2026版高考英语一轮总复习专题突破训练题专题二“形”“态”各异的动词第二讲非谓语动词

这是一份2026版高考英语一轮总复习专题突破训练题专题二“形”“态”各异的动词第二讲非谓语动词，共11页。
In the prcess f the cmpetitin，yu shuld pay attentin t the rules made⑨ by us.First，yu shuld make yur vice heard⑩ clearly by everyne, s reading alud⑪ is very necessary.Secnd，yu shuld try yur best t express⑫ yurself in fluent English.Finally, yu shuld finish yur speech in five minutes.
I am sure the English speech cmpetitin will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied⑬ with ur perfrmance.Thank yu!
用法感悟
1．①t intrduce this English speech cntest 是不定式短语作真正的 主 语， it 是形式主语。
②t master a freign language是不定式短语作 主 语。
④t learn English是不定式短语作 定 语，修饰way。
⑤t shw their best是不定式短语作 宾 语。
⑫t express yurself in English fluently是不定式短语作 目的状 语。
2．③Taking part in an English speech cntest⑪reading alud都是动名词短语作 主 语。
⑥listening and speaking是动名词作 定 语，修饰 ability，表示类别。
⑧learning English是动名词短语作介词f的 宾 语。
3．⑦develping a gd habit f learning English是现在分词短语作 状 语。
⑨made by us是过去分词短语作 定 语。
⑩heard clearly by everyne是过去分词短语作 宾语补足 语。
⑬satisfied是分词形容词，在句中作 表 语，意为“感到满意的”。
非谓语动词概述
1．什么是非谓语动词
非谓语动词是动词的特殊形式，在句子中可以充当谓语以外的成分。
2．非谓语动词在句子中的作用
一个句子中已存在一个谓语动词，又没有连词的情况下，再出现一个动词则用非谓语动词。
She gt ff the bus，but she left her handbag n the seat.(有并列连词，所以用谓语动词)
She gt ff the bus，leaving her handbag n the seat.(没有连词，所以用非谓语动词)
3．非谓语动词的种类：动词-ing形式、过去分词和不定式。
考点一 非谓语动词作状语
一、动词不定式作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等
1．作目的状语，有时也用in rder t或s as t，但s as t不用于句首。
(2022·全国甲卷满分作文)We will cntinue ur campaign t prevent and cntrl cean pllutin t make ur ceans clean.
我们将继续我们的运动，以预防和控制海洋污染，使我们的海洋变得干净。
2．作结果状语，常用结构enugh t, , nly t 等。
I'm t tired t stay up any lnger.
我太累了，实在不能再熬夜了。
3．作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad, happy, frightened, surprised 等。
I was frightened t find that in frnt f my dr sat a dg.
我惊恐地发现我家门前坐着一只狗。
二、动词-ing 形式作状语
动词-ing 形式作状语，常表示原因、伴随、时间、结果等，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
Walking in the street，I came acrss an ld friend.(时间状语)
走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。
Having waited in line fr tw hurs，the ld man became impatient.(原因状语)
已经排了两小时的队，这个老人变得不耐烦了。
His parents died, leaving him an rphan.(结果状语)
他的父母去世了，让他成了孤儿。
【点津】
动词不定式作结果状语时，常表示意想不到的结果；而动词-ing 形式作结果状语时，常表示自然而然的结果。
三、过去分词作状语
1．过去分词作状语，分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
Seriusly injured, she has t be sent t the hspital at nce.
她受了重伤，必须马上送往医院。
2．某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如lst (迷路的), seated (坐着的), hidden (隐瞒的), lst/absrbed in (沉溺于), dressed in (穿着……的), tired f (对……感到厌倦的)等。
Absrbed in the bk, he didn't ntice me enter the rm.
他完全被这本书所吸引，没有注意到我进入房间。
【点津】
独立成分作状语，其形式不受上下文的影响。常用的有cnsidering that...(鉴于……；考虑到……)；generally speaking(总的来说); judging by/frm...(从……来看；依据……来判断); suppsing that...(假定……); prviding that...(假定……); wing t...(由于……); talking/speaking f...(谈及……); given that...(考虑到……)；prvided that...(如果……); t tell the truth (实话实说)；t be hnest (老实说)等。
即时演练(一)
单句语法填空
1．He hurried t the statin, nly t be infrmed (infrm) that the train had left.
2． T remember (remember) all the questins yu have when yu are nt in the dctr's ffice, write them dwn and bring the list with yu t yur appintment.
3．He was a tall man in his fifties, dressed (dress) in a business suit.
4．She has never seen such a cllective dedicatin frm a natin, turning (turn) things fr the better by sacrificing persnal cnvenience.
5．He used t be addicted t electrnic devices and stay up late every night, trapped (trap) in an unhealthy daily rutine.
考点二 非谓语动词作定语
一、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系。
(1)当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词，the nly，the next等修饰时，常常用t d 作定语。
She is always the first t cme and the last t leave.(主谓关系)
她总是第一个来，最后一个离开。
(2)用在固定句型sb.have sth.t d和 there be sth.t d中。
Students cmplain that they have endless hmewrk t d every day.(动宾关系)
学生们抱怨他们每天有做不完的作业。
(3)修饰某些名词，如chance，pprtunity，way，ability，plan，appeal，privilege等。
His last appeal t cme and see her went unanswered.(同位关系)
没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求。
二、动词-ing形式作定语
1．该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示正在进行的动作时，用动词-ing 形式。
The lecture, starting at 7 'clck last night, was fllwed by an bservatin f the mn with telescpes.
这次演讲开始于昨天晚上7点，紧接着是用望远镜观看月球的活动。
【点津】
被修饰的名词与动词-ing之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用动词-ing形式的被动式作定语。
2．表示被修饰词的某种用途，在意义上相当于“名词＋fr＋ding”，此时动词-ing形式常置于被修饰词的前面。
a swimming pl＝a pl fr swimming游泳池
a waiting rm＝a rm fr waiting候车室
三、过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语，分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
Tsinghua University, funded in 1911, is hme t a great number f utstanding figures.
建于1911 年的清华大学培养出了众多杰出人物。
【点津】
作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有ding和dne两种。ding 表示正在进行；dne表示已经完成。
即时演练(二)
单句语法填空
1．They held hands as Mark was wheeled int the perating (perate) rm.
2．I admit I was t scared at that mment and the uncle standing (stand) beside me was giving me an awkward lk.
3．The reprt, which was published in The Lancet in 2019, was based n research dne with students aged (age) 11 t 17 in 146 different cuntries.
4．In my everyday life, I am n an nging jurney t figure ut different ways t reduce (reduce) my carbn ftprint n the planet.
5．They find cmfrt amng the shelves packed (pack) high with bks and appreciate the smiling faces f librarians eager t help.
考点三 非谓语动词作补足语
1．感官动词和短语(see，watch，bserve，ntice，lk at，hear，listen t，feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的非谓语动词形式有三种(d, ding, dne)。d表示主动和完成(被动句中动词不定式符号t要还原)，ding表示主动或正在进行，dne 表示被动或完成。
The missing by was last seen playing near the river.
失踪的男孩最后一次被看到时正在河边玩耍。
I hear the sng sung every time I pass by the cffee shp.
每当我经过这家咖啡屋，我都能听到有人唱这首歌。
I ften hear the girl sing the sng which is ppular recently.＝The girl is ften heard t sing the sng which is ppular recently.
我经常听到这个小女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。
2．动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find，catch后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。
On the cntrary, thse wh let teenagers experience the cnsequences f their actins can d better.
相反，那些让青少年体验他们行为后果的人能够做得更优秀。
She had t raise her vice t make herself heard.
她不得不提高嗓门使自己被听到。
The headmaster was angry t catch sme students smking again.
又一次抓住一些学生吸烟，校长很生气。
3．固定短语(如advise/allw/encurage/request/warn/invite sb. t d sth.等)中动词不定式作宾语补足语。
I am writing t invite yu t cme t my birthday party.
我写信邀请您来参加我的生日晚会。
4．with/withut的复合结构：with/withut＋名词/代词＋ding (表示主动、进行)/dne(表示被动、完成)/t d(表示目的、将来)。
Withut anyne nticing me, I stle int the rm.
没有人注意到我，我偷偷溜进了房间。
With his hair cut，he lked much yunger.
理了发，他看起来年轻多了。
With a lt f hmewrk t d，I can't g skating with yu.
因为有很多作业要做，所以我不能和你一起去滑冰。
即时演练(三)
单句语法填空
1．She returned hme, nly t find the dr pen and a number f things gne (g)．
2．With a lt f difficult prblems t settle (settle), he can't get hme early.
3．With the by leading (lead) the way, the sldiers managed t walk thrugh the frest.
4．Nt seeing r hearing any fire engines appraching (apprach), Grant rushed t a side entrance and ran up the stairs.
5．Fu believes it was his scientific apprach t training that enabled him t vercme (vercme) thse difficulties and reach his destinatin.
考点四 非谓语动词作宾语
1．下列动词只能用动词不定式作宾语
She pretended nt t see me when I passed by.
当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
2．下列动词只能用动词-ing形式作宾语
We enjy reading English stries.
我们喜欢读英语故事。
【点津】
如果作宾语的动词不定式有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语后置。
I find it impssible t change her idea.
我发现改变她的想法是不可能的。
3．既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟动词不定式的动词和短语：remember, frget, regret, stp, g n, mean, start, begin, try等。
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(frget/remember t d sth.忘记/记得去做某事,frget/remember ding sth.忘记/记得做了某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(regret t d sth.对要做某事感到遗憾,regret ding sth.后悔做了某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(try t d sth.尽力去做某事,try ding sth.尝试做某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(mean t d sth.想要/打算做某事,mean ding sth.意味着做某事))
①I meant t g, but my father wuld nt allw me t.
我想去，但是我的父亲不让我去。
②Raising wages means increasing purchasing pwer.
提高工资意味着增加购买力。
4．“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构
动词不定式可以与疑问代词和疑问副词(why除外)等连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。
I didn't knw hw t get back t the village.
我不知道怎样回到村子。
Experience tells yu what t d; cnfidence allws yu t d it.
经验告诉你做什么，而信心让你去做这件事。
5．固定结构“d/have/其他动词＋sth.＋but/except (t) d sth.”中的动词不定式用法：要遵循前有实义动词d，but/except后则无t，反之则有t的原则。
She had n chice but t cry in the face f the difficulty.
面对困难，除了哭泣，她别无选择。
即时演练(四)
单句语法填空
1．Eventually Deere expects t add (add) ther tasks t the autnmus tractr.
2．There is n denying that China is ne f the mst successful cuntries in greening (green) the desert.
3．I'm cnsidering buying (buy) an iPad, which is cnsidered t be a useful tl.
4．As a result f the serius fld, tw-thirds f the buildings in the area need repairing/t be repaired (repair).
5．Even thugh peple initially laughed at him, he finally managed t give (give) his hmetwn a path available t the nearby twn.
考点五 非谓语动词作主语、表语
一、非谓语动词中可以作主语的有动词-ing形式和动词不定式
1．动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作；动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未发生的动作。
Facing up t yur prblems rather than running away frm them is the best apprach t wrking them ut.
直面问题而不是逃避问题才是解决问题的最佳途径。
2．it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式，常见句型如下：
It is/was n use/gd ding sth.; It is/was nt any use/gd ding sth.; It is/was f little use/gd ding sth.; It is/was useless ding sth.; It's a waste f time ding sth.; It takes sb. sme time t d sth.；It is easy/imprtant/vital/necessary/difficult...(fr/f sb.) t d sth.等。
It's imprtant fr the figures t be updated regularly.
经常性地更新数据是非常重要的。
二、非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式
动词-ing形式作表语意为“令人感到……的”，而过去分词作表语意为“感到……的”。
Please describe a dg that is frightening.
请描述一只令人害怕的狗。
Please describe a dg that is frightened.
请描述一只惊恐的狗。
【点津】
get, becme, lk, seem, appear 等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语，表示被动或主语的状态。
This qutatin frm Winstn Churchill tells us that we shuldn't get discuraged right after failure.
温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句话告诉我们，失败后不应该气馁。
即时演练(五)
单句语法填空
1．It's n gd regretting (regret) yur past mistakes.
2．Frtunately, nwadays it is much easier t make (make) ec-friendly lifestyle chices.
3．I gt caught in the traffic jam and I'm nt sure hw lng it will take t arrive (arrive) at the airprt.
4．What wrried the child mst was his nt being allwed (nt, allw) t visit his mther in the hspital.
5．It is, therefre, urgent t update (update) ur curricula by intrducing the recent develpments in the relevant fields.
考点六 非谓语动词的时态和语态
一、主动形式和被动形式
非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓或动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时，用主动形式；与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时，用被动形式。
The meeting t be held tmrrw is f great imprtance.
明天举行的会议非常重要。
二、时间先后关系
根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态。
1．非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生，用非谓语动词的一般式。
2．非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用非谓语动词的完成式。
Having finished his hmewrk, he went t bed.
他完成作业后就去睡觉了。
即时演练(六)
单句语法填空
1．The nvel is believed t have been translated (translate) int ten freign languages s far.
2．The manager, having made (make) it clear that he didn't agree with us, left the meeting rm.
3． Having been talked (talk) t change my attitude, I finally gt the right way t rid myself f carelessness and gained cnfidence as well.
4．The plice are said t be undertaking (undertake) detailed investigatins int the case at present.
5．In fact, much remains t be learned/t be learnt (learn) abut traditinal Chinese painting and its elements.
6．(2024·四川省高职单招)The Olympic Games, first played (play)in 776 BC, did nt include wmen players until 1912.
【例1】 These days, it is nt unusual fr 10-t 12-year-lds t publish their wn websites r fr secnd and third graders t begin (begin) cmputer classes.
分析：此处是“it is＋形容词＋ fr sb. t d sth.”结构，该结构中， it作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式。故填t begin。
【例2】 On the last day f ur week-lng stay, we were invited t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars， listening (listen) t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
分析：分析句子结构可知，空前为完整的句子，设空处应用非谓语动词。 we与listen之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表主动和伴随，应用动词-ing形式作状语。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题， and后的meeting interesting lcals为动词-ing形式，故填 listening。
【例3】 Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, prud Irene declared she had n plans t retire (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
分析：分析句子结构可知，从句中已有谓语动词 had，设空处与had 之间无连词连接，应用非谓语动词形式；设空处作名词 plans的后置定语，应用动词不定式。故填t retire。
【例4】 Pahlssn and her husband nw think the ring prbably gt swept (sweep) int a pile f kitchen rubbish.
分析：句意：帕拉森和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能是被扫到一堆厨房垃圾里去了。空前是系动词 gt, sweep 与 the ring之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作表语。故填swept。decide/determine, learn，
want, expect/hpe/wish，
refuse, affrd, manage，
pretend, ffer, prmise，
chse, plan, agree,
ask/beg, help
记忆口诀
决心学会想希望
拒绝给予设法装
主动答应选计划
同意请求帮一帮
avid, miss, delay，
suggest, finish, practice，
enjy, imagine, resist，
admit, deny, envy，
escape, risk, pardn，
stand, keep, mind
记忆口诀
避免错过少延期
建议完成多练习
喜欢想象禁不住
承认否定与妒忌
逃脱冒险莫原谅
忍受保持不在意
类别
语态形式
时态形式
主动
被动
动词不定式
一般式
t d
t be dne
进行式
t be ding
完成式
t have dne
t have been dne
动词-ing
形式
一般式
ding
being dne
完成式
having dne
having been dne
过去分词
一般式
dne