第06讲 一般过去时【暑假自学课】2025-2026学年人教版（2024）八年级英语上册讲义（含答案）

这是一份第06讲 一般过去时【暑假自学课】2025-2026学年人教版（2024）八年级英语上册讲义（含答案），文件包含第06讲一般过去时原卷版暑假自学课2025年新八年级人教版2024英语docx、第06讲一般过去时解析版暑假自学课2025年新八年级人教版2024英语docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共20页， 欢迎下载使用。
一般过去时
语法解析
1.核心结构与用法
2.规则动词过去式变化规则
【典例分析】
考点1：一般过去时结构辨析（基础）
1.—______ yu ______ t the museum yesterday?
—Yes,I did.
A.D;g B.Did;g C.Did;went D.D;went
【答案】B
【解析】根据标志词yesterday用一般过去时，一般疑问句需用助动词Did，后接动词原形g，故选B。
2.She ______ nt ______ her hmewrk last night.
A.did;d B.did;did C.des;d D.des;did
【答案】A
【解析】否定句结构为didn’t + 动词原形，last night表过去，主语第三人称单数仍用didn’t，故选A。
3.—Where ______ he ______ frm?
—He was frm China.
A.is;cme B.des;cme C.did;cme D.was;cme
【答案】C
【解析】询问过去的来源，实义动词cme需用助动词Did，构成Did + 主语 + cme frm，故选C。
考点2：动词过去式变化规则（进阶）
1.They ______ t the park and ______ a picnic last Sunday.
A.g;have B.went;had C.g;had D.went;have
【答案】B
【解析】last Sunday表过去，g的过去式为went，have的过去式为had，并列结构需保持时态一致，故选B。
2.The by ______ his hmewrk carefully yesterday.
A.study B.studies C.studied D.studyed
【答案】C
【解析】study以辅音+y结尾，变y为i加-ed，正确过去式为studied，而非studyed，故选C。
3.We ______ at the htel last night because it rained heavily.
A.stped B.stpped C.stp D.stpping
【答案】B
【解析】stp为重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母p，需双写p加-ed，正确形式为stpped，故选B。
学习总结
核心语法点速记
1.结构公式：
肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式（规则动词加-ed/不规则动词特殊形式）。
否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形（无论主语人称，动词均用原形）。
疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形？（be动词过去式was/were直接提前）。
2.动词过去式规则：
规则动词：一般加-ed，e结尾加-d，辅音+y变i+ed，重读闭音节双写加-ed。
不规则动词：需单独记忆（如d→did，see→saw，am/is→was，are→were）。
标志词：yesterday, last week, , in 2022等表示过去的时间短语。
易错点警示
be动词误用：注意主语与be动词过去式的搭配（I/He/She/It→was，We/Yu/They→were）。
不规则动词混淆：避免将不规则动词按规则变化（如✘ drink→drinked ✔️ drink→drank）。
助动词多余：否定句和疑问句中已有did，动词需用原形（如✘ He didn’t went ✔️ He didn’t g）。
过关检测
（一）单项选择
1.—______ was yur weekend?
—It was great!
A.What B.Hw C.Where D.When
【答案】B
【解析】对周末的感受提问用Hw，构成Hw was + 主语，故选B。
2.They ______ t the z by bus yesterday.
A.g B.ges C.went D.ging
【答案】C
【解析】yesterday为过去时间，g的过去式为went，故选C。
3.—Did yu ______ any phts in the park?
—Yes,I did.
A.take B.takes C.tk D.taking
【答案】A
【解析】一般疑问句中助动词Did后接动词原形take，故选A。
4.She ______ her rm just nw.
A.clean B.cleans C.cleaned D.cleaning
【答案】C
【解析】just nw表过去，clean为规则动词，直接加-ed，故选C。
5.We ______ nt at hme last night.We were at the cinema.
A.are B.were C.is D.was
【答案】B
【解析】主语We对应be动词过去式were，否定式为weren’t，故选B。
6.He ______ a letter t his friend last mnth.
A.write B.writes C.wrte D.writing
【答案】C
【解析】last mnth表过去，write的过去式为不规则变化wrte，故选C。
7.—______ she ______ t schl by bike yesterday?
—N,she tk the bus.
A.Des;g B.Did;g C.Did;ges D.D;g
【答案】B
【解析】yesterday表过去，一般疑问句用Did + 主语 + 动词原形g，故选B。
8.They ______ a wnderful time at the party last night.
A.have B.has C.had D.having
【答案】C
【解析】last night表过去，have的过去式为had，故选C。
9.—Where ______ yu brn?
—I was brn in Shanghai.
A.are B.were C.is D.was
【答案】B
【解析】出生是过去的动作，主语yu对应be动词过去式were，故选B。
10.He ______ his bike and hurt his leg yesterday.
A.fall B.falls C.fell D.falling
【答案】C
【解析】yesterday表过去，fall的过去式为不规则变化fell，故选C。
（二）句型转换
1.He played basketball yesterday.（改为否定句）
→He ______ ______ basketball yesterday.
【答案】didn’t play
【解析】在实义动词played前加didn’t，动词还原为原形play。
2.They were late fr the meeting.（改为一般疑问句）
→______ ______ late fr the meeting?
【答案】Were they
【解析】将be动词were提前至句首，首字母大写，构成一般疑问句。
3.She visited her grandparents last week.（对划线部分提问）
→______ ______ she ______ last week?
【答案】What did;d
【解析】对动作visited提问用What did，后接动词原形d。
4.I was brn in 2010.（改为否定句）
→I ______ ______ brn in 2010.
【答案】was nt
【解析】在was后加nt，可缩写为wasn’t，否定be动词短语。
5.Did they g t the beach?（作肯定回答）
→Yes,______ ______.
【答案】they did
【解析】肯定回答用Yes + 主语 + did，主语they与问句一致。
6.He did his hmewrk at hme.（改为一般疑问句）
→______ he ______ his hmewrk at hme?
【答案】Did;d
【解析】将助动词Did提前，动词还原为原形d。
7.The weather was sunny yesterday.（对划线部分提问）
→______ ______ the weather yesterday?
【答案】Hw was
【解析】对天气状况提问用Hw was，构成Hw was + 主语。
8.They bught sme bks last weekend.（改为否定句）
→They ______ ______ any bks last weekend.
【答案】didn’t buy
【解析】在bught前加didn’t，动词还原为原形buy，sme改为any。
9.Was she happy at the party?（作否定回答）
→N,______ ______.
【答案】she wasn’t
【解析】否定回答用N + 主语 + wasn’t，主语she与问句一致。
10.He went t bed at 10:00 p.m.（对划线部分提问）
→______ ______ ______ he ______ t bed?
【答案】What time did;g
【解析】对具体时间提问用What time did，后接动词原形g。
（三）改错题
1.Tm didn’t went t schl yesterday.（改：______）
【答案】g
【解析】didn’t后需接动词原形g，过去式went应改为原形。
2.She eated an apple fr breakfast.（改：______）
【答案】ate
【解析】eat的过去式为不规则变化ate，非规则变化eated错误。
3.Were yu see the mvie last night?（改：______）
【答案】Did
【解析】实义动词see的过去式疑问句需用助动词Did，而非Be动词Were。
4.We stped at a small twn n the way.（改：______）
【答案】stpped
【解析】stp为重读闭音节，应双写p加-ed，stped拼写错误。
5.He wasn’t d his hmewrk yesterday.（改：______）
【答案】didn’t
【解析】否定实义动词d需用didn’t + 原形，wasn’t后不能接动词原形。
（四）完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
Last Saturday,I ____1____ up early and went t the park with my friends.The weather ____2____ sunny and warm.We ____3____ games and flew kites there.At nn,we ____4____ a picnic near the lake.We ____5____ sandwiches,fruit,and juice.In the afternn,we ____6____ t the museum.We saw many interesting things there.It was a great day!
B.gets C.gt D.getting
【答案】C
【解析】Last Saturday表过去，get的过去式为gt，故选C。
B.was C.are D.were
【答案】B
【解析】weather为不可数名词，对应be动词过去式was，故选B。
B.plays C.played D.playing
【答案】C
【解析】and连接并列过去式，play的过去式为played，故选C。
B.has C.had D.having
【答案】C
【解析】have的过去式为had，构成had a picnic，故选C。
B.eats C.ate D.eating
【答案】C
【解析】eat的过去式为ate，与上下文时态一致，故选C。
B.ges C.gne D.went
【答案】D
【解析】g的过去式为went，构成went t the museum，故选D。
（五）阅读理解
Passage 1
阅读短文，选择最佳答案：
Hell,I’m Lily.Yesterday was my birthday.I gt up early and fund a big gift bx n my desk.It was frm my parents.Inside the bx was a new bike!After breakfast,my friends came t my huse.We sang sngs,played games,and ate a delicius cake.In the afternn,we rde bikes in the park.I had a wnderful birthday!
1.When was Lily’s birthday?
A.Tday. B.Last week. C.Yesterday. D.Tmrrw.
【答案】C
【解析】根据“Yesterday was my birthday.”直接得出答案为C。
2.What did Lily find n her desk?
A.A bk. B.A bike. C.A gift bx. D.A cake.
【答案】C
【解析】由“fund a big gift bx n my desk”可知，Lily在桌上发现的是礼物盒，故选C。
3.What did they d in the afternn?
A.Sang sngs. B.Played games. C.Ate cake. D.Rde bikes.
【答案】D
【解析】根据“we rde bikes in the park”可知，下午他们去骑自行车，故选D。
Passage 2
阅读短文，回答问题：
Hi,I’m Mike.Last Sunday,my family went t the beach.My parents sat n the sand and watched us play.My sister and I swam in the sea and built sandcastles.We als tk many phts.When we gt hme,we were tired but happy.My mther cked a big dinner fr us.It was a great weekend!
1.Where did Mike’s family g last Sunday?
________________________
【答案】T the beach.
【解析】根据“my family went t the beach”直接提取答案。
2.What did Mike and his sister d at the beach?
________________________
【答案】Swam in the sea and built sandcastles.
【解析】由“swam in the sea and built sandcastles”可知，他们在海里游泳并堆沙堡。
3.Hw did they feel when they gt hme?
________________________
【答案】Tired but happy.
【解析】根据“we were tired but happy”直接回答。句型
结构公式
例句
标志词
肯定句
主语 + 动词过去式
She played the pian yesterday. They were late fr schl.
yesterday（昨天） last week/mnth（上周/月） ag（以前） in 2023（在2023年） just nw（刚才）
否定句
主语 + didn’t + 动词原形
He didn’t watch TV last night. We weren’t at hme yesterday.
一般疑问句
Did + 主语 + 动词原形？ Were/Was + 主语 + 表语？
Did yu g t the park? Was she happy yesterday?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形？ 疑问词 + were/was + 主语？
What did they d last weekend? Where was he brn?
结尾字母
变化规则
例词
易错错误
一般情况
加-ed
play→played wrk→wrked
不可漏加-ed（如lk→lk错误）
以不发音e结尾
加-d
dance→danced live→lived
去e加-d（如hpe→hped）
辅音+y结尾
变y为i加-ed
study→studied carry→carried
元音+y直接加-ed（如enjy→enjyed）
重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写辅音字母加-ed
stp→stpped shp→shpped
非重读闭音节不双写（如visit→visited）
不规则动词
特殊变化
g→went eat→ate be→was/were
不可按规则变化（如think→thinked错误）