2026年高考英语（外研版）一轮复习配套课件 必修第二册 Unit 6　Earth first

Unit 6　Earth first必修第二册单元词句识记内容 索 引单元默写检测核心知识突破关键能力考查写作素养培优课时作业单 元 词 句 识 记Ⅰ.阅读单词1.shark n.　　　　鲨(鱼)2.fin v.切去(鱼的)鳍 n.鱼鳍3.drought n.旱灾,干旱4.bulb n.灯泡5.renewable adj.(能源)可更新的,可再生的,可恢复的6.carbon n.碳7.greenhouse n.温室,暖房8.reusable adj.可再度使用的,可多次使用的9.brochure n.小册子10.fog n.雾11.device n.设备,仪器,装置12.electricity n.电13.appliance n.家用电器,家用器具14.litre n.升,公升15.canteen n.(工厂、学校等的)食堂,餐厅Ⅱ.核心单词1.dive into the water 　　　潜入水中2.a positive attitude积极的态度3.the depths of the ocean 海洋的深处4.the medical staff 医务人员5.damage the environment 破坏环境6.the water supply 水供应7.solar energy 太阳能8.give false information 提供错误信息9.vast amounts of time 大量的时间10.leak our information 泄露我们的信息11.environment-friendly campaigns环保活动Ⅲ.一词多义1.target v.把……作为目标 n.目标;对象;靶子①target students 把学生作为目标②individual targets 个人目标③concentrate on our target audience 针对我们的听众对象④aim at a target 瞄准靶子2.highlight v.使……突出,使注意力集中于 n.最精彩的部分①highlight students’ creativity突出学生的创造力②the highlights of the tournament锦标赛中最精彩的部分3.reserve n.(野生生物)保护区;储备(量) v.保留;预订;贮备①a nearby forest reserve 附近的森林保护区②reserve my judgement 保留我的意见③reserve a room 预订一个房间④the world’s oil reserves 世界石油储备量4.flood n.洪水,水灾;大量 v.淹没;大量涌入;使灌满水;(使)充斥,充满①flood damage 洪涝灾害②a flood of responses 大量的回应③flood the valley 淹没河谷④flood into the area 涌入这个地区⑤flood the whole house 使整座房子灌满水⑥flood the market 充斥着市场5.release v.释放,排放,放出;发布;松开;免除,解除;发泄,宣泄①release carbon dioxide 释放二氧化碳②release some details 透露一些细节③release her arm 松开她的胳膊④release some older players 解聘一些老队员⑤release her emotions 宣泄她的情绪6.lecture n.(尤指大学里的)讲座,讲课,演讲;教训 v.(开)讲座;讲课;训斥①deliver a lecture发表演讲②give me a lecture 给我一个教训③lecture on literature 讲授文学④lecture me 训诫我7.plug n.(电)插头;塞子 v.堵,塞;插入①change the plug 更换插头②put the plug in the sink 把水槽的塞子塞上③plug an oil leak 堵一个漏油的洞8.average adj.平均(数)的;普通的 n.平均数;平均水平 v.平均为;计算出……的平均数①average price 平均价格②an average student 一位普通的学生③the national average 全国平均数④average 42 miles per hour平均时速是42英里Ⅳ.派生单词1.scare v.　　　　使(某人)惊恐,吓唬scared adj.害怕;恐惧scary adj.恐怖的;吓人的2.fortunately adv.幸运地fortune n.运气;财富fortunate adj.幸运的;吉利的unfortunately adv.不幸地3.extinction n.灭绝,绝种extinct adj.已灭绝的4.devote v.致力,献身,倾注devoted adj.忠实的;深爱的;投入的devotion n.关爱;献身;奉献;忠诚5.cruelty n.残忍,残酷,残暴cruel adj.残忍的,残酷的cruelly adv.残忍地,残酷地6.hunting n.打猎,狩猎hunt v.打猎,狩猎7.presentation n.报告,(观点的)陈述,说明present v.颁发;出示,赠送;呈递 n.礼物 adj.现在的,目前的;出席的8.establish v.建立,设立establishment n.建立,创立9.affect v.影响affection n.喜爱;感情10.restore v.使恢复restoration n.恢复,修复11.adopt v.采取(某种方法);收养,领养adopted adj.收养的,领养的adoption n.采用;收养12.sustainable adj.可持续的,不破坏环境的sustain vt.维持; 遭受; 承受住sustainability n.持续性; 能维持性13.reduce v.减少,降低reduction n.减少,降低14.severe adj.(问题、优势、疾病等)很严重的severely adv.严重地15.infection n.感染,传染病infect v.传染;使感染infectious adj.传染的;有感染力的16.permission n.允许,许可permit v.允许;许可 n.许可证17.majority n.多数,大多数(人或物)major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.专业18.remove v.移走,搬走,去掉;摘掉,脱掉;免职,开除removal n.移走,去掉19.urge v.竭力主张,强烈要求,敦促n.冲动;强烈的欲望urgent adj.紧急的;迫切的urgency n.紧急;急迫20.concerned adj.焦急的,担忧的,关心的;有关的concern v.(使)担忧;涉及,与……有关n.担心;关心concerning prep.关于;涉及 adj.令人担心的21.contribute v.促成,造成(某事发生);贡献,捐献;捐助;投稿contribution n.贡献;捐款;捐助;稿件Ⅴ.短语词块1.cut off 　　　　　切掉;切断;隔离,隔绝2.have an effect on/upon对……有影响3.see...as... 把……看作……4.mistake...for... 把……错当成……5.break down 分解;发生故障;(计划、谈判等)失败;(身体)垮掉6.take...into account 把……考虑进去7.call on 号召8.in fear 害怕地9.by mistake 错误地;无意中10.be scared/frightened/afraid of 害怕11.due to 由于,因为12.the other way round 相反的情况13.common sense 常识Ⅵ.教材佳句1.Some people stopped swimming in the sea,afraid of the horrible creature from the film.[形容词(短语)作状语]有些人因为害怕电影里那种可怕的生物,不再去海里游泳。2.In 1980,Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight.(be doing...when...)在1980年,本奇利正在潜水,这时他遇到了一个可怕的场景。3.However,making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. (倍数表达法)然而,生产一个纸袋的耗能为生产一个塑料袋的四倍,耗水量则多达三倍。4.She surfaces, cries in fear,then disappears forever.(动作链)她浮出水面,惊恐地尖叫着,然后就彻底消失了。5.Today,as we learn more about sharks,more people than ever want to protect them from extinction. (环境保护)时至今日,随着我们对鲨鱼了解的加深,有比以往更多的人愿意去保护它们免遭灭绝。▶构词法日积月累单 元 默 写 检 测Step One　写一写Ⅰ.阅读单词1.severe drought 　　　　　严重　　　　　　　　　 2.renewable products 　　　　　　　　　　产品 3.carbon dioxide 二氧化　　　　　　　　　 4.reusable plastic bottles 　　　　　　　　　　塑料瓶 5.a travel brochure 旅游　　　　　　　　　 6.thick fog 浓　　　　　　　　　　 旱灾可再生碳可重复利用的小册子雾7.a water-saving device 节水　　　　　 8.save electricity 节约用　　　　 9.eat in the canteen 在　　　　吃饭 装置电食堂Ⅱ.核心单词1.　　　　　　 v.(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水 2.　　　　　　 n.(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法,态度 3.　　　　　　 v.破损,损害,损伤 4.　　　　　　 n.(煤气、电力、自来水等)供应(系统) 5.　　　　　　 adj.利用太阳光(能)的 6.　　　　　　 n.数量,数额 7.　　　　　　 n.(宣传)活动 8.　　　　　　 v.(使)漏,(使)渗漏 diveattitudedamagesupplysolaramountcampaign leakⅢ.派生单词1.　　　　　 v.使(某人)惊恐,吓唬→　　　　　 adj.害怕;恐惧→____________adj.恐怖的;吓人的 2.　　　　　　 n.运气;财富→　　　　　　 adj.幸运的;吉利的→_____________adv.幸运地→　　　　　　 adv.不幸地 3.　　　　　 v.致力,献身,倾注→　　　　　　 adj.忠实的;深爱的;投入的→　　　　　　　 n.关爱;献身;奉献;忠诚scarescaredscaryfortunefortunatefortunatelyunfortunatelydevotedevoteddevotion4.　　　　　 adj.残忍的,残酷的→　　　　　　 n.残忍,残酷,残暴→____________adv.残忍地,残酷地 5.　　　　　　v.颁发;出示,赠送;呈递 n.礼物 adj.现在的,目前的;出席的→　　　　　　　　　n.报告,(观点的)陈述,说明6.　　　　　　 v.建立,设立→　　　　　　　n.建立,创立7.　　　　　　 v.影响→　　　　　 n.喜爱;感情 8.　　　　　　v.采取(某种方法);收养,领养→　　　　　　 adj.收养的,领养的→　　　　　n.采用;收养 cruelcrueltycruellypresentpresentationestablishestablishmentaffectaffectionadoptadoptedadoption9.　　　　　　 v.传染;使感染→　　　　　　　　n.感染,传染病→______________adj.传染的;有感染力的 10.　　　　　　 v.允许;许可 n.许可证→　　　　　　　 n.允许,许可11.　　　　　　 adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.专业→　　　　　　 n.多数,大多数(人或物) 12.　　　　　　 v.移走,搬走,去掉;摘掉,脱掉;免职,开除→__________ n.移走,去掉 infectinfectioninfectiouspermitpermissionmajormajorityremoveremoval13.　　　　　　 v.竭力主张,强烈要求,敦促 n.冲动;强烈的欲望→_____________adj.紧急的;迫切的→　　　　　　 n.紧急;急迫 14.　　　　　　 v.(使)担忧;涉及,与……有关 n.担心;关心→______________adj.焦急的,担忧的,关心的;有关的→___________ prep.关于;涉及 adj.令人担心的 15.　　　　　　 v.促成,造成(某事发生);贡献,捐献;捐助;投稿→_____________n.贡献;捐款;捐助;稿件 urgeurgenturgencyconcernconcernedconcerningcontributecontributionⅣ.短语互译1.　　　　　　　　　　　 把……考虑进去 2.　　　　　　　　 害怕地 3.　　　　　　　　 由于,因为 4.　　　　　　　　　　　 对……有影响 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 害怕 take...into accountin feardue tohave an effect on/uponbe scared/frightened/afraid of6.cut off 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 7.see...as... 　　　　　　　 8.mistake...for... 　　　　　　　 9.break down 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 10.the other way round 　　　　　　　 切掉;切断;隔离,隔绝把……看作……把……错当成……分解;发生故障;(计划、谈判等)失败;(身体)垮掉相反的情况Ⅴ.句式仿写1.句型公式:形容词(短语)作状语　　　　　　　　　　　　,they  wept and hugged each other.(情绪+动作描写)他们激动又感动,哭着互相拥抱。2.句型公式:be doing...when...With the jar in my hands,I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 one of  my feet was caught on one stair.(动作描写)手里捧着罐子,我正匆忙上楼梯,突然我的一只脚被楼梯绊住了。Excited and movedwas walking upstairs in a hurry when3.句型公式:倍数表达法We devoted 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,so I was greatly convinced that our project would be highly thought of by our teachers.(学校生活)我们投入的时间和精力是其他同学的两倍,所以我深信老师们会高度评价我们的项目。twice as much time and energy as other students didStep Two　练一练Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式1.From the story I can conclude that those who take positive a____________ towards work will be rewarded. 2.What’s worse,with natural environment d　　　　　　,wild animals are suffering the loss of their habitats. 3.My school organized a fire safety c　　　　　　 on the school campus last week. ttitudeamagedampaign4.Spending such vast a　　　　　　 of time on mere handwriting overlooks the true essence of learning English: effective communication and comprehension. 5.Tom d　　　　　　　　　　 into the pool confidently like other competitors. mountsivedⅡ.根据语境用括号内所给词的正确形式填空1.The teacher 　　　　　　that the students should be taught how to take 　　　　　　　　　action in time of 　　　　　　.(urge) 2.　　　　　　　　 all his life to educating his ____________ students,the old teacher was admired for his 　　　　　　to the education cause.(devote) 3.Even if you have a 　　　　　　　　,I won’t 　　　　　　you to enter the hall without my 　　　　　　.(permit) urgedurgenturgencyDevotingdevoteddevotionpermitpermitpermission4.The writer personally 　　　　　　　￡5,000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his 　　　　　　were gratefully received. (contribute) 5.Our parents are more 　　　　　　about our health and future.As far as I’m 　　　　　　,we should talk with our parents and tell them our 　　　　　　.(concern) contributedcontributionsconcernedconcernedconcernsⅢ.短语填空due to1.The moment Scout opened the door, she was rooted to the ground ________________the amazement. 2.I do hope you can 　　　　　　　　my tips 　　　　　　　if it is convenient for you. 3.Megan realized the man 　　　　　　　　her 　　　　　　his sister. takeinto accounthad mistakenfor4.All of a sudden, the electricity 　　　　　　　　and there was a complete darkness in the house.5.After watching a scary film in the cinema, she _________________ walking home alone and therefore,she called a taxi. was cut offwas scared ofⅣ.串记练习阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。What scares us is that many rare animals are faced with extinction due to human beings’ cruelty,such as illegal hunting. Besides,with more and more carbon dioxide 1.___________ (release), the environment has got damaged and greenhouse effect occurs. Plus, severe drought,flood and smog around the world highlight the urgereleasedto take steps 2.　　　　 (protect) the environment.Fortunately,those 3._____________ are concerned about the environment have realized the 4.　　　　　　(important) of sustainable development and adopted some measures.Many governments and people contribute to 5.____________(reduce) pollution.Also,we find many 6.____________ (nature) reserves established.A majority of scientists are devoted to making the most of renewable and reusable solar energy.More campaigns are launched and more lectures are delivered to educateto protectwhoimportancereducingnaturalpeople to live 7.　　　　　　 low-carbon life.More brochures are handed out on how to 8.　　　　　(correct) use household appliances so that amounts of electricity can 9.　　　　　　(save).Only if we have a scientific attitude 10.　　　　　　 environmental protection can we achieve the desired target.acorrectlybe savedto/towards核 心 知 识 突 破No.1 热考词汇No.3 写作迁移No.2 熟词生义/一词多义1.scare v.使(某人)惊恐,吓唬(frighten)→scared adj.恐惧;害怕(frightened)→scary adj.恐怖的;吓人的(frightening)佳句背诵　I seized a stone,aimed it at the wolf and threw it out with all my might, seeking to scare the wolf away.(动作链)　我抓起一块石头,对准狼,用尽全力扔出去,想把狼吓跑。scare sb into doing sth　　恐吓某人做某事scare sb/sth away/off 把某人/物吓跑be scared to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事be scared of sb/(doing) sth害怕某人/(做)某事be scared to death 吓得要死以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作①Though some are initially scared 　　　　　　the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) ②She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　beside a big tree by the shouts of tigers,with her heart pounding.(动作+情绪描写)　她被老虎的吼声吓得蜷缩在一棵大树旁,她的心怦怦跳。 ③I lowered my head timidly and______________________________________________________.我胆怯地低着头,不敢看爸爸那张阴云密布的脸。(动作+心理描写)ofwas scared into crouching was scared to look/of looking at my father’s cloudy face2.devote v.致力,献身,倾注(contribute,dedicate,commit);把……用于→ devoted adj.忠实的;深爱的;投入的(dedicated,committed) → devotion n.关爱;献身;奉献(contribution,dedication,commitment);忠诚佳句背诵　Although I had devoted my time and energy to the contest, I didn’t believe I could outdo Anne in writing.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)虽然我把时间和精力都花在了比赛上,但我不相信我能在写作上超过安妮。devote oneself to 致力于/献身于/专心于(做)某事devote...to... 把……奉献给……;把……专注于……be devoted to 深爱;致力于;专心于[点拨]　devote...to...中的to是介词,其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。以练促学　单句语法填空/一句多译①Having a 　　　　　　(devote) heart for people in need, you’ re welcome to participate and details are as follows. ②It is his 　　　　　　(devote) to his learning that enables him to attain a doctor’s degree.(人物介绍) devoteddevotion③我希望你能致力于传播中国文化,让世界各地的人们更容易接触到中国文化。→I hope you can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and make it more accessible to people around the world.→I hope you can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and make it more accessible to people around the world.be devoted to spreading the Chinese culturedevote yourself to spreading the Chinese culture3.affect v.影响;感动;(疾病)侵袭(attack);使感染(infect)→affection n.喜爱;感情佳句背诵　Deeply affected by my little daughter,I whispered to myself,“Bravery was the most significant quality.”(语言描写)受到小女儿的深深影响,我低声对自己说:“勇敢是最重要的品质。”Learning that you have returned to Ireland because you are affected with a severe illness,I am terribly sorry about it.　得知你因为感染了重病而返回爱尔兰,我感到非常遗憾。be affected by 　　受……的影响;被……感动be affected with 感染……疾病have/feel affection for 喜爱,钟爱以练促学　猜测词义/单句语法填空/完成语段①Though affected with a kind of severe disease,he continued with his work.　　　　　　　 v.(疾病)侵袭②However, when a cat is looking for 　　　　　　(affect),they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.(2024·全国甲卷) ③In summary,the English newspaper Youth___________________ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　._________________________countless moving stories in the newspaper.(短文投稿,新高考Ⅰ卷) 总的来说,英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。affection affects me greatly/has a great effect/influence on/upon meI am often deeply affected by4.urge v.竭力主张,强烈要求,敦促 n.冲动;强烈的欲望;迫切的要求→urgent adj.紧急的;迫切的→urgency n.紧急;急迫佳句背诵　But learning that we’ll be randomly paired to do the oral practice,I feel an urge to express my different voice,hoping that this wouldn’t offend you.(建议信,2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)但得知我们将随机配对进行口语练习,我有一种冲动想要表达我不同的声音,希望这不会冒犯你。urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事urge that...(should) do sth极力主张/催促……做某事It is urged that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事have/feel an urge to do sth 渴望做某事以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作/翻译句子①In case of 　　　　　,call the police and they can help you handle _________________matters.(urge) ②To protect oceans better, we __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________and make changes.(环境保护,2022·全国甲卷)  为了更好地保护海洋,我们必须敦促更多的人反思他们不恰当的行为并且做出改变。urgencyurgent must urge more people to reflect on their own improper behavior/must urge that more people (should) reflect on their own improper behavior③呼吁任何渴望为环境保护做出贡献的人都应该参加这场运动。(环境保护)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 It is urged that anyone who has an urge to make contributions to environmental protection (should)participate in the campaign.When hearing the sudden thunder, she was scared.Her heart pounded rapidly.However, she devoted herself to calming down, taking deep breaths.The thought of the upcoming exam still affected her mood.Urged by the desire to do well, she forced herself to focus and study.5.concerned adj.焦急的,担忧的;关切的,关注的;有关的→concern v.(使)担忧;涉及;与……有关 n.关心;担心→concerning prep.关于;涉及 adj.令人担心的佳句背诵　After school, Melati walked home slowly in silence,concerned about the vast amount of plastic rubbish on the beach.(动作+心理描写)放学后,梅拉蒂默默地慢慢走回家,担心海滩上的大量塑料垃圾。be concerned with... 与……有关,涉及;关心……be concerned about/for... 关心/担心……be concerned that... 担心……as far as...be concerned 就……而言/来说show/express one’s concern about/for对……表示关心/担心以练促学　单句语法填空/完成语段①Some of the things that Tang was writing about were also Shakespeare’s 　　　　　　　 (concern).(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)concerns②The meeting was concerned 　　　　reforms and everyone present was concerned 　　　　　　　　their own interests. ③　　　　　　　　　　　,my parents 　　　　　　　　　　　 _________________my academic performance,while I__________________________________. 就我而言,父母对我的学习成绩表示他们的关心,而我则担心他们的健康。withfor/aboutAs far as I’m concernedshow/express theirconcern about/foram concernedabout/for their health6.contribute v.促成,造成(某事发生);有助于;捐献,捐助(donate,give away);投稿→contribution n.贡献;捐款;捐助;稿件佳句背诵　The compass,paper-making,gunpowder,and the art of printing are called the four great inventions that China contributed to the world.指南针、造纸术、火药和印刷术被称为“四大发明”,是中国对世界做出的贡献。(传统文化)contribute sth to... 　把某物捐献给……contribute to 有助于;导致;投稿make a contribution/contributions to对……做出贡献以练促学　单句写作/完成语段①Therefore,we need to study hard and___________________________________________________________.(发言稿,2024·全国甲卷) 因此,我们需要努力学习,为交通的进一步发展做出贡献。 make a contribution to the further development of transportation②Reading the English newspaper regularly does__________________________________________. Sometimes I____________________________________,which further strengthens my writing ability. (建议信)经常读英文报纸的确有助于提高我的英语水平。有时我给报纸投稿,这进一步增强了我的写作能力。contribute toimproving my English levelcontribute my articlesto the newspaper7.take...into account(take...into consideration/take account of...)把……考虑进去佳句背诵　I would appreciate it if you could take my invitation into account.(邀请信,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)如果您能考虑我的邀请,我将不胜感激。on account of 因为,由于on no account 决不(置于句首时,句子用部分倒装)account for 解释,说明;占……(比例)[点拨]　表示“决不”的短语还有:by no means、in no way、in no case、on no condition、at no time、under no circumstances。以练促学　单句语法填空/单句写作/句式升级①The teenager was too panicked to give an account _____________ what had happened on the spot. of②Those who visit English-learning websites account _______ 12%.(短文投稿,2022·全国乙卷) ③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I can help you manage the class in an awesome way. 由于我之前的教学经验,我可以帮您以一种很棒的方式管理班级。④We should never develop oceans at the cost of ocean pollution.(环境保护,2022·全国甲卷)→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 at the cost of ocean pollution.(on no account) forOn account of my previous teaching experienceOn no account should we develop oceansWith environmental pollution becoming increasingly severe, more and more people are concerned about the current environmental situation.To address these issues, we need to take multiple factors into account.Besides, we should encourage industries to adopt cleaner technologies and individuals to contribute by minimizing waste and conserving energy.1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思①To begin with, talk about China’s economic growth and technological advancements, which are the highlights in the past few decades.(2024·北京卷) 　　　　　　　 ②Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see,and their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear.(2023·全国甲卷)　　　　　　　 n.最精彩的部分v.大量涌入③I was taken to a hospital, where my broken legs were treated.I didn’t get released until one month later.　　　　　　　 ④His parents used to lecture him on his bad table manners.　　　　　　　 v.放走v.教训,训斥2.选出remove的汉语意思A.v.移走,搬走　B.v.摘掉;脱掉 C.v.免职,开除B①It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him. 　　　 ②The company has removed the manager from his post due to his poor performance.　　　 ③I had my own bedroom,so I worked on removing things I didn’t need.(2023·浙江1月卷)　　　 CA3.根据上下文写出average的词性和词义v.计算出……的平均数In our school,we have monthly exams to ①average the ②average marks of each class, which makes the ③average students have some challenges in keeping up with the intense study schedule.And most of the time, my scores are above ④average.①　　　　　　　　　　　　②　　　　　　　　 ③　　　　　　　　　　　　④　　　　　　　　 adj.平均的adj.普通的n.平均数句型公式:形容词(短语)作状语课本原句:Some people stopped swimming in the sea,afraid of the horrible creature from the film.　有些人因为害怕电影里那种可怕的生物,不再去海里游泳。佳句背诵　Desperate and exhausted,Jane knelt down,with tears rolling down her cheeks.(心理描写)简绝望而疲惫地跪了下来,泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。Lin Tao,glad to accept the suggestion,nodded his agreement.(心理+动作描写)林涛欣然接受了这个建议,点头表示同意。(1)形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等,可位于句首、句末或句中,常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。(2)形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态,即和主语常可构成主系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子,则应用副词作状语。以练促学　完成句子/句式升级①　　　　　　　　　　　　,I looked at the miserable garden, wondering about my future here. 我又冷又饿,孤身一人,望着那凄凉的花园,思索着我在这里的未来。②I was afraid of not finding our way to the farm.I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly.(情绪描写)→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly.(形容词短语作状语)Cold,hungry and aloneAfraid of not finding our way to the farm关 键 能 力 考 查维度一　核心知识运用1.“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very ________________(concern),” says Ducke.(2024·全国甲卷) 2.For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare 　　　　　　any dangerous animals or look for shelter.(2024·全国甲卷) concernedaway3.Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures,read materials and contribute 　　　　　　online discussion boards. (2024·浙江1月卷) 4.Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste _____________ (reduce) by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 5.Citizens of higher social classes 　　　　　　　 (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.(2023·浙江1月卷)toreductionwere permitted6.People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others.One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present 　　　　　　(affect) decisions about the future. (2023·北京卷) 7.His going to stay in hospital for three months urged me __________ (visit)him immediately.(2022·浙江1月卷) 8.Leslie Nielsen’s 　　　　　　(devote) to acting is wonderfully inspiring.(浙江6月卷) affectsto visitdevotion9.With determination and devotion, these generous businessmen have contributed lots of money to 　　　　　　(establish) new reserves for the endangered animals. 10.The kidney plays a vital role in the 　　　　　　(remove) of waste products from the blood. establishingremoval维度二　单句写作1.At that time,　　　　　　　　　　　　, I didn’t know how to change the terrible situation.[形容词(短语)作状语]在那时,我既沮丧又失望,不知道如何改变这种糟糕的情况。2.We have devoted 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　,so I am greatly  convinced that we will succeed.(倍数表达法)我们投入的时间和精力是她以前的两倍,所以我深信我们能成功。depressed and disappointedtwice as much time and energy as she did before3.I 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　I noticed the English  newspaper Youth.(be doing...when...)当我在浏览我们学校的网站时,我注意到了英文报纸Youth。4.Not only did the spring outing enrich our school life, but it also ___________________ for the upcoming examination.(动词-ed形式作宾补)春游不仅丰富了我们的学校生活,而且使我们为即将到来的考试振作起来。was surfing our school’s website whenmade us refreshed5.But I casually turned around and______________________________________________.(动词-ing形式作宾补) 但我不经意地转过身,发现母亲仍在难以置信地摇头。 caught mother still shaking her head in disbelief维度三　单元知识拾遗1.　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 last week. However,  with 2.　　　　　　　　,  we 3.　　　　　　　　　　　  to 4.　　　　　　　　　　　 and restore our beautiful place.Let’s work together and overcome this difficulty.A violent storm caused much damage to our communitya positive attitudeadopted effective measuresremove the debris上周一场猛烈的风暴给我们社区造成了很大的破坏。然而,以积极的态度,我们采取了有效的措施来清除碎片,恢复我们美丽的地方。让我们共同努力,克服这个困难。写 作 素 养 培 优Ⅰ.话题下的应用文专练(倡议书——环境保护)假设你是学生会主席李华,请你围绕“保护环境”为主题,写一封英语倡议书,旨在号召大家积极采取行动,内容包括:(1)保护环境的重要性;(2)当今的环境问题;(3)发出倡议。　根据提示,利用本单元所学知识完成应用文写作第一步　字斟句酌　优化表达①如今,越来越多的人开始关注环境问题。(concern)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the environmental problem.②该是我们考虑环境保护的时候了。 (take...into account)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ③由于人类的不断的有害活动,气候变得越来越暖和。(due to)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 It’s really high time that we took/(should) take environmental protection into account.Due to constant harmful human activities, the climate is becoming increasingly warm.④干旱和洪涝灾害频繁发生,这严重影响着人类生活。 (drought, flood, affect, severely)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ⑤越来越多的物种濒临灭绝。(extinction)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Droughts and floods frequently occur, which affects human life severely.More and more species are on the edge of extinction.⑥地球是我们唯一的家园。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ⑦我们强烈要求采取有效措施来保护它。(urge)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 The earth is our only home.We urge effective measures to be taken to protect it.第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇)Dear fellow students,Nowadays,more and more people are concerned about the environmental problem.Therefore,it’s really high time that we took/(should)take environmental protection into account.Due to constant harmful human activities,the climate is becoming increasingly warm.Droughts and floods frequently occur,which affects human life severely.What’s more,more and more species are on the edge of extinction.The earth is our only home.Therefore,we urge effective measures to be taken to protect it.Ⅱ.话题下的续写能力提升1.续写语料积累2.场景片段训练(采取行动保护家乡的环境:看到家乡的环境被破坏,愣住、绝望→坐立不安→决定改变→焦虑消除)The moment I set foot on my hometown ten years later,I gazed at the bare mountains and dirty rivers and froze there,①______________　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 (动词-ed形式作状语).Past beautiful scenery came back in floods.I ②_________________________　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, thinking what had contributed to theoverwhelmed/overcome by a feeling of despairwas reduced to tears andbent my head in despairterrible environment.③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　 　 　 (形容词短语作状语),I was unsettled for the first few days, feeling on pins and needles.④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (形容词短语作状语),I began delivering lectures to ⑤____________________　 　　　　　　　　. The public’s active responses melted away my feelings of anxiety and concern.Worried/Concerned about the destroyedenvironmentDetermined to change the situationurge people to protectthe environment十年后,当我踏上家乡的那一刻,我凝视着光秃秃的山和脏兮兮的河,在那里愣住了,感到一阵绝望。往日的美景如洪水般涌了回来。我流下了眼泪,绝望地低下了头,心想是什么造成了这种可怕的环境。由于担心被破坏的环境,我在最初的几天里坐立不安,感觉如坐针毡。决定改变这种状况,我开始发表演讲,以敦促人们保护环境。公众的积极反应消除了我的焦虑和担忧。课 时 作 业Ⅰ.阅读理解Across the world,humans purchase around 1.3 billion single-use plastic water bottles a day.Because only about 9% of plastic is recycled,the vast majority of those bottles wind up in landfills,the ocean,or elsewhere in nature.When beach-loving Madison noticed those plastic bottles during her family’s trips to California,the then 12-year-old just felt like this needed to be changed.So as she began thinking about what to do for her school science fair back in 2021,the idea of a project centered on reducing plastic pollution quickly came to her mind:She would design an eatable water bottle called the Eco-Hero.“One of my biggest ambitions for my project was wanting to help the world,”the confident young inventor said in a video on the website.To bring her idea to life,Madison built upon the already established method by experimenting with common food materials.She also took inspiration from previous versions of eatable water bottles,though she focused on making hers bigger and more durable.She found that the combination of water,lemon juice,natural gum,and alginic acid (褐藻酸) resulted in a gel pouch that wouldn’t break,could hold up to 3/4 cup of water,and would last in the fridge for three weeks.Though she’d like to improve the Eco-Hero by making it able to hold more water,she believes her current version would work well as a replacement for the paper cups used by runners in races. All one needs to do is bite a hole in the water ball,drink the water,and then eat the pouch or throw it away to biodegrade.Madison hopes the Eco-Hero inspires others to take better care of the planet.“It doesn’t necessarily have to be in a big way,”she told Smithsonian Magazine. “People can still make a difference in the world,even if it’s just in a small way.”【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在发现很多塑料瓶未被循环利用时,当时12岁的Madison设计了由水、柠檬汁、天然树脂和褐藻酸制成的可食用凝胶袋以减少塑料污染的问题。她希望用自己的行动激励人们更好地照顾地球,为世界做出贡献。1.What inspired Madison’s design of an eatable water bottle?A.Her school’s task.B.Her family’s urge.C.Her love for nature.D.Her trips to the beach.解析　细节理解题。根据第二段和第三段的描述可知,当Madison和她的家人去加州旅行时她注意到那些塑料瓶未被循环利用,觉得这种状况需要改变一下,因此,在2021年开始考虑为她的学校科学展览做些什么时,她很快就想到了一项旨在减少塑料污染的项目:她将设计一个名为“生态英雄”的可食用水瓶。由此可知,是她去海滩的旅行激发了她的可食用水瓶的设计。故选D。√考情速递　跨段命题的细节题该题虽是相对来说比较简单的细节理解题,但是需要同学们对两段的信息进行定位、分析才能得出正确答案,属于跨段命题,在一定程度上增加了解题的难度。该题与2023年新课标Ⅰ卷的第25题考查角度一致。2.What can we know about the Eco-Hero?A.It is a copy of the previous versions.B.It is made from unbreakable materials.C.It is an improvement in size and durability.D.It has a hole and should be disposed once used.√解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“though she focused on making hers...in the fridge for three weeks”可知,Madison专注于让自己的设计更大、更耐用,她设计了由水、柠檬汁、天然树脂和褐藻酸制成的凝胶袋,该产品不但不会破裂,可容纳多达3/4杯水,并且还可以在冰箱里保存三周。由此可知,“生态英雄”在容量和耐用性方面进行了改进。故选C。3.Which of the following words can best describe Madison?A.Ambitious and creative.B.Talented and determined.C.Courageous and confident.D.Cooperative and committed.解析　推理判断题。Madison设计了可食用凝胶袋,由此可知她富有创造力;由第四段可知,Madison的最大抱负之一就是想帮助世界;由最后一段可知,她认为人们可以改变这个世界,即使只是在一个小的方面。由此可推知,Madison既有创造力又有雄心大志。故选A。√4.What can be the best title for the text?A.A good beginning is half done.B.Small people make big moves.C.Where there is a will,there is a way.D.God helps those who help themselves.解析　标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了当时才12岁的Madison设计了可食用凝胶袋以减少塑料污染的问题。她希望能激励人们更好地照顾地球,为世界做出贡献。故本文可用B项(小人物采取大行动)作最佳标题。√Feeling down about money? Do you know you could have thousands of pounds worth of junk hidden in your drawers? Well,here’s some fantastic news to brighten your day:your unwanted technology products could be a goldmine,with potential earnings ranging from ￡1,304 to ￡6,331. That’s right—neglected hairdryers,forgotten electric toothbrushes,or unused smartphones sitting in your cupboard could be some extra holiday cash,a dream summer vacation,or your ticket to a special weekend treat!Recent research from Recycle Your Electricals reveals 880 million unused but working electrical items gathering dust in UK households,averaging 31 items per household. The potential earnings?￡36.7 billion for older,lower,and unbranded items and ￡178.5 billion for newer,higher branded items. It’s an incredible new opportunity!It’s not just about making money; selling your old electricals is also great for the planet. Waste electricals are the fastest growing e-waste stream,with few people realising that they contain some of the most precious materials on the planet,like gold,aluminium and lithium. So whether you choose to sell or donate your working items,or you recycle the broken ones,it’s going to be good for the environment.It’s time to unlock that money. Start by taking stock of all your electricals and research their market value by considering factors like brand,age,and condition.Wipe down surfaces,remove dust,and ensure everything is in working order. Remember,a picture is worth a thousand words—a detailed description with high-quality photos speaks louder. Select the platform that suits your items and target audience. Above all,security first. Ensure all personal data are securely wiped. If meeting in person,choose a safe,public location. Alternatively,use secure shipping methods with tracking for added peace of mind.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了废旧电子产品的潜在经济价值与环保意义,并告诉人们如何处理废旧电子产品。5.What can be inferred from paragraph 1?A.The wealth from junk is often overlooked.B.People often put plenty of cash in the drawers.C.The potential earnings from wastes are worth a goldmine.D.Electricals are likely to break down if not used frequently.解析　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,人们可能没有意识到,他们抽屉里不想要的电子产品可能价值数千英镑,这些被忽视的物品可能是额外假日现金、一次梦想的暑假、一个周末特别款待的来源。这表明人们常常忽视废旧物品所具有的潜在财富。故选A项。√6.What can the e-waste be used for according to the text?A.Repair work.B.Metal extraction.C.Data security.D.Scientific research.解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“they contain some of the most precious materials on the planet,like gold,aluminium and lithium”可知,废弃电子产品含有一些地球上最珍贵的材料,如金、铝和锂。这表明可以从电子垃圾中提取这些珍贵材料。故选B项。√7.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A.Methods of saving money.B.Ways to promote online sales.C.Procedures of online shopping.D.Steps to profit from used electricals.解析　段落大意题。文章最后一段主要讲述了从使用过的电子产品中获利的步骤,包括盘点、研究市场价值、清理、确保产品正常运转、提供详细描述和照片、选择销售平台、确保数据安全和交易安全。故选D项。√8.What’s the author’s writing purpose?A.To offer tips for making a fortune.B.To warn against e-waste pollution.C.To increase the purchase of new electricals.D.To advocate recycling economically and environmentally.解析　写作意图题。作者在文章中详细讲述出售废旧电子产品的潜在收益和环保意义,鼓励人们回收利用这些物品,旨在倡导一种既经济又环保的回收方式。故选D项。√考情速递　理解文章目的题《基于高考评价体系的英语科考试内容改革实施路径》一文指出,文章作者常常通过多种方式表达写作目的,考生应该能理解作者直接表达的目的,也应能分析理解作者未直接表达的目的。本题考查文章目的,契合高考命题精神,并与2024年新课标Ⅱ卷35题考查角度一致。Ⅱ.完形填空(2025·济宁高三二模)I’d been exploring the 40-hectare woods around our cottage my whole life and I knew the way well. So it was a 　1　 when I found myself lost there. One cold February afternoon, I had a sudden　2　 to hike the hill with my two daughters. Putting on our snowshoes, we immediately 　3　 northwestward. While making our way up the hill, my daughters stopped occasionally to investigate unknown plants and to look at the abandoned deer beds...These really made their 　4　. As the shadows started to 　5　, we moved further up. Soon, weariness began to 　6　 enthusiasm. We decided to return. Instead of backtracking over our 　7　 route, I chose to walk down the steep (陡峭的) side of the hill, 　8　 my general sense that ahead of us lay the stream that would guide us to the road. But as the terrain (地形) leveled out, I had my first major moment of 　9　: Where was the stream? Were we off course? I instinctively (本能地) pulled out my phone to get my location, but it 　10　 in my hand in the cold air. 　11　, I started feeling a bit panicky. However, I quickly 　12　 myself, reassuring my daughters to continue walking. Focusing on the landmarks, I spotted a familiar tree and eventually 　13　 the road. That winter’s day taught me a valuable lesson about habitual reliance on technology. If my phone had 　14　 then, I might have directly followed the GPS, ignoring the old 　15　 of depending on surroundings and life skills. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和女儿们一起在他十分熟悉的树林中爬山,返回时他选择了一条不同的下山路线,却迷路了,手机也因为寒冷而无法使用,这让作者感到恐慌。在冷静下来后,他依靠对环境的观察找到了回家的路。这次经历让他意识到过度依赖科技可能会忽视传统的生存技能和环境观察能力。1.A.challengeB.shockC.rewardD.reminder解析　根据上文“I’d been exploring the 40-hectare woods around our cottage my whole life and I knew the way well.”可知,作者很熟悉这里的路,却发现自己迷路了,他很震惊。故选B。√2.A.discoveryB.responseC.worryD.urge解析　根据下文“to hike the hill with my two daughters”以及接下来的叙述可知,作者是突然有一种冲动,想和两个女儿一起去爬山。故选D。√3.A.escapedB.droveC.headedD.looked解析　根据上文“to hike the hill with my two daughters”可知,作者是想和两个女儿一起去爬山,因此是向西北方向行进。故选C。√4.A.reputationB.dreamC.dayD.way解析　根据上文“my daughters stopped occasionally to investigate unknown plants and to look at the abandoned deer beds”可知,作者的女儿偶尔会停下来调查未知的植物,看看被遗弃的鹿床,可推知她们会很开心,固定短语make one’s day意为“让某人开心”。故选C。√5.A.lengthenB.swingC.emergeD.fade解析　根据上文“As the shadows started to”可推知,影子应该是开始拉长,表明时间在流逝,天色变晚。故选A。√6.A.fuelB.witnessC.overlookD.outpace解析　根据下文“We decided to return.”可知,我们准备返回,因此是疲倦开始超过热情。故选D。√7.A.originalB.roughC.offbeatD.roundabout解析　根据下文“I chose to walk down the steep (陡峭的) side of the hill”可知,作者选择沿着陡峭的山坡走下去,因此是没有沿着原来的路线折回。故选A。√8.A.appreciatingB.trustingC.envisioningD.assessing解析　根据上文“I chose to walk down the steep (陡峭的) side of the hill”和下文“my general sense that ahead of us lay the stream that would guide us to the road”可推知,作者选择一条新的路线是因为相信自己的直觉,认为可以沿着小溪走向大路。故选B。√9.A.curiosityB.comparisonC.doubtD.anticipation解析　根据下文“Where was the stream? Were we off course?”可知,作者有很多问题,对自己产生了怀疑。故选C。√10.A.diedB.slippedC.flashedD.rang解析　根据下文“I started feeling a bit panicky”可知,作者开始感到有点恐慌,可推知手机没法使用,应该是在冰冷的空气中死机了。故选A。√11.A.ReportedlyB.AdmittedlyC.SeeminglyD.Surprisingly解析　根据上文“I instinctively (本能地) pulled out my phone to get my location, but it 　　　　in my hand in the cold air.”可知,作者原本想用手机导航,但是手机应该是无法使用,因此不可否认地,作者的确有点恐慌。故选B。√12.A.exposedB.composedC.defendedD.behaved解析　根据下文“reassuring my daughters to continue walking”可知,作者安慰女儿们继续走下去,可推知他应该是让自己镇定下来了,固定短语compose oneself意为“使自己镇定下来”。故选B。√13.A.got offB.laid downC.came acrossD.made out解析　根据上文“I spotted a familiar tree”可知,作者发现了一棵熟悉的树,因此可以辨认出回去的那条路。故选D。√14.A.workedB.remainedC.changedD.overheated解析　根据下文“I might have directly followed the GPS”可知,此处是对过去的事实做出相反的假设,指如果那时手机还能工作的话,就会直接跟着GPS走。故选A。√15.A.theoryB.standardC.practiceD.routine解析　根据上文“Focusing on the landmarks, I spotted a familiar tree”可知,作者是通过盯着路标发现熟悉的树,再结合下文“of depending on surroundings and life skills”可推知,此处指依赖环境和生活技能的传统做法。故选C。√Ⅲ.语法填空A skywell,or “tian jing” in Chinese,is a typical feature of a traditional home in Southern and Eastern China. Skywells are commonly seen in homes 1.　　　　　　(date) from the Ming and Qing dynasties,which 2.　　　　　　(design) to house different generations of relatives. Despite their varied sizes and designs,these skywells are typically square and located in 3.　　　　　　 heart of the house. They serve to allow in light,enhance airflow,and harvest rainwater. Since decades ago,the government 4.　　　　　　(advocate ) green buildings,promoting environmentally-friendly practice. The increased interest towards traditional Chinese architecture is leading to the restoration of historic buildings with skywells 5._____________ modern use. Architects are also looking towards the principles behind skywells while designing new buildings 6.___________ (save)energy. The Dongguan TBA Tower in Guangdong Province,for example, brings natural airflow into every floor with internal “windpipes” 7._________ function in a similar way to skywells. The aim is to keep the building’s temperature 8.　　　　　　(comfort) in all seasons, using only natural airflow. The fact that skywells still exist today shows 9.______________ clever ancient builders were in using nature’s elements to create energy-sufficient and sustainable living spaces. These timeless architectural 10.　　　　　　(wonder) continue to inspire architects in their efforts to find green solutions for cooling homes and buildings. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍“天井”这一中国传统住宅典型的设计,尤其介绍了“天井”在增强气流、推广环保实践方面的现代化应用。 1.dating　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语,date from表示“追溯到”,没有被动形式,故用dating。]2.were designed　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。空前的which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为名词复数homes,与design之间是被动关系,同时根据“Ming and Qing dynasties”可知,用过去时,故本空填were designed。注意空后的house在此作动词,表示“让……居住”。句意:天井常见于明、清朝时的住所中,这些住所是设计来让不同辈分的亲戚居住的。]3.the　[考查冠词。根据空前的located可知,这里说的是天井在住所中的位置,heart在此表示“中心,中央”。此处表特指,故用定冠词。句意:尽管它们的大小和设计各不相同,但这些天井通常是方形的,位于房子的中心。]4.has advocated/has been advocating　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Since decades ago”可知,本空应用完成时。这里既可以强调动作对现在的影响,也可以强调动作的持续性。主语the government是单数概念,与advocate之间是主动关系。故填has advocated/has been advocating。句意:自几十年前以来,政府已经倡导/一直倡导绿色建筑,推广环保实践。]5.for/in　[考查介词。根据句意可知,此处可以表示“为了现代化的使用”,也可以表示“在现代化中使用”,故填for/in。]6.to save　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语。再结合句意可知,建筑师在设计新建筑时会关注天井背后的原理,这样的做法是为了节约能源。故用动词不定式短语作目的状语。故填to save。]7.which/that　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空前的“The Dongguan TBA Tower...internal‘windpipes’”是完整的句子,故“　　　　 function in a similar way to skywells”应该是一个从句。结合句意可知,此处应该引导定语从句。空后的function在此作动词,意为“起作用”。从句缺主语,先行词为表示物的windpipes“气管”,故填which/that。句意:例如,广东省的东莞台商大厦通过内部“气管”将自然气流引入每一层,其功能与天井类似。] 8.comfortable　[考查词性转换。“keep sth+形容词”意为“使……保持……”,形容词作宾语补足语,故填comfortable。]9.how　[考查名词性从句。本句话中shows是主句的谓语,空处引导宾语从句。根据句意可知,此处应用how修饰形容词clever,表示程度。句意:天井今天仍然存在的事实表明,古代建筑者是多么聪明地利用自然元素创造能源充足和可持续的生活空间。]10.wonders　[考查名词的数。空处在句中作主语,其前有形容词architectural修饰,故应用名词。wonder在此意为“奇迹,奇观”,是可数名词,前面有These修饰,故用复数wonders。句意:这些永恒的建筑奇迹继续激励建筑师努力寻找为房屋和建筑降温的绿色解决方案。]