译林版（2024）八年级上册英语 Unit2 School life 语法知识点 讲义

这是一份译林版（2024）八年级上册英语 Unit2 School life 语法知识点 讲义，共10页。
译林版（2024）八年级上册英语 Unit2 School life 语法知识点 讲义What we learn becomes part of who we are. 我们所学到的东西会成为我们自身的一部分。Welcome to the unit---Unusual schools around the world (P21)1.During the rainy season, there's much more rain in Bangladesh than in many other parts of the world. (P21)在雨季，孟加拉国的降雨量比世界上许多其他地区都要多。句中more是形容词much的比较级，修饰不可数名词rain。句中much是程度副词修饰比较级more.2.With the boat school, children have a chance to learn even when there are floods. (P21) 有了这所船艇学校，孩子们即便在洪水泛滥的时候也能有机会学习。句中动词不定式to learn作定语修饰名词chance。3.What a good way to get the children learning! (P21)这是让孩子们学习的好方法啊!这句是原句It’s a good way to get the children learning!的感叹句型，省略了it is, 强调方法好。4.People in the Philippines and Guatemala build schools with used plastic bottles. (P21) 在菲律宾和危地马拉，人们用回收的塑料瓶建造学校。plastic adj. 塑料的; n.塑料; 作“塑胶、塑料”用时是不可数名词；作“塑料制品”和“信用卡”用时是可数名词。如：These spoons are made of plastic.（不可数）这些汤匙是塑料制的。Plastics are used in many modern articles instead of metal, wood, etc.（可数）塑料在许多现代用品中被用来代替金属、木材等。Nowadays we can use plastic instead of cash in many places buying things.（可数）如今在许多场所都可以用信用卡代替现金来购买物品。 句中used是形容词，意思是“使用过的，用过的”，作定语修饰名词plastic。5.This is very cheap and good for the environment. (P21) 这种方式成本很低，而且对环境有益。// My classmates and I want to protect the environment. (P25) 我和我的同学们想要保护环境。cheap adj.便宜的 expensive adj.昂贵的；贵的；如： The cheapest things may not be the worst, the most expensive ones may not be the best, either.environment n.环境; 是不可数名词, 但如果有定语修饰则可以加a/an，如： He was brought up in an unhappy home environment.the environment特指自然环境，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如：She is not used to the new environment.她对新环境不习惯。Reading---My school life(P22-25)1.Our school is small, so we have fewer students and smaller classes than most schools. (P22) 我们学校规模较小，因此学生人数较少，班级规模也比大多数学校要小。Students here have students' books for most of their subjects, but we only have textbooks for a few subjects. (P29) 这里的学生们大多数课程都有自己的课本，但我们只有少数几门课程有教材。few det. & adj. 不多，很少 pron.很少(或事物、地方); textbook n.课本，教材我们常用fewer ... than对人或事物的数量进行比较,表示“比……少”。fewer修饰可数名词复数。如: Tom is in fewer clubs than Jack.汤姆参加的俱乐部比杰克少。拓展：few//a few// little// a littlefew / a few用来修饰可数名词, few表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有；a few表示有肯定意思,有几个。如：He is new here, he has few friends, he feels lonely. There are a few eggs in the basket. little / a little用来修饰不可数名词, little表示否定意思, 没有,几乎没有; a little 表示肯定意思,有一点儿。如：There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink?2.There are many interesting subjects to choose from, such as drama and foreign languages. (P22) 有很多有趣的科目可供选择，比如戏剧和外语。drama n.戏剧，戏，剧; foreign adj.外国的 foreigner n.外国人; 如：Every year there are plenty of foreigners come to China to enjoy Chinese dramas.3.To us, learning Chinese may not be as simple as learning French or German, but I am looking forward to having a go. (page 22, lines 7-10)对于我们而言,学习汉语可能不像学习法语或德语那么简单;但是我期待试一试。// I am really looking forward to it. (P25) 我真地很期待它（科学节）。French n.法语; 法国人 Frenchman/ Frenchmen// France n.法国; 如:We are going to France to spend our holidays.我们将去法国度假。German n.德语;德国人 pl. Germans// Germany n. 德国; 如:Germany is a European country.德国是一个欧洲国家。短语 look forward to 意思是“盼望,期待”,后而常接名词成动词-ing形式。如:We are looking forward to spending the weekend with you.我们盼着和你们一起过周末。go n.尝试/have a go 尝试，试图(做某事) ; 如:I want to have a go at finishing my essay tonight. 我想今晚完成我的论文。It doesn't matter if you make it or break it as long as you have a go.只要你去尝试，不论你成功或失败都没关系。4.The arts are as important as languages, Maths and Science at our school. (P22) 在我们学校，艺术与语言、数学和科学同等重要。// Our science teacher is as excited as us. (P25) 我们的科学老师和我们一样兴奋不已。// Our schools are as good as each other, because students at both schools learn a lot in their lessons. (P27) 我们的学校和她的学校一样好，因为两所学校的学生在课程中都能学到很多东西。as ... as ...和…一样…; not as/so ... as ... 不如……; as ... as 或 not as ... as 属同级比较, 在此结构中, 要使用形容词或副词原级。如:If you are as busy as I am, you won’t get bored. // This desk is not as heavy as that one.// He does not run as fast as Tom. 5.It is great to be creative and it helps us study better in other subjects. (P22) 能够发挥创造力是一件很棒的事情，而且这还能帮助我们在其他科目上取得更好的学习效果。句中better是副词well的比较级，修饰动词study。6.Time flies when we are enjoying school! (P22) 当我们享受校园生活时，时间总是过得飞快! 句子when we are enjoying school!作时间状语。7.Japan is one of the countries with the most earthquakes in the world, so our school offers different safety programmes to teach us how to survive in the face of danger. (page 23, lines 3-6)日本是世界上地震最多的国家之一,所以我们学校提供不同的安全课程,教会我们面对危险时如何生存下来。// He offered to help when we had a problem, and now the car works. (P25) 他在我们遇到问题时给予了帮助，现在车子又能正常行驶了。本句是并列句,在so引导的第二个简单句中, how to survive in the face of danger 充当teach 的宾语。句中most 是形容词many的最高级，修饰名词earthquake，最高级前通常加定冠词the。offer v.提供offer to do sth. // offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.; 如：offer useful suggestions to us =offer us useful suggestions earthquake n.地震;programme n. (AmE program)课程;计划;节目;in the face of…面对;面临；teach us how to survive in the face of danger=teach how to survive in the face of danger to us8.We get plenty of hands-on experiences from these programmes. (P23) 通过这些课程，我们获得了大量的实践经验。// There are plenty of fun things to see at the science festival. (P25) 在科学节上还有许多有趣的东西可以观赏。// We get to do all kinds of hands-on activities. (P25) 我们可以进行各种动手活动。plenty pron.大量/plenty of大量plenty of +(可数名词复数或不可数名词); 如：There are plenty of restaurants to choose from.有许多餐馆可供选择。He had plenty of time to catch his plane.他有足够多的时间赶飞机。hands - on adj. 实际操作的; 如：Learn about different kinds of hands-on activities.9.Our school also pays a lot of attention to food education. (page 23, lines 8-9)我们学校也很关注食育。// I will pay special attention to everything and tell you all about it in my next blog post. (P25)我会特别关注一切事物，并在下一篇文章中向您讲述相关内容。attention n.注意，专心，注意力 (不可数名词); 短语 pay attention to意思是“重视,注意”。pay attention to + sth./doing sth.; 如:You should pay attention to what she says.你应该注意她所说的话。Buyers always pay great attention to packing.买家总是很注意包装。Pay no attention to the students who laugh at you.10.We learn how to cook meals and eat well. In this way, we are more aware of the importance of a healthy diet. (page 23, lines 9-11)我们学习怎么做饭,怎么吃得好。这样,我们就更了解健康饮食的重要性。// We are also aware of the importance of green energy. (P25) 我们还意识到了绿色能源的重要性。句中的aware意思是“意识到,明白”, 比较级：more aware最高级：the most aware;常用搭配为be aware of sth.或be aware that。如:They are fully aware of the importance of protecting the environment.他们充分意识到保护环境的重要性。Were you aware that something was wrong? 你有没有意识到出了问题?importance n.重要性important adj. 重要的; be of importance= be important; 如：It’s very important to keep a balance between our study and hobbies.= It’s of importance to keep a balance between our study and hobbies.11.Cleaning is another important tradition in Japanese schools. (P23)清洁也是日本学校里的一项重要传统。Japanese adj. 日本(人)的，日语的 Japan n. 日本;In Japan, many Japanese like to eat sashimi(生鱼片).12.Every day at school, we clean classrooms, toilets and other school areas carefully by ourselves. (P23)每天在学校里，我们都会自己仔细地打扫教室、厕所以及其他学校区域。carefully adv.仔细地，小心地 careful adj.仔细的，小心的;ourselves pron.我们自己 by oneself =alone =on one’s own=Every day at school, we clean classrooms, toilets and other school areas carefully alone.= Every day at school, we clean classrooms, toilets and other school areas carefully on our own.13.This helps us develop good habits from an early age. (P23) 这有助于我们在幼年时期就养成良好的习惯。develop vt.形成;vt. & vi.(使)发展 development n. 发展Certainly, pets can help children develop friendship skills.毫无疑问，宠物能帮助孩子们掌握交友技巧。Play is an important part of a child's development.玩耍是儿童成长中的重要组成部分。14.But I love our Science lessons the most. (P25) 但我最喜欢的是我们的科学课。句中most是副词much的最高级，修饰动词love。15. So, we built a small car for this year 's science festival. (P25) 所以，我们为今年的科学节制作了一辆小型汽车。//This car gets its energy from the sun, so it is quite clean. (P25) 这辆车的能量来自太阳，因此非常环保。两个句子中的so都是表示因果关系；so引导的句子为并列句。16.There will be toy robots and a model of a space rocket. (P25) 将会有一些玩具机器人和一个太空火箭模型。 本句是there be句型的一般将来时，相当于There are going to be toy robots and a model of a space rocket. rocket n.火箭Grammar(P26-27)A Comparing the amount of things比较事物的数量。1.Linlin's school has fewer students in each class than Tomoya's school. Nancy's school has the fewest students. (P26)林林所在学校的每个班级的学生人数比托马耶所在的学校少。而南希所在学校的班级学生人数是最少的。我们常用fewer ... than//the fewest对人或事物的数量进行比较,表示“比……少”//“最少"。fewer//the fewest修饰可数名词复数。注意：被比较的双方必须是同类事物或人。如:I study fewer subjects than Nancy, and Tomoya studies fewer subjects than me. Tomoya studies the fewest subjects among the three of us.2.Linlin's school has less break time than Tomoya's school. Nancy's school has the least break time. (P26)琳琳所在学校的课间休息时间比托马耶所在的学校少。而南希所在学校的课间休息时间是最短的。我们常用less ... than//the least对人或事物的数量进行比较,表示“比……少”//“最少"。 less//the least修饰不可数名词。注意：被比较的双方必须是同类事物或人。如:I have less free time than Tomoya, but Nancy has more free time than Tomoya. Among the three of us, I have the least free time and Nancy has the most free time.短语：less and less越来越少 at least至少3.Linlin's school has more break time than Nancy's school. Tomoya's school has the most break time. (P26)琳琳所在的学校比南希所在的学校有更多的课间休息时间。而托马耶所在的学校课间休息时间最长。Nancy's school has more weeks off for the summer holiday than Tomoya's school. Linlin's school has the most weeks off for the summer holiday. (P26)南希所在学校的暑假假期比托马耶同学所在学校的更长。而琳琳所在学校的暑假假期则是最长的。我们常用more... than//the most对人或事物的数量进行比较,表示“比……多”//“最多"。more//the most既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词。注意：被比较的双方必须是同类事物或人。如:Tomoya's school has more students and free time in each class than Linlin's school.Nancy's school has the most clubs and free time in the area.B Using as ... as1.The arts are as important as languages, Maths and Science in Nancy's school. (P27)在南希的学校里，艺术与语言、数学和科学一样重要。Nancy's school life is as wonderful as Tomoya's. (P27)南希的学校生活和托马耶的一样精彩。当我们要表示双方某方面(如年龄、身高等)程度相同吋,常用as ... as结构,表示"和……一样”。 as ... as属同级比较, 要注意被比较的双方必须是同类事物或人。在此结构中, 要使用形容词或副词原级。如:There is a garden at my school, and it is as beautiful as the garden at Laura's school.2.Nancy's school is not as big as Tomoya's. (P27) 南希的学校比托莫亚的学校规模小一些。Tomoya's summer holiday is not as long as Nancy's.托莫亚的暑假没有南希的那么长。当我们要表示双方某方面(如年龄、身高等)程度不同吋,常用not as ... as 结构,表示 “和……不一样”。not as ... as 属同级比较, 要注意被比较的双方必须是同类事物或人。在此结构中, 要使用形容词或副词原级。同义句转换：Nancy's school is not as big as Tomoya's. = Tomoya's school is bigger than Nancy's. = Nancy's school is smaller than Tomoya's.Tomoya's summer holiday is not as long as Nancy's.= Tomoya's summer holiday is shorter than Nancy's.= Nancy's summer holiday is longer than Tomoya's.3.My school is not as large as Laura's school. (P27) 我的学校比劳拉的学校规模小。=Laura's school is larger than my school.= My school is smaller than Laura's school.4.My school is not as old as her school. My school is only ten years old. (P27) 我的学校不如她的学校那么古老,我的学校只有10年的历史。My school is not as old as her school.= My school is newer than her school.= Her school is older than my school.5.This means that the teachers and students at her school are as hard-working as those at mine. (P27) 这意味着她学校里的老师和学生和我学校里的老师和学生一样勤奋。Our school library is as big as the one at Laura's school, but it still has thousands of books and lots of computers. (P27) 我们学校的图书馆和劳拉学校的一样大，但里面仍有成千上万的书籍和许多电脑。Our classes are not as big as the ones here, and we have fewer students in each class. (P29) 我们的班级规模比这里的班级要小，每个班级的学生人数也更少。为避免重复，常用one(s), that, those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。如：The weather here is better than that in Nanjing. //The windows of our classroom are cleaner than those of theirs.Word power---The suffixes -ish, -ian, -ese and –n(P28)1.Tomoya is Japanese.= Tomoya is from Japan. (P28)托莫亚是日本人=托莫亚来自日本。Japanese日本人; 日语// Japan日本;2.I go to an international school in Vietnam with students from all over the world. (P28)我在越南的一所国际学校上学，学校里有来自世界各地的学生。international adj.国际(化)的 3.I am from the USA so I speak English , but in my class, there are students from Vietnam, and they are teaching me to speak Vietnamese. (P28)我来自美国，所以我会说英语，但在我的班级里，有来自越南的学生，他们正在教我说越南语。Vietnam越南// Vietnamese越南语4.We also have students from Italy, and I am very lucky because they are teaching me to cook Italian food. (P28)我们还有来自意大利的学生，我很幸运，因为他们正在教我做意大利菜。Italy意大利// Italian意大利的5.There is also a Russian student from Moscow and a Chinese student from Beijing. (P28)此外还有来自莫斯科的俄罗斯学生和一位来自北京的中国学生。 Russian俄罗斯的; 俄语// Russia俄罗斯; Chinese中国的; 中文，汉语// China中国6.My best friend is a student from Canada. He speaks English, but some Canadians speak French. (P28)我最好的朋友是来自加拿大的一名学生。他会说英语，但有些加拿大人会说法语。Canada加拿大 // Canadian加拿大的; 加拿大人;7.This summer, I'm planning a vacation to Spain, so I can practice my Spanish. (P28)今年夏天,我计划去西班牙度假,以便练习西班牙语。I'm a member of the Tennis Club, and I love practising with my partner to win matches. (P31) 我是网球社团的成员，我喜欢和我的搭档一起练习，以赢得比赛。句中的practice在这里用作动词,是美式英语的拼写,英式英语里应为practise。英式英语与美式英语除了有些单词拼写有区别,可能还会用不同的单词表达同一个意思,如本单元有:vacation饼干Spain西班牙// Spanish西班牙语Integration---Making friends(P29-32)1.Here the students of the class have most of their lessons in their own classroom. (P29) 在这里，班级里的学生大部分课程都在各自的教室里进行。句中的单词most是“大部分、大多数”的意思，不是many/much的最高级。2.However, we usually go to different classrooms to have different lessons. (P29) 然而，我们通常会去不同的教室上课。句中第一个to是介词，后跟宾语；第二个to是动词不定式符号，作目的状语。3.They do not change classrooms as often as we do, so they share more time with their classmates and get to know each other better, but we get to know more students. (P29) 他们不像我们那样频繁地更换教室，所以他们有更多时间与同学相处，也能更好地了解彼此，但我们也结识了更多的同学。句中第一个more是much的比较级，修饰不可数名词time；第二个more是many的比较级，修饰可数名词复数students。4.We often need to borrow books from the library or search online to finish our homework. (P29)我们常常需要去图书馆借阅书籍或者在网上查找资料来完成作业。search vi. & vt.搜索;查找; finish vt. & vi. 完成，做好finish sth./doing sth. 如： Can you finish writing the article in an hour, Amy?5.For me, I'd say it's the school clubs. (P31) 对我来说，我认为是学校里的社团起了作用。"For me, I'd say it's…"“对我来说，我会说……”; 这种表达方式用于阐述个人对某一话题的看法。如：For me, I'd say it was becoming more and more important. For me, I'd say it can be hard to say the things.句子it's the school clubs作动词say的宾语，是宾语从句。6.We have many happy moments together. (P31) 我们一起度过了很多快乐的时光。moment n.片刻; 瞬间; 非常重要的时机; 准确时刻; 如：I'll be back in a moment. 我一会儿就回来。//OK, a moment, please.好的，请等一下。7.My days are never boring with so many friends. (P31) 有了这么多朋友，我的日子从来都不会无聊。boring adj. 没趣的，令人厌倦的 // bored adj. 感到厌烦的，无聊的; 如：Usually, the work is boring.这份工作通常很枯燥。I felt bored after listening to the boring report.8.I am writing to make some suggestions on how to improve some parts of our school life.(P32) 我写这封信是想就如何改善我们学校生活中的某些方面提出一些建议。suggestion n.建议(可数名词) many suggestions=much advice(不可数名词) suggest vt.建议；improve vt. & vi.改进，改善；如:My teacher gave me many useful suggestions on how to learn English well.9.First, I would like to suggest that our school should provide more sports facilities, so we can take part in different types of sports. (page 32, Part D2)首先,我想要建议我们学校提供更多体育设施,这样我们就能参与各种体育运动。(1)句中的 suggest 意思是“建议,提议”,常见的用法有suggest (sb.) doing sth. // suggest +that从句。// advise (sb.) to do sth. //suggestion n.建议；如:I suggest going there by plane.我建议乘飞机去那里。Someone suggested that we should go to that French restaurant.有人建议我们应该去那家法国餐厅。(2)短语take part in 意思是“参加”,常用于参加某个活动、比赛或会议;而join常指参加某个组织、团体等。如:We will not take part in this year's film festival.我们不参加今年的电影节活动。 I am going to join the Football Club.我将要加入足球俱乐部。(3) provide vt.提供provide sth. for sb.= provide sb. with sth.; 如:provide food and cover for wildlife = provide wildlife with food and cover(4) facility n.设施，设备 pl. facilities;10.Second, I think we should have more books in the library, because the library is a great place for us to enjoy reading and open our minds. (P32) 其次，我认为图书馆里应该有更多的书籍，因为图书馆是一个让我们享受阅读、开阔思维的好地方。句子we should have more books in the library是宾语从句，作动词think的宾语。more在这里是many的比较级，作定语修饰名词books。11.Moreover, we need more computers in the library so that it is easier for us to search online. (P32)此外，图书馆还需要更多的电脑，这样我们就能更方便地上网搜索了。more在这里是many的比较级，作定语修饰名词computers。so that意思是“以便；为了；因此”，相当于in order to/so as to。引导目的状语从句。如:I got up early so that I could catch the bus.我早起是为了赶上公共汽车。She studied hard so that she could get good grades.她努力学习是为了取得好成绩。拓展：so that…//so…that…so that引导目的状语从句，表示“以便；为了”，相当于in order to/so as to，常放于句中，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号。如:Please clear your toys off so that I can study.请把你的玩具清理一下以便我能学 习。Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. 说话说清楚,以便他们能够听得懂你的意思.He ran quickly so as to (=in order to)catch the last bus.他跑得很快以便赶上那末班车。so…that…中so是副词，常用来修饰形容词和副词原级，说明其程度的大小，that引导结果状语从句，常和too…to…结构互换。如:He has so few friends that his life is lonely.他的朋友很少，因此他的生活非常孤单。He is so old that he can’t see that tree clearly.=He is too old to see that tree clearly.他太老了以至于不能清晰地看到那棵树。it is easier for us to search online.是it is +adj. + for sb. to do sth.结构。之所以用easy比较级easier，是和原来拥有的电脑相比，电脑多了，上网搜索就更加方便。12.I hope you will find my suggestions useful and improve the school in some of these ways. (page 32, Part D2)我希望您会觉得我的建议有用,并且采纳其中一些方法来让学校变得更好。(1)本句I hope后接宾语从句,从句中有“find+宾语+宾语补足语"的结构。如: I found it easy to make cards.(2)句中的suggestion是suggest的名词形式,后面常接介词for、about。如:Can you make a suggestion about when to meet next time? 关于下次何时见面, 你能提点建议吗?