人们存在的认知偏见以及如何纠正这些偏见,从而帮助人们更理性地看待问题和做出决策。1.What is the book aimed at?A.Teaching social skills.B.Changing thinking modes.C.Solving physical problems.D.Promoting reflective learning.解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The goal of this book is to...This book also guides us on how to do our best to correct these thinking traps.”可知,这本书旨在介绍认知偏见并指导人们纠正思维陷阱,也就是帮助改变思维方式,故选B。√2.What does the underlined word “propensity” mean in paragraph 3?A.Tradition.B.Over-preparation.C.Collection.D.Tendency.解析　词义猜测题。第二段提到“The first one is that we tend to be overconfident in our abilities without enough evidence.”,这表明我们往往对自身的能力过度自信,这是一种倾向。再结合第三段中的“We can correct this propensity by trying it out ourselves... considering potential problems in advance.”可知,这里的“propensity”指的就是上文提到的这种倾向,所以画线词的意思与D项“Tendency(倾向)”最为接近,故选D。√3.What is the harm of prejudices according to paragraph 4?A.Buying useless things.B.Messing up presentations.C.Missing big opportunities.D.Avoiding making decisions.解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“This tendency can hold us...an otherwise good choice.”可知,偏见会使我们因过于关注消极事件而不敢做出决策,从而错失重大机会,故选C。√4.What will be talked about in the following paragraph?A.Analyzing reasons.B.Giving examples.C.Adding suggestions.D.Making contrasts.解析　推理判断题。最后一段开头提到“There are several suggestions here.”,接着给出了一个做选择时的建议,因此后续应该会继续给出建议,故选C。√考情速递　阅读理解+读后续写结合设题该题问接下来的一段会讨论什么,要求同学们根据所给文章的整体行文脉络/最后一段的主旨句/文章最后一句等合理推测接下来的内容,考查了同学们的阅读能力和读后续写能力,对同学们的逻辑推理和篇章结构把握等能力要求较高。“Sticks and stones may break my bones,but words will never harm me.” This is an old saying my fourth-grade teacher once told me. I grew up thinking as long as people didn’t physically hurt each other,hurtful words were to be tolerated,but I changed my mind after reading Linda O’Connell’s story,Two Little Words with a Big Impact. She discussed two words:“and” and “but”,and explained how “but” can be one of the most destructive words.Then I realized I had been hurt by the word “but”,and that I had wounded others,too,by using the word thoughtlessly. For example,when I was a teacher and edited my students’ stories,I would always say their content was good,but then I would add comments such as “but you need to make your characters more realistic.” I could have said,“Your content is good and making your characters more believable will make it even better.”In setting up guidelines for commenting on writers,I realize we need to praise each other,make helpful remarks,and then praise each other again,without using the word “but”. I remember a college professor who said,“There is no such thing as constructive criticism. Criticism is criticism.” She has now passed on,but her words remain with me always.My fourth-grade teacher’s quote was aimed at what she thought was harmless playground teasing,but even teasing hurts. Today,we can read sad news related to many stories where people have been terribly hurt by ugly words and suffered a lot. Now I realize the importance of thinking before speaking,even to avoid seemingly unimportant words like “but”.Sticks and stones break our bones,but thoughtless words also do harm.They can leave marks for a lifetime.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者由自身经历及思考总结出了“说话前要多思考”的道理。5.What changed the author’s attitude to hurtful words?A.A teacher’s advice.B.His personal experience.C.A college professor’s words.D.A story by Linda O’Connell.解析　细节理解题。由第一段中的“I changed my mind after reading Linda O’Connell’s story”可知,作者因Linda O’Connell的故事而改变了对伤害性语言的态度。故选D项。√6.What message does the example in Paragraph 2 convey?A.The author used “but” too often.B.The author could tolerate criticism.C.The misuse of “but” can hurt others.D.Realistic characters are needed in writing.解析　推理判断题。第二段第一句提到作者意识到,自己曾被“但是”一词伤害到,而且自己也曾草率地用这个词伤害到了别人。接下来作者讲述了自己在给学生批阅文章时经常使用“但是”一词的经历,所以这一例子是用来说明but一词的错误使用会给他人造成伤害的。故选C项。√7.Which words can best describe the author?A.Honest and warm-hearted.B.Devoted and cooperative.C.Optimistic and open-minded.D.Caring and self-reflective.解析　推理判断题。由第二、三段以及最后一段中的“Now I realize the importance of thinking before speaking”可知,作者从自身经历意识到使用错误的语言会对他人造成伤害,以及说话前三思的重要性。由此可见,作者关心他人且善于自我反思。故选D项。A项“诚实的且热心的”;B项“忠诚的且配合的”;C项“积极的且思想开明的”;D项“关心他人的且自我反思的”。√8.What is the text mainly about?A.The benefits of learning from mistakes.B.The long-lasting effect of hurtful words.C.The importance of using words thoughtfully.D.The difference between physical and emotional harm.解析　文章大意题。作者通过自己错误使用“但是”一词的经历,思考并总结出说话前要深思熟虑的道理,同时告诉人们错误的语言也会像“棍子和石头”一样带来伤害。由此可见,文章主要说明了谨慎使用语言的重要性。故选C项。√Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question,we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity,people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness,Droll(1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature,much to their harm. In his opinion,forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others,who might then take advantage of them.The second view involves the theme of cooperation,mutual respect,and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings,we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love,our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example,how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a mode of social harmony?From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans,forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies,is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to an extent the people from whom you are estranged (不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.As an important note,when we take a classical Realism philosophical perspective,that of Aristotle,we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive,but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving,its actual appropriation in conflict situations,develops with practice.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要从人性的角度讲述了两种关于原谅的观点,说明了原谅的风险和好处,并告诉读者原谅是可以通过训练提升的。9.What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness?A.People should offer mercy to others.B.Aggressive people should learn to forgive.C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.D.People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In his opinion,forgivers are...take advantage of them.”可知,Droll认为原谅别人的人在宽恕他人的同时也在损害自己的幸福,而被宽恕的人可能会利用他们,故D项正确。A项“人们应该宽恕别人”;B项“好斗的人应该学会原谅”;C项“原谅取决于人性”;D项“宽恕别人的人会让自己的幸福受到影响”。√10.What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate?A.To forgive is to love.B.To dominate is to harm.C.To fight is to grow.D.To give is to receive.解析　推理判断题。举例是为了说明例子前面的观点或概念。根据第二段中For example前的“Even common sense strongly...harmonious interactions.”可知,支配他人的意志并不能促成和谐的互动。由此可以推断,作者举奴隶制这个例子是为了说明“支配他人就是伤害他人”,故B项正确。A项“原谅就是爱”;C项“奋斗就是成长”;D项“给予就是接受”。√11.What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness?A.Favorable.B.Reserved.C.Objective.D.Skeptical.解析　观点态度题。根据第三段中的“one of the outcomes of...and reconnect people”和第四段中的“We are not necessarily...in our ability to forgive.”可知,作者认为原谅可以减少仇恨,恢复和谐,打破愤怒的循环,愈合关系,将人们再次联系在一起,且人们应该学习原谅并提升原谅的能力。由此可知,作者对原谅持支持的态度,故A项正确。B项“保守的”;C项“客观的”;D项“持怀疑态度的”。√12.What is the message of the last paragraph?A.Forgiveness is in our nature.B.Forgiveness grows with time.C.It takes practice to forgive.D.Actuality is based on potentiality.解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“We are not necessarily...develops with practice.”可知,我们不一定天生就有原谅的能力,但我们有潜力去学习原谅并提升我们原谅的能力,原谅是随着练习而发展的。由此可知,本段主要说明原谅是可以通过练习提升的,故C项正确。A项“原谅是我们的天性”;B项“随着时间的推移,原谅会增长”;D项“现状是以潜力为基础的”。√Ⅱ.七选五Super communicators are people who are consistently able to create real connections with others just by listening and talking.The following are four habits of super communicators.They know what kind of conversation they’re having. Super communicators are usually able to respond accordingly. If you’re having a practical conversation,your friend might ask you to help make hard decisions.　1　If your friend is just expressing his feelings,you just need to be a good listener. They prove they’re listening.There are plenty of ways to appear like you’re listening,like making eye contact or nodding.To do that,experts suggest a technique called “cycles for understanding”.Ask a question and listen to the response.Repeat what they just told you.Ask your conversation partner if you got what they said correct.　2　 They ask a lot of right questions. Research shows that highly effective communicators tend to ask 10 to 20 times as many questions as everyone else.They may simply be follow-up questions like“What happened next?” Super communicators also ask questions that get people to open up.　3　 They ask about people’s values or experiences and create an opportunity for emotional connections. 　4　 The goal of a discussion isn’t to impress someone,convince someone or wait for their turn to speak. It’s to genuinely comprehend someone else’s point of view and share their own views accordingly.The right response creates an atmosphere of trust and openness that both parties can benefit from.　5　 A.They aim to understand.B.Experts call them “deep questions”.C.They are persuasive communicators.D.The decisions should be easy to carry out.E.This practice sounds simple but is powerful.F.Then you should be ready to give good advice.G.And that is actually the most magical thing that can happen.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了超级沟通者的四个习惯。1.F　[上文谈到如果你正在进行实际的对话,你的朋友可能会请你帮忙做出艰难的决定。该空承接上文,继续讲到这种情况下你该怎么做。F项“那么你应该准备好给出好的建议”符合语境。]2.E　[上文讲到为了证明自己正在倾听,专家建议了一个技巧,并讲述了具体的做法。此处为总结句,说明这个做法的好处。E项“这种做法听起来简单,但很有效”符合语境。]3.B　[上文谈到了一种问题类型——比较简单的后续问题,例如“接下来发生了什么?”,此处指的是另一种问题,结合空前的“超级沟通者还会提出让人们敞开心扉的问题”和选项可知,B项“专家将它们称为‘深度问题’”符合语境。]4.A　[本空为超级沟通者的第四个习惯,首先根据其他段落的段首句特点可知,该句是They作主语;再根据本段内容尤其是“genuinely comprehend someone else’s point of view”(真正理解别人的观点)可知,此处指他们力求理解对方。故选A项。]5.G　[上文谈到正确的回应创造了一种信任和开放的氛围,双方都可以从中受益。G项“那实际上是可能发生的最神奇的事情”承接上文,符合语境。]