查漏知识专题07名词(思维导图+高频考点+必备知识+模拟新题+押题预测)(原卷版+解析)-2025年高考英语总复习(核心语法梳理)

这是一份查漏知识专题07名词(思维导图+高频考点+必备知识+模拟新题+押题预测)(原卷版+解析)-2025年高考英语总复习(核心语法梳理)，文件包含查漏知识专题07名词思维导图+高频考点+必备知识+模拟新题+押题预测原卷版-2025年高考英语总复习核心语法梳理docx、查漏知识专题07名词思维导图+高频考点+必备知识+模拟新题+押题预测解析版-2025年高考英语总复习核心语法梳理docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共28页， 欢迎下载使用。
目录
\l "_Tc192258402" 知识点：名词2
TOC \ "1-1" \h \z \u 【必记核心知识思维导图】名词核心知识思维导图2
【考情分析】2
【真题回顾】2
\l "_Tc192258402" 1：以名词为核心的词形转换3
\l "_Tc192258402" 2：考查名词复数3
\l "_Tc192258402" 3：考查名词所有格4
\l "_Tc192258402" 4：考查抽象名词具体化用法4
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力4
【模拟新题】精选模拟新题及时跟踪演练9
【押题预测】依据高考的命题思想，结合重点知识，深度预测高考试题
知识点：名词
一、以名词为核心的词形转换
1.（2025年1月·浙江卷）Tanya’s shp ffers fashin clthes fr wmen t rent rather than purchase them utright, prviding a less expensive 61 (slve) t ne-time event dressing.
2．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshuse stands as a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute which brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the 65 (rich) f gardening in England.
3．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Thse cultural elements have increased Stratfrd’s internatinal 62 (visible), said Edmndsn, adding that visitrs walking thrugh the Birthplace Garden were ften amazed t find the cnnectin between the tw great writers.
4.（2024年1月浙江高考真题）Many supermarkets are n lnger ding “buy ne get ne free” prmtins because f the 60 (criticize) that they lead t waste. Cnsumers prefer mney ff individual items.
5．(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) Since June 2017, right befre the 56 (arrive) f the tw new pandas, Meng Meng and Jia Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and cnfident speaking English.
6.（2022年6月浙江卷）Jhn Olsn, a frmer 58 (phtgraph)and his team turn paintings int fully textured 3D mdels.
二、考查名词复数
1.（2025年1月·浙江卷）As peple nw chse t wear mre clthes fewer 57 (time), clthing rental services have becme increasingly ppular.
2．（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）These plants included mdern Western 62 (favurite) such as rsemary, lavender and fennel.
3．（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷）Tang and Shakespeare were cntempraries and bth died in 1616. Althugh they culd never have met, there are cmmn 57 (theme)in their wrks, said Paul Edmndsn, head f research fr the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
4.（2024·北京卷）T practise this, we need t establish clear 14 (bundary) in ur persnal and prfessinal life.
三、考查名词所有格
1.（2025年1月·浙江卷） “I really want t make this wrk fr 64 (peple) lives tday, and I knw that desn’t always mean returning a dress n the Mnday after a special weekend,” she says.
2.（2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）“He saved my 64 (sn) life,” said Mrs. Brwn.
3.（2021·浙江卷）It is calculated by dividing a 58 (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 is cnsidered healthy.
四、考查抽象名词具体化用法
1.（2023·全国甲卷）The themes f traditinal fables ften deal with simple truths abut everyday life. Hwever, Carsn’s theme is a mre weighty 69 (warn) abut envirnmental destructin.
2.（2020·新课标Ⅱ卷）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.
有些表示表示抽象意义的名词，在具体的语境中表示具体的人、事物或活动。常考的有以tin结尾的抽象名词，failure，success等。例如：celebratin抽象意义：庆祝；具体意义：某种庆祝活动；failure抽象意义：失败；具体意义：失败的人或事；success抽象意义：成功；具体意义：成功的人或事。
1．形容词转化为名词后缀
①careless→ carelessness粗心大意helpless→ helplessness无助safe→ safeness安全性(易混：safety安全)
【注意】以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，变y为i再加-ness lnely→ lneliness孤独
②strng→ strength力气；强项true→ truth真实wide→ width宽度deep→ depth深度lng→ length长度yung→ yuth年轻人
【高频再现】
①absent→ absence缺席cnfident→ cnfidence自信心different→ difference不同evident→ evidence证据patient→ patience耐心
②bred→ bredm厌烦free→ freedm自由；自主wise→ wisdm明智；智慧
③difficult→ difficulty困难discver→ discvery发现deliver→delivery递送recver→recvery恢复；痊愈hnest→ hnesty诚实
④certain→ certainty必然的事cruel→ cruelty残酷；残暴safe→ safety安全
⑤able→ ability能力disable→ disability无能；残疾active→ activity活动real→ reality现实respnsible→ respnsibility责任 visible→visibility知名度
2．动词转化为名词后缀
①enter→ entrance进入exist→ existence存在；生存prefer→ preference偏爱refer→ reference参考；查阅differ→ difference不同②imagine→ imaginatin想象力starve→ starvatin挨饿ccupy→ ccupatin工作，职业；占领③cver→ cverage覆盖范围shrt→ shrtage不足；短缺marry→ marriage婚姻pack→ package包裹④serve→ servant仆人participate→ participant参加者assist→ assistant助手apply→ applicant申请人⑤clean→ cleaner清洁剂cntain→ cntainer容器ck→ cker炊具draw→ drawer抽屉dry→ drier干燥剂；干燥机sharpen→ sharpener铅笔刀shave→ shaver剃须刀thrill→ thriller惊悚小说/电影calculate→ calculatr计算器tract→ tractr拖拉机
【高频再现】
①apprve→apprval赞成；批准arrive→arrival到来；到达survive→survival幸存prpse→prpsal提议；建议refuse→refusal拒绝
②press→pressure压力mix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure离开；出发fail→failure失败please→pleasure愉快
③educate→educatin教育evaluate→evaluatin评估graduate→graduatin毕业
④equip→equipment设备emply→emplyment雇用treat→treatment对待；治疗
⑤emply→emplyee雇员interview→interviewee参加面试者train→trainee受训者；实习生escape→escapee逃亡者
3．名词转化为名词后缀
①histry→ histrian历史学家library→ librarian图书管理员
②cycle→ cyclist骑自行车的人
4.名词复数
1. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式
(1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加-s：bk→ bks, muth→ muths, huse→ huses, girl→ girls
(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es：glass→ glasses, bx→ bxes, match→ matches
(3)以辅音字母＋-y结尾的名词，变y为i再加-es；city→ cities, cuntry→ cuntries, party→ parties
(4) 【注意】以结尾的名词常在词尾加-s：radis, zs, pians, kils, phts；加-es的有以下词：heres, Negres, tmates, ptates。
(5) 【注意】以-f，-fe结尾的名词
①少数直接加-s：rf→ rfs，belief→ beliefs。
②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es：self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wlf, half。
2．名词在不定代词few, a few, ther, all, bth, many, several等后时，要想到用复数形式。
3．谓语动词为复数形式，要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。
4．【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数，如child→ children, man→ men, tth→ teeth, ft→ feet, wman→ wmen等。但human→ humans（准确记住不规则变化是二轮复习的重点，这样防止知识漏洞。）
5．有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等，如cngratulatins(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。
6．【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有：make friends with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparatins fr(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。
7．常考的不可数名词
(1)表物质的不可数名词：baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。
(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词：wrk(工作)、knwledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。
(3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词：advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、prgress(进步)、news/wrd(消息)等。（一定记牢）
8.名词单复数的形式比较复杂，注意掌握好以下的情况
(1)有些名词一般不用复数形式，但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别
fishes各种鱼；fruits各种水果；steels各种钢材
(2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义
snw雪, snws积雪; tw peple两个人，tw peples两个民族
(3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时，为物质名词，不可数
The cup is made f glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时，则为个体名词，可数；如I bught ten glasses this mrning. 作 “眼镜”解时，须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses
(4)paper一词作“纸”解时，不可数
write n paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时，则可数,如: hand in yur test papers
(5)物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。f之前的数量名词，要根据情况使用单数或复数形式
a cup f tea; fur pieces f bread; a cake f sap
(6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义
time(时间)→times( 时代，次，倍数) wrk(工作)→ wrks( 著作，工厂，工事)
air(空气) →airs( 气派，架子,姿态 ) lk(看)→lks(容貌)
custm(习惯) →custms(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息)
arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金)
glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) gd(利益)→ gds(货物)
cmpass(指南针)→cmpasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)
5.名词的所有格：
(1)有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。
(2)表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格。
(3)无生命的名词，借用f表示所属关系。
(4) 【注意】如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-'s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mther 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mthers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)
(5) 【注意】双重所有格：“a/tw/sme... ＋名词＋f＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“f＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。
a friend f her mther's 她妈妈的一个朋友
tw phts f hers 她的两张照片
6.抽象名词具体化
1.具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：
Yur cntributin will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
2.物质名词具体化
drink饮料→tw drinks 两杯饮料
cffee咖啡→a cffee一杯咖啡
chalk 粉笔→a chalk一支粉笔
hair头发→a hair一根头发
3.抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。
例如：Being able t affrd a drink wuld be a cmfrt in thse tugh times.
在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。
模拟新题
时间：10分钟 满分：15分 得分：_______
1.（2025·山西省临汾市高三第二次模拟）The utpuring f jy in China and arund the wrld at the repening f the Ntre-Dame de Paris Cathedral is 36 (prve) f the symblic strength and value that we attach t mnuments.
2.（2025·山西省临汾市高三第二次模拟）Fr a lng time nw, China has been aware f the 43 (significant) put n architectural inheritance.
3.（2025·陕西省汉中市高三质量检测二模）Alng with the exhibitin, the museum will hst a 44 (varius) f learning activities including an interactive wrkshp themed arund battle prints and paintings fr children t learn abut these unique multi-spatial narratives and t create and rle play their wn characters based n the exhibits.
4.（2025·河南省信阳高级中学高三下学期二模测试（一））Chinese 45 (peple) lve f nature and pursuit f harmnius cexistence are als embedded (根深蒂固的) within.
5.（2025·河南省信阳高级中学高三下学期二模测试（一））This enhances 38 (stable) and adds flexibility t the architecture.
6.（2025·河南省信阳高级中学高三下学期二模测试（一））The Hemudu site in Yuya dates back arund 7,000 years. Hundreds f wden cmpnents with sunma structures have been unearthed frm the 41 (remain) f huses there, the earliest knwn applicatin f sunma structures in China.
7.（2025·河北省秦皇岛市山海关区第二次模拟）Yang ften attends science ppulatin events, f which the missins are t light up children’s 44 (curius) and t stimulate them t explre science and the unknwn.
8.（2025·江西省十校协作体高三联考）These 64 (create) have gained natinwide ppularity, even exprted t cuntries such as the United States, France and many thers.
9.（2025·内蒙古赤峰市高三第二次模拟）Chen Junkun, ne f many crk carvers in Fuzhu, Fujian prvince, felt great 36 (excite)when he gt the news abut regulatins prtecting Fuzhu crk carving techniques.
10.（2025·四川雅安阶段练习）It’s all abut taking gd tea (leaf) and maybe adding sme pretty rsebuds t make it fancy.
12.（2025·甘肃期中）Beynd its rle as a ty, the (principle) behind the Luban lck’s interlcking structures have been extended int the field f architectural design.
13.（2025·湖北期中）“When I had a cld, my mm wuld make a cupping (拔火罐), a technique invlving placing cups n the skin t create suctin (吸力),” shared Halpyarvich, nw in her (thirty).
14.（2025·广东阶段练习）These wrkshps are part f an initiative t prvide lcal and hme-based emplyment fr physically challenged (wman), which was launched by the China Disabled Persns’ Federatin and the All-China Wmen’s Federatin.
15.（2025·云南昆明期中）When yu strll thrugh the shifting sand, smetimes yu can hear lud nises frm beneath yur (ft). This is hw the muntain gt its name — Mingsha, which means “Singing Sand” Muntain.
时间：10分钟 满分：25分 得分：_______
1．Cllege students hld a (graduate) ceremny t encurage themselves befre they set ff n their life jurney.
2． (minr) cultures shuld be respected s that the crss-cultural cnflict culd gradually be eliminated.
3．He learned the value and (beautiful) f nature there frm a very yung age.
4．In time, he gained (recgnize) as ne f the greatest artists China has ever knwn.
5．The (chief) f different tribes gathered tgether t discuss imprtant matters abut their lands and peple.
6．Seventy-ne different (varius) f trpical plants were intrduced int China last year.
7．Usually the public is admitted, but smetimes yu must make (arrange) in advance.
8．The (fluent) f his speech made him a great public speaker.
9． (pessimistic) see the wrld thrugh a lens f lss, understanding that even in the midst f gain, there is always the fear f lss lurking (潜伏) in the shadws.
10．Students learned many practical (apply) f their research they had cnducted in the classrm.
11．It is calculated by dividing a (persn) weight in kilgrams by the square f their height in meters.
12．After tw (day) hard wrk, they succeeded in cmpleting the prject.
13．Every (individual) stry adds depth t ur understanding f histry.
14．Owning a lvable, cuddly pet can unquestinably make ne’s hme life better and apparently, it can affect pet (wner) prfessinal lives as well.
15．Yu’ll hear these (participate) stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
16．These pems describe nt nly the histrical changes f a dynasty, but als (peple) understanding f the wrld.
17．Fr senir high schl students wh are busy preparing fr the cllege (enter) examinatin, Ne zha 2 ffers hpe by inspiring them t be like Ne zha, never give up, and strive fr their dreams.
18．Each week, participants will be asked t cmplete a tpic specific (reflect) task.
19．In China, fd (deliver) service is s ppular that yu can enjy varius kinds f meals in the cmfrt f yur wn hme.
20．The (cnstruct) wrk f the theatre is suppsed t be cmpleted within the year.
21.Chinese table tennis icn Ma Lng received the Outstanding Sprting Career Award frm the Assciatin f Natinal Olympic Cmmittees (ANOC) n Wednesday, recgnizing his exceptinal (achieve) and cntributins t the sprt.
22.The key t its speed, said t be tw percent faster than the Tky 2020 Olympics’ track, is a layer f hneycmb air cells that help t absrb and return the energyf a (runner) ft.
23.The rapid rise f the “TCM+fd” trend reflects (tday) grwing public attentin tward health,
24.Their styles may differ, but they all share the same rt. Chinese (peple) lve f nature and pursuit f harmnius cexistence are als embedded (根深蒂固的) within.
25.Perhaps the mst sad thing is that yu give a persn yu lve cuntless (pprtunity) t frgive him.
1.根据语境标志词判断是否转化成名词
(1)看到冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词时， 要想到名词；
(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词；
(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。
2. 根据空处词的位置，确定本词在句中的成分，作主语、宾语成分，可能填名词，表语也可能是名词。
后缀
例词
－age
shrt→shrtage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比
－cy
efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利
accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私
－dm
free→freedm自由 wise→wisdm明智；智慧
－ence
different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据
－ness
weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 thick→thickness厚度
kind→kindness仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意
－th
strng→strength力气；优势 warm→warmth温暖；热情
－y/－ty/－ity
difficult→difficulty困难 disable→disability缺陷；伤残
respnsible→respnsibility责任 hnest→hnesty诚实
后缀
例词
－in/
－tin/
－sin/
attract→attractin吸引力 celebrate→celebratin庆祝
cnclude→cnclusin结论；结束 discuss→discussin讨论；论述
decide→decisin决定 admit→admissin承认；准许加入
permit→permissin允许，许可 invite→invitatin邀请
explain→explanatin解释 expect→expectatin期望
－er/
－r
sail→sailr海员，水手 drive→driver司机；驾驶员
gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师
annunce→annuncer广播员 cnduct→cnductr指挥；售票员
－ment
punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就
argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗
equip →equipment装备；设备 gvern→gvernment政府
astnish→astnishment惊奇 develp→develpment发展
－ance/
－ence
appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导
perfrm→perfrmance表演；表现 exist→existence存在；生存
prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅
－ure/
-ture
fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力
depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
－ing
hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始
build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
－y
recver→recvery恢复 discver→discvery发现
后缀
例词
－ian/
－ist/
music→ musician音乐家plitics→ plitician政治家
science→ scientist科学家pian→ pianist钢琴家
单词
抽象名词意义
具体化名词意义
success
成功
成功的人或事
pleasure
乐趣
令人高兴的事
beauty
美；美丽
美丽的人或事物
cmfrt
安慰；慰藉
令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger
危险
危险的人或因素
delight
高兴
令人高兴的事
failure
失败
失败的人或事物
surprise
惊奇
令人惊奇的事情
shck
震惊
令人震惊的事情
pride
骄傲
令人骄傲的事情