【01-暑假复习】专题04 名词、代词、冠词和数词 (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (译林版)

这是一份【01-暑假复习】专题04 名词、代词、冠词和数词 (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (译林版)，共9页。试卷主要包含了可数名词变复数，单复数同形的可数名词，集体名词的单复数，名词所有格，名词作定语等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升
复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破
核心考点聚焦
考点一
名词
一、可数名词变复数
1.直接在词尾加-s。如：
bk → bks map → maps
2.以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词，通常在词尾直接加-es。如：
glass → glasses watch → watches bx → bxes brush → brushes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变-y 为-i再加-es。以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词或以-y结尾的专有名词，直接加-s。如：
factry → factries family → families by → bys Henry → Henrys
4.以“元音字母+”结尾的名词，直接加-s。以“辅音字母+”结尾的名词，一般加-es。如:
bamb → bambs z → zs her → heres tmat → tmates
注意：一些以“辅音字母+”结尾的外来词和缩写词等，变复数时加-s。如:pian → pians。
5.以-f或-e结尾的名词，多数变-f或-fe为-v再加-es。如：
thief → thieves wife → wives knife → knives wlf → wlves
half → halves life → lives leaf → leaves shelf → shelves
巧记：小偷的妻子吃完一片面包后，用刀将狼砍成两半，结束了其生命，然后一半放在树叶上，一半放在架子上。
注意:①有些以+结尾的名词变复数时直接加-s。如:rf → rfs。
②少数既可以直接加-s，也可以变-f或-fe为v再加+es。如：handkerchief → handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。
6.不规则变化
child → children muse → mice man → men ft → feet
二、单复数同形的可数名词
1.三种动物：fish(鱼)，sheep(绵羊)，deer(鹿)
2.某国人：Chinese(中国人)，Japanese(日本人)，Swiss(瑞士人)
3.其他：means(方式，方法)，wrks(工厂)
三、集体名词的单复数
1.有些集体名词,如:peple(人，人民)，plice(警察)，cattle(牛)，rest(其余的人)等，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
The plice like t help peple. 警察乐于助人。
Were there many peple at the party? 参加晚会的人很多吗?
注意：peple作“民族，种族”讲时，为可数名词。
2.有些集体名词，如：army(军队)，pubic(公众)，crwd(人群)，class(班级)，family(家庭)，team(队)，audience(观众)，gvernment(政府)，party(政党)，enemy(敌人)，cuple(一对)等，既可作单数又可作复数。当指某一集体总称时看作单数；当指该集体中的每一个成员时，看作复数。
Our class is made up f 45 students. 我们班由45名学生组成。
Our class are all in high spirits. 我们班个个都斗志昂扬。
四、名词所有格
1.表示有生命的名词在词尾加“'s”。如：Jim's T-shirt。
2.以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“'”。如:the bys' names。
3.表示两人或多人共有时，只在后一个名词词尾加“'s”；表示两人或多人分别所有时，则在每个名词词尾加“'s”。如：
Jim Green is Lucy and Lily's teacher. (两个人共同的老师)
These are Lucy's and Michael's bags. (两个人各自的书包)
4.双重所有格
双重所有格即“f十名词所有格”，表示整体中的一个或者部分。如：
a friend f my father's = ne f my father's friends 我父亲的一位朋友
五、名词作定语
1.名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。如：:tw apple trees(两棵苹果树)。
2. man, wman在名词前作定语时，其单复数形式与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致。如:three wmen teachers(三位女教师)，ten men dctrs(十个男医生)。
3.“数词十名词”作定语时,其中的名词也要用单数形式。如：an 11-year-ld girl(一个11岁的女孩)。
1. The editr reviewed many c sent by students fr the schl magazine’s next issue.
2. After reaching yur d , yu will have a day t explre and be amazed by this ancient city.
3. 教练很快认出了这位年轻运动员的潜力，并开始对他进行严格训练。
The cach quickly the yung ptential and began training him strictly.
4. Ging frm high schl t high schl is a really big .
考点二
代词
从初中过渡到高中真是一项巨大的挑战。
一、人称代词
人称代词不仅指人，也可指物，有人称、数和格的变化。
--Wh is kncking at the dr? 谁在敲门？
--It's me. 是我。
She is my clsest friend. 她是我最要好的朋友.
二、物主代词
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
May I use yur pen? Yurs wrks better. 我可以用你的钢笔吗？你的更好用。
I lve my mtherland as much as yu lve yurs. 我深爱我的祖国就像你深爱你的祖国一样。
三、反身代词
反身代词是一种表示反身或强调的代词，如mysef, yurself, himself, herself, itself以及它们的复数形式。
Yu shuld be prud f yurself. 你应该为自己感到骄傲。
We enjyed urselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。
易混辨析
1. it, ne和that
He lst my wallet. he has lked fr it everywhere, but he can't find it. S he'll have t buy a new ne.
他的钱包丢了。他已经到处找过了，但没找到。因此他将不得不买一块新的,
This bk is mre interesting than that n the desk. 这本书比桌子上的那本更有趣。
2. neither与either
--Which f the sngs d yu like? 你喜欢哪首歌曲？
--Neither (f them)!都不喜欢！
The thief was put in the plice car with a pliceman n either side f him.窃贼被送到警车上，身体两侧各坐着一个警察。
1. Dangerus cnditins and brken rads made difficult fr sldiers t deliver supplies.
2. Thugh it is ften regarded as a sprt by ld peple, I am sure I will cntinue t practise tai chi and enjy the benefits has brught me.
3. is estimated that 5G technlgy will be likely t be used in mre fields.
考点三
冠词
4. “Althugh it was difficult at first, I gradually gt used t eating and getting dressed by (I),” the ne-armed by said.
一、a(n)与the的区别
Eg. Which is the larger cuntry, Canada r Australia? 加拿大和澳大利亚，哪一个国家更大？
--If yu dn't like the red cat, take the blue ne.--如果你不喜欢这件红色的外套，拿那件蓝色的吧。
--OK, but d yu have a bigger size? The ne is a bit tight fr me.--好的，但是你们有大一点的尺寸吗？这一件我穿有点紧了。
二、a(n)的特殊用法
1.不可数抽象名词，如danger, beauty, success, hnur, help, jy, pity, disappintment, surprise, pleasure, cmfrt等在强调具体的人或事时，常将其具体化，前面应加不定冠词。
As a dctr, she is a success. 作为一名医生,她很成功。
2.不可数名词，如educatin, histry, knwledge, ppulatin, time, wrld等在表示其某一部分或某一方面的内容概念时，前面常加不定冠词。
Nigeria has a ppulatin f mre than 200 millin. 尼日利亚有2亿多人口。
3.序数词secnd, third等词前面用不定冠词，表示“再一，又一”。
We'll learn a secnd language in the secnd grade. 二年级时我们将再学一门外语。
1. When the prject ended in 1980, it was cnsidered great success. (用适当的词填空)
2. Zhang Sanfeng, 13th-century Taist, was said t have invented tai chi after drawing inspiratin frm a fight between a snake and a bird. (用适当的词填空)
3. As individual, every student has their wn unique learning styles. (用适当的词填空)
考点四
数词
4. Taking a pht f an essay is unique request, but I am up fr the challenge. (用适当的词填空)
1.数词常见的变形有ne--nce, tw--twice, hundred--hundreds, thusand--thusands。
2.序数词变化规则：除了first, secnd, third特殊外，其他基本是在基数词词尾加-th构成。
3.表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母用复数形式，如1/3--a/ne third, 2/3--tw thirds, 3/4--three quarters/furths, 2/5--tw fifths。
1. There are nineteen peple waiting fr the dentist in frnt f me. I’m the (twenty).
1. It is well knwn that Germany’s car industry is its beer.
A. as a symbl much asB. as much a symbl as
C. s much the symbl asD. s the symbl much as
2. After the civil war, the damage and suffering caused extended far beynd the immediate fatalities, leading t lng-term sciecnmic instability and sense f cllective trauma.
A. whichB. asC. whatD. it
3. strikes me that the man was nt telling the truth.
A. ItB. ItsC. WhatD. That
4. One f the mst wnderful migratins in nature is f the Nrth American mnarch butterfly.
A. itB. thisC. thatD. ne
5. teenagers addicted t nline games is said t be increasing year by year.
A. The number fB. A number fC. A lt fD. A variety f
6. With Bill in lead, the explrers entered the frest which is hme t many wild animals.
A. the; aB. 不填; aC. a; theD. the;不填
提升专练
I.单句语法填空
1. The theme shuld be in ________(relate) with traditinal Chinese culture, as is required.
2. Big challenges can smetimes lead t great ________(slve).
3. After lunch they drve ut t their summer villa, in rder t make ________(arrange) there fr the winter.
4. In sme cuntries, there are tw r mre fficial ________(language).
5. The ________(preserve) f cultural heritage is an imprtant task fr us.
6. Hwever, the high speed train has made ________ much mre cnvenient fr them t g back hme.
7. T help yur muscles recver and repair ________(they) after exercise, yu need t eat fds rich in prtein.
8. Finally, ________ shuld be pinted ut that enjying the cmpany f a crwd is nt the same as being with friends.
9. “Althugh it was difficult at first, I gradually gt used t eating and getting dressed by ________(I),” the ne-armed by said.
10. ________ is estimated that 5G technlgy will be likely t be used in mre fields.
11. I can't believe the first week is cming t ________ end.
12. It can be ________ big headache fr the wrking parents t find reliable childcare during the busy hliday seasn.
13. Learning ballet is very hard, but yu shuld accept ________ challenge.
14. Fish prefer shallw water t deep water because ________ frmer is warmer.
15. I’ve heard that it is ________ amazing sight, and I can’t wait t g.
16. In time yu will find yurself grwing int ________ well-runded individual
17. Taking a pht f an essay is ________ unique request, but I am up fr the challenge.
18. As ________ individual, every student has their wn unique learning styles.
19. Zhang Sanfeng, ________ 13th-century Taist, was said t have invented tai chi after drawing inspiratin frm a fight between a snake and a bird.
20. When the prject ended in 1980, it was cnsidered ________ great success.
II.阅读理解
(24-25高一下·浙江·开学考试)The US gvernment is beginning t hand ut billins f dllars int infrastructure(基础设施) spending t better the US water system, much f which will g t imprving strmwater systems. But sme scientists and city planners are pushing t fund prjects that are better adapted t the changing climate. Instead f just gray infrastructure, supprters say the answer is green.
Green infrastructure, whether large rain gardens r plants alng streets, has the same purpse as big strm pipes: t manage large amunts f water that can build up during heavy rains. That is, when rain strms hit, the water saks int the rain gardens, which prevents that water frm rushing t the streets and sidewalks, thus greatly reducing the pressure n the strmwater system. Green infrastructure can als help when it’s nt raining. Summer heat waves are ften mre dangerus in cities, because cncrete (水泥) takes in heat in line with what’s knwn as the “urban heat island” effect. Plants and parks can prvide much needed cling.
Then why isn’t there mre green infrastructure? While bth gray and green infrastructure require upfrnt funding, green infrastructure als requires nging csts t repairing it regularly, which can turn ut t be a big blck t ding it. In additin, the mst cst-effective time t build green infrastructure prjects is when cities are already ding radwrk. But because the prjects are ften managed by different departments, wrking tgether effectively smetimes seems impssible. Als, sme state gvernments put the need t repair and upgrade gray infrastructure first rather than starting green prjects in many cmmunities.
Accrding t Marccus Hendricks, assistant prfessr f city studies and planning at the University f Maryland, althugh highlighting the significance f green infrastructure is f great imprtance, it has been a stepchild f the types f systems peple pay attentin t.
1. Why des the authr mentin gray infrastructure in paragraph 1?
A. T present a fact.B. T attract the readers.
C. T explain an issue.D. T intrduce the tpic.
2. What is green infrastructure aimed at?
A. Raising funds fr infrastructure.B. Beautifying the city appearances.
C. Replacing the functin f strm pipes.D. Easing the stress f the strm water system.
3. What is the current situatin f green infrastructure accrding t Hendricks?
A. It is the primary fcus f city planning.
B. It has received much funding t get it upgraded.
C. It hasn’t received enugh attentin frm the fficials.
D. It is cnsidered less cst-effective than gray infrastructure.
4. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Green Infrastructure: A Lng Way t G.B. Gray Infrastructure: Time t Knck Out.
C. Green Infrastructure: Prepared t Set Off.D. Gray Infrastructure: A Necessity in Cities.
III.完形填空
(24-25高一下·山东聊城·开学考试)When I was little, I spent much time at my grandfather’s huse, watching him paint all day lng.What I remember mst was hw he 5 painting ld ships.
As I grew up, we hardly 6 .I nticed he didn’t really 7 much anymre. Abut a year ag, he had a heart attack. In and ut f the 8 fr a while, he recvered but was still 9 ,mving arund his huse in a wheelchair.
Then, I started 10 his huse and we began t talk mre. We discussed life and ur interests. Every time I 11 , he wanted t talk a lt.I figured he was lnely and enjyed the 12 . Wndering why he didn’t start painting again, I made it a pint t casually(不经意地) 13 it when I came ver, telling him ften that he shuld paint again. It 14 ! He started sending me t buy paint and pster bards.He asked me abut clrs and 15 me his paintings.I lved the way he painted the 16 ships. He lked happier.Painting seemed t have brught back sme 17 part f him.
Cleaning fr my grandpa has brught us clser.Despite his seventy-five years f age, I 18 t discurage him frm painting.Days like these are 19 , and I enjy the little mments.
5. A. missedB. startedC. lvedD. avided
6. A. fughtB. explredC. spkeD. traveled
7. A. paintB. laughC. exerciseD. care
8. A. fficeB. hspitalC. shipD. city
9. A. psitiveB. busyC. calmD. weak
10. A. searchingB. repairingC. sharingD. cleaning
11. A. set ffB. came verC. lked arundD. called back
12. A. cmpanyB. freedmC. challengeD. rest
13. A. drpB. answerC. requestD. mentin
14. A. happenedB. cntinuedC. appearedD. wrked
15. A. shwedB. lentC. prmisedD. delivered
16. A. brkenB. ancientC. emptyD. freign
17. A. yuthfulB. smartC. funD. secret
18. A. manageB. decideC. refuseD. fail
19. A.
IV.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(24-25高一下·湖北孝感·开学考试)In East China’s Anhui prvince, 20 2-meter-wide alley(巷) separates a pair f gray walls. At first glance it may seem insignificant, but t thse 21 knw its histry, Liuchi Alley in Tngcheng symblizes much mre than its previus 22 (appear) wuld suggest.
The alley’s name 23 (cme) frm the Chinese wrds fr “six” and “chi”, a unit f length, due t its width. In the early Qing Dynasty, it served as the bundary between the Zhang and Wu families, bth with prminent members in Emperr Kangxi’s curt r ther regins. Hwever, the tw families quarreled ver the bundary and the right 24 (build) a wall.
After 25 (fail) t get mediatin frm a reginal fficial, the Zhangs wrte t Zhang Ying, a tp fficial in the curt. His respnse, 26 the frm f a pem, didn’t supprt his family as expected. Instead, he asked his relatives t step back l meter frm the bundary. 27 (mve) by this, bth families did s, and the alley 28 (frm).
This alley is ften assciated with tlerance, mrality, and scial rder. Althugh the walls are replicas, peple are still attracted by its stry. T rdinary flk, the stry is abut hw t get alng with ther peple, while authrities think it can als functin as a guideline fr 29 (fficial).
V.应用文写作
(24-25高一下·湖南长沙·开学考试)寒假结束后，许多同学可能还沉浸在假期的放松状态中。请你以学生会的名义写一封倡议书，号召全校同学迅速调整状态，回归健康、规律的学习生活。字数要求：80词左右。
内容要点：
1.说明寒假结束后调整状态的重要性；
2.指出同学们可能存在的“假期综合症”问题；
3.提出具体的建议。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 数
格
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
yu
yu
yu
yu
第三人称
he/she/it
him/her/it
they
them
数
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
形容词性物主代词
my
yur
his/her/its
ur
yur
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yurs
his/hers/its
urs
yurs
theirs
it
特指上文出现过的同一事物，与前面的名词是同一个。
ne
泛指同名异物可数名词单数，指“同一类中的一个”。
that
特指同名异物不可数名词或可数名词单数，只指物。
neither
表示完全否定意义，意为“两者都不”
either
表示肯定意义，为“(两者中的)任何一个”。两者都可以单独使用，也可以与介词f连用。
a(n)
常用于表示泛指的单数名词之前
the
多用于表示特指的单数名词，复数名词或不可数名词之前。