四川省成都市2025届高三下学期3月第二次诊断性检测英语试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份四川省成都市2025届高三下学期3月第二次诊断性检测英语试题（Word版附解析），文件包含2025届四川省成都市高三下学期第二次高考适应性测试英语试题Word版含解析docx、2025届四川省成都市高三下学期第二次高考适应性测试英语试题Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共34页， 欢迎下载使用。
本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答题前，务必将自己的姓名、考籍号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
2. 答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
3. 答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。
4. 所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。
5. 考试结束后，只将答题卡交回。
第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What did the man enjy mst?
A. The strng fcus n painting. B. The teacher’s sense f humur. C. The variety f practice activities.
2. What d the speakers think f the cncert?
A. It’s t shrt. B. It’s t nisy. C. It’s t expensive.
3. What did the man see at the museum?
A. Planes. B. Trains. C. Cars.
4. Why des the man call?
A. T return a bk. B. T brrw a bk. C. T recmmend a bk.
5. What will the weather be like fr the race?
A. Sunny. B. Icy. C. Cludy.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why were mst f the audience schl students?
A. The play was n a wrkday.
B. The play was free fr students.
C. The play was intended fr students.
7. What surprised the wman abut the play?
A. The perfrmance level. B. The unusual ending. C. The audience’s age.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What des the man ask the wman t help him d?
A. Write a reprt. B. Prepare fr an interview. C. Fill ut a frm.
9. What des the wman think f the jb?
A. Flexible. B. Rewarding. C. Challenging.
10. What is the man prbably ging t d?
A. Start wrking right away. B. Take a break befre wrking. C. Lk fr a different psitin.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. A trip t Argentina. B. A recent earthquake. C. A news reprt abut Chile.
12. Where was the wman during the disater in Chile?
A. At hme in Argentina. B. In a small twn in Chile. C. Near the Chile-Argentina brder.
13. What did the wman d when the disater started?
A. She ran utside. B. She turned n the TV. C. She started getting dressed.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Why des the wman d Tai Chi?
A. T get relaxed after wrk. B. T try smething different. C. T recver energy quickly.
15. What des the wman think f yga?
A. She finds it relaxing. B. She thinks it’s difficult. C. She desn’t enjy it.
16. Hw des the wmen feel after ding Tai Chi?
A. Energetic. B. Calm. C. Tired.
17. What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A. Friends. B. Clleagues. C. Cach and trainee.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. In which year did Humbldt return frm his Latin American jurney?
A. 1799. B. 1804. C. 1859.
19. What did Humbldt study during his explratin f Latin America?
A. Ancient ruins. B. A river. C. Art and culture.
20. What is Humbldt best remembered fr?
A. Writing detailed travel jurnals.
B. Discvering new animal species.
C. Stating tw cntinents were linked.
第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
IN THIS ISSUE
Just sme f the wmen wh made this mag. . .
Lrraine McCall has spent mst f her adult life wrking in the utdrs industry. Her main lve is jurneying; past expeditins have included a cntinuus rund f the Munrs in 2005 and a 2000-mile tur f the Crbetts in 2014. Mst recently, she became the first persn t climb all the Grahams in a single jurney (she writes abut that recrd-breaking feat n page 42). Lrraine is based in the Scttish Highlands.
Lydia Paleschi is a freelance writer and authr wh finds fulfilment thrugh explring and writing abut travel and utdr adventure. She enjys encuraging thers t gain the mental and physical health benefits f mving their bdy surrunded by nature. Brn in Crnwall, she spends her time sailing, sea swimming and hiking bth at hme and afar. Read abut her ff-the-beaten-path adventures n Nepal’s Helambu Trek n page 52.
Elise Wrtley is an adventurer and writer n a missin t redefine what it means t be an explrer. Her nging prject — Wman with Altitude — highlights verlked wmen adventurers frm histry, wh achieved astnishing feats but remained less celebrated than their male cunterparts. On page 60, she writes abut her recent attempt t summit Mnt Blanc, Western Eurpe’s highest summit.
Sarah Jane Duglas (an award-winning authr, Crbetteer and prud Blue Peter badge hlder) has always been drawn t Sctland’s high places. When cancer struck with the same diagnsis that tk her mther, she just ignred medical advice t ‘stick t beach walks’ and instead tk t the muntains (find ut hw that wrked ut fr her n page 26). Her next prject is t finish writing a secnd bk, titled Summit Abut Sarah.
1. Which page carries a stry abut hw smene brke a recrd f muntain climbing?
A. Page 26.B. Page 42.
C. Page 52.D. Page 60.
2. Wh wrks t help the wmen climbers that deserve mre attentin?
A. Lrraine McCall.B. Sarah Jane Duglas.
C. Lydia Paleschi.D. Elise Wrtley.
3. What impresses peple mst abut Sarah Jane Duglas?
A. Her respnse t cancer.B. Her cncern abut her family.
C. The huge success she made.D. The plan she had fr the future.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四位女性的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Lrraine McCall部分中“Mst recently, she became the first persn t climb all the Grahams in a single jurney (she writes abut that recrd breaking feat n page 42).(最近，她成为了第一个在一次旅程中攀登完所有格雷厄姆山的人(她在第42页写了关于那次破纪录的壮举))”可知，第42页有关于某人打破登山纪录的故事。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Elise Wrtley部分中“Elise Wrtley is an adventurer and writer n a missin t redefine what it means t be an explrer. Her nging prject — Wman with Altitude — highlights verlked wmen adventurers frm histry, wh achieved astnishing feats but remained less celebrated than their male cunterparts.(伊莉斯·沃特利是一位冒险家和作家，她的使命是重新定义探险家的含义。她正在进行的项目——“高海拔女性”——突出了历史上被忽视的女性冒险家，她们取得了惊人的壮举，但却不如男性同行那样受到赞誉)”可知，伊莉斯·沃特利致力于帮助那些值得更多关注的女性登山者。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Sarah Jane Duglas部分中“When cancer struck with the same diagnsis that tk her mther, she just ignred medical advice t ‘stick t beach walks’ and instead tk t the muntains (find ut hw that wrked ut fr her n page 26).(当她被诊断出患有和夺走她母亲生命的相同癌症时，她无视了医生“坚持在海滩散步”的建议，而是选择了登山(在第26页了解她这样做的结果))”可知，莎拉·简·道格拉斯在确诊癌症后无视医生的建议，做了医生所说不能做的事情，所以她对癌症的反应最让人印象深刻。故选A项。
B
Writer Shan Xiahua was mediating with her pen in hand in a rm. Ma Jun was leaning back with a relaxed expressin n his face, explring the wrld f literature with his cellphne. In a shp, blind writer Zha Ling was listening t classic wrks with custmers while wrking... These scenes take place in Xiji cunty, a muntainus area in suthern Ningxia. It has wn the name Hmetwn f Literature.
Histrically speaking, the regin has deep rts in it. The Xihaigu area was nce a passage alng the Silk Rad, with active exchanges and diverse flk arts such as flk singing hua’er, strytelling and Qinqiang Opera, as well as events like blessing events during the Spring Festival. Fr thusands f years, diverse cultures have integrated with each ther, creating a unique humanistic atmsphere here, which influenced and guided peple brn and raised here t turn their thughts abut the land, natin, hmeland and themselves int wrds n the page.
Reality has always been a surce f inspiratin. Cnsidered as “ne f the mst unfit places fr human settlement” by the UN in the 1970s, Xihaigu nce had nthing but the pr land, drughts and a delicate eclgical envirnment. Peple living here had n chice but t suffer the hardships f life. It was literature that gave them strength.
Clean and tidy rads, public squares with well-equiped facilities, academies full f bks, factries with rderly prductin… Great changes have taken place in Xihaigu. In the past, pverty stpped peple frm writing as they struggled t feed themselves first. Nw, writing reflects their ambitins. Mre peple can create literary wrks. Here, the flwers f literature blm everywhere; here, literature is the land that grws the best crps.
4. Why are the scenes described in the first paragraph?
A. T shw writing is easy t master.
B. T describe the lcals’ lve fr writing.
C. T intrduce sme writers in Xiji cunty.
D. T cmpare the situatin in different times.
5. Which best describes the typical feature f Xihaigu area accrding t paragraph 2?
A Culturally rich.B. Scially unstable.
C. Histrically imprtant.D. Gegraphically diverse.
6. What did literature mean fr peple in Xiji cunty in the past?
A. The recrding f hardships.
B. Spiritual supprt.
C. The expressin f thankfulness.
D. Cnnectin with the utside.
7. What des this text mainly talk abut?
A. The pursuits f peple in Xiji cunty.
B. The cultural significance f Xiji cunty.
C. The pwer f literature fr peple in Xiji cunty.
D. Peple’s understanding f literature in Xiji cunty.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宁夏南部山区西吉县被称为“文学之乡”，讲述了其文学底蕴，过去文学给予人们力量，如今人们用写作展现抱负。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Writer Shan Xiahua was mediating with her pen in hand in a rm. Ma Jun was leaning back with a relaxed expressin n his face, explring the wrld f literature with his cellphne. In a shp, blind writer Zha Ling was listening t classic wrks with custmers while wrking... (作家单小花手持笔在房间里沉思。马军一脸轻松地向后靠着，用手机探索文学世界。在一家商店里，盲人作家赵玲一边工作一边和顾客一起听经典作品……)”和“These scenes take place in Xiji cunty, a muntainus area in suthern Ningxia. It has wn the name Hmetwn f Literature.(这些场景发生在宁夏南部的山区西吉县。它赢得了“文学之乡”的称号)”可知，描述这些场景是为体现西吉县不同身份的人都沉浸在与文学相关的活动中，即描述当地人对文学作品的热爱。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Xihaigu area was nce a passage alng the Silk Rad, with active exchanges and diverse flk arts such as flk singing hua’er, strytelling and Qinqiang Opera, as well as events like blessing events during the Spring Festival. Fr thusands f years, diverse cultures have integrated with each ther, creating a unique humanistic atmsphere here (西海固地区曾是丝绸之路的一段通道，交流活跃，有花儿民歌、说书、秦腔等多样的民间艺术，还有春节祈福等活动。几千年来，多元文化相互融合，在这里营造了独特的人文氛围)”可知，西海固地区的典型特征是文化丰富。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Cnsidered as ‘ne f the mst unfit places fr human settlement’ by the UN in the 1970s, Xihaigu nce had nthing but the pr land, drughts and a delicate eclgical envirnment. Peple living here had n chice but t suffer the hardships f life. It was literature that gave them strength. (20世纪70年代，联合国将西海固地区列为‘最不适合人类居住的地方之一’，这里曾经只有贫瘠的土地、干旱和脆弱的生态环境。生活在这里的人们别无选择，只能忍受生活的艰辛。是文学给了他们力量)”可知，过去文学对西吉县的人来说是精神支持。故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“It was literature that gave them strength. (是文学给了他们力量)”和第四段中“Nw, writing reflects their ambitins. Mre peple can create literary wrks. Here, the flwers f literature blm everywhere; here, literature is the land that grws the best crps. (现在，写作反映了他们的抱负。更多的人可以创作文学作品。在这里，文学之花遍地开放；在这里，文学是孕育最好成果的土壤)”可知，文章主要强调了文学过去给予了西吉县人们力量、现在助力西吉县人们实现抱负，即介绍了文学赋予西吉县人们的力量。故选C项。
C
A hney bee’s life depends n it successfully harvesting frm flwers t make hney. Deciding which flwer is mst likely t ffer nectar (花蜜) is incredibly difficult. In new research published recently, ur team reprts hw bees make these cmplex decisins.
We challenged bees with a field f artificial flwers, each f which ffered a tiny drp f sugar syrup. Different-clred “flwers” varied in their likelihd f ffering sugar. We put tiny, harmless paint marks n the back f each bee, and filmed every visit a bee made t the flwer array. We then used cmputer visin and machine learning t autmatically draw and study the rute n which bees flew thrugh. Frm this infrmatin, we fund bees very quickly learned t identify the mst rewarding flwers. They quickly assessed whether t accept r reject a flwer, but surprisingly they made crrect decisins within 0.6 secnds while incrrect decisins tk them 1.2 secnds n average.
The results and what we expected are ples apart. Usually in animals, an accurate decisin takes lnger than an inaccurate decisin. This is called the speed-accuracy trade ff, which happens because determining whether a decisin is right r wrng usually depends n hw much evidence we have t make that decisin. Mre evidence means a mre accurate decisin, but gathering evidence takes time. S accurate decisins are usually slw and inaccurate decisins are faster. But bees nly accepted a flwer if, at a glance, they were sure it was rewarding. If they had any uncertainty, they rejected it. They might have missed sme rewarding flwers, but they successfully fcused their effrts nly n the flwers with the best chance and best evidence f prviding them with sugar.
The nly ther animals knwn t beat the speed-accuracy tradeff are humans and primates. It’s indeed amazing that bees seemed t be breaking this bundary.
8. Hw did researchers get the result f the experiment?
A. By bserving bees in the wild.
B. By analyzing bees’ flight paths.
C. By testing bees in different clrs.
D. By cmparing bees’ fd preference.
9. What did the research find abut bees?
A. They culd tell artificial flwers immediately.
B. They perfrmed better in certain clred flwers.
C. They made right chices faster than the wrng nes.
D. They made mre crrect decisins than ther species.
10. What des the underlined phrase “ples apart” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Cntrary.B. Reasnable.
C. Essential.D. Cnfusing.
11. Why d bees beat the speed-accuracy tradeff?
A. They ignre uncertainties.
B. They gather evidence very fast.
C. They stay n the right track while flying.
D. They adpt a special decisin-making mechanism.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究团队通过用人工花对蜜蜂进行实验，研究蜜蜂如何做出采蜜决策，发现蜜蜂打破了速度-准确性权衡这一现象。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“We then used cmputer visin and machine learning t autmatically draw and study the rute n which bees flew thrugh. Frm this infrmatin, we fund bees very quickly learned t identify the mst rewarding flwers. (然后，我们使用计算机视觉和机器学习自动绘制并研究蜜蜂飞行的路线。从这些信息中，我们发现蜜蜂很快就学会了识别最有价值的花朵。)”可知，研究人员是通过分析蜜蜂的飞行路径来获取实验结果的。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“They quickly assessed whether t accept r reject a flwer, but surprisingly they made crrect decisins within 0.6 secnds while incrrect decisins tk them 1.2 secnds n average. (它们迅速评估是否接受或拒绝一朵花，但令人惊讶的是，它们在0.6秒内做出正确的决定，而错误的决定平均需要1.2秒。)”可知，研究发现蜜蜂做出正确选择的速度比做出错误选择的速度要快。故选C项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Frm this infrmatin, we fund bees very quickly learned t identify the mst rewarding flwers. They quickly assessed whether t accept r reject a flwer, but surprisingly they made crrect decisins within 0.6 secnds while incrrect decisins tk them 1.2 secnds n average. (从这些信息中，我们发现蜜蜂很快就学会了识别最有价值的花朵。它们迅速评估是否接受或拒绝一朵花，但令人惊讶的是，它们在0.6秒内做出正确的决定，而不正确的决定平均需要1.2秒。)”和第三段中“Usually in animals, an accurate decisin takes lnger than an inaccurate decisin. This is called the speed-accuracy trade ff, which happens because determining whether a decisin is right r wrng usually depends n hw much evidence we have t make that decisin. Mre evidence means a mre accurate decisin, but gathering evidence takes time. S accurate decisins are usually slw and inaccurate decisins are faster. (通常在动物中，准确的决策比不准确的决策花费的时间更长。这被称为速度-准确性权衡，之所以会这样，是因为判断一个决策是否正确通常取决于我们做出该决策所拥有的证据量。更多的证据意味着更准确的决策，但收集证据需要时间。所以准确的决策通常较慢，而不准确的决策则较快。)”可知，通常在动物中，准确的决策比不准确的决策花费的时间更长，但蜜蜂的情况相反，它们做出正确的决定的时间更短。所以“The results and what we expected are ples apart.”表示结果和我们预期的完全相反，“ples apart”意思是“相反的”，与“Cntrary”意思相近。故选A项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“But bees nly accepted a flwer if, at a glance, they were sure it was rewarding. If they had any uncertainty, they rejected it. They might have missed sme rewarding flwers, but they successfully fcused their effrts nly n the flwers with the best chance and best evidence f prviding them with sugar. (但蜜蜂只有在一眼就确定一朵花有价值时才会接受它。如果它们有任何不确定，就会拒绝它。它们可能错过了一些有价值花朵，但它们成功地将精力只集中在最有可能、最有证据能为它们提供糖分的花朵上。)”可知，蜜蜂采用了一种特殊的决策机制，即只接受一眼确定有价值的花，有不确定就拒绝，这使得它们打破了速度-准确性权衡。故选D项。
D
A quiet revlutin is happening in autnmus systems freeing us frm the burdens f labr and giving us mre cntrl ver ur lives. A rbtaxis can give yu a smth ride t wherever yu need t g while a humanid rbt can handle chres at hme.
Undubtedly, instead f spending time driving, r flding laundry, we can engage in intellectual, artistic, and scial pursuits that were previusly unimaginable. We can learn new languages, develp new skills, r cnnect mre deeply with lved nes. We are clse t a future where the freedm t create and explre is n lnger limited by the demands f daily life.
Hwever, undeniable cnvenience as these autnmus systems ffer, there’s smething special abut the tasks they aim t replace. Learning t drive, r even flding laundry is nt just chres but the very fabric f ur human experience. The first time yu gt behind the wheel f a car gave yu a mment f grwth and independence. Flding laundry can be a quiet, reflective mment—a reminder that life is made up f simple rhythms.
Here lies the cntradictin: Autnmy isn’t just abut freedm frm wrk but cntrl. As we hand ver mre cntrl t machines, we are lsing sme f ur wn.
Take Tesla’s Full Self-Driving (FSD) system, fr example. Despite the incredible cnvenience and safety it ffers, we need t reflect n what we might be leaving behind as we mve clser t this reality. Fr many, driving is mre than just a means f getting frm ne destinatin t anther—it’s an experience abut freedm and cntrl. The sensry cnnectin t the rad, and even the jy f mastering the art f driving are elements that technlgy might replace, but nt necessarily reprduce.
True human autnmy is nt just abut handing ver daily tasks t machines. It’s abut the chice t engage in thse tasks when we want t. The simple act f driving a car, r cleaning a hme is mre than just a functin; it’s an expressin f ur humanity. Perhaps that’s the real challenge in frnt f us as autnmus systems becme mre integrated int ur lives; hw t use these machines t enhance ur freedm withut lsing the very expressin f ur humanity.
12. What d autnmus systems prbably enable us t get?
A. Greater abilities t handle chres.
B. Higher intellectual ambitins.
C. Mre pprtunities t develp creativity.
D. A free future f living withut limits.
13. What des paragraph 3 mainly fcus n?
A. The value f rutine experiences.
B. The freedm thrugh technlgy.
C. The reflectins n persnal grwth.
D. The rm fr imprving autnmus systems.
14. Why des the authr mentin “Tesla’s FSD system”?
A. T demnstrate the jy f driving.
B. T argue against the freedm frm wrk.
C. T give an example f technlgical cnvenience.
D. T stress the lss f cntrl and human experience.
15. What message des the authr mainly cnvey?
A. Technlgy serves as a helping hand.
B. Freedm isn’t what technlgy ffers us.
C. The future f autnmus systems is in ur hands.
D. There are cnflicts between innvatin and autnmy.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了自主系统（如自动驾驶汽车和人形机器人）在带来生活便利的同时，也引发了关于人类自主性、控制权以及人性表达的思考。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Undubtedly, instead f spending time driving, r flding laundry, we can engage in intellectual, artistic, and scial pursuits that were previusly unimaginable. We can learn new languages, develp new skills, r cnnect mre deeply with lved nes. We are clse t a future where the freedm t create and explre is n lnger limited by the demands f daily life.(毫无疑问，与其花时间开车或叠衣服，我们可以从事以前无法想象的智力、艺术和社交活动。我们可以学习新的语言，发展新的技能，或者与所爱的人建立更深入的联系。我们正在接近这样一个未来：创造和探索的自由不再受到日常生活需求的限制)”可知，自主系统能让我们得到有更多的机会来发展创造力。故选C项。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Hwever, undeniable cnvenience as these autnmus systems ffer, there’s smething special abut the tasks they aim t replace. Learning t drive, r even flding laundry is nt just chres but the very fabric f ur human experience. The first time yu gt behind the wheel f a car gave yu a mment f grwth and independence. Flding laundry can be a quiet, reflective mment—a reminder that life is made up f simple rhythms.(然而，尽管这些自主系统提供了不可否认的便利，但它们旨在取代的任务有一些特别之处。学开车，甚至叠衣服都不仅仅是家务，而是我们人类经历的基本组成部分。你第一次开车给了你一个成长和独立的时刻。叠衣服可以是一个安静、沉思的时刻——提醒你生活是由简单的节奏组成的)”可知，本段的重点是日常经验的价值。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Take Tesla’s Full Self-Driving (FSD) system, fr example. Despite the incredible cnvenience and safety it ffers, we need t reflect n what we might be leaving behind as we mve clser t this reality. Fr many, driving is mre than just a means f getting frm ne destinatin t anther—it’s an experience abut freedm and cntrl. The sensry cnnectin t the rad, and even the jy f mastering the art f driving are elements that technlgy might replace, but nt necessarily reprduce.(以特斯拉的全自动驾驶（FSD）系统为例。尽管它提供了令人难以置信的便利和安全，但我们需要反思一下，随着我们越来越接近这一现实，我们可能会留下什么。对许多人来说，驾驶不仅仅是一种从一个目的地到达另一个目的地的方式——它是一种关于自由和控制的体验。与道路的感官联系，甚至是掌握驾驶艺术的乐趣，都是技术可能取代的元素，但不一定能复制)”可知，作者提到“Tesla’s FSD system”是为了强调控制权的丧失和人性经验的缺失。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“True human autnmy is nt just abut handing ver daily tasks t machines. It’s abut the chice t engage in thse tasks when we want t. The simple act f driving a car, r cleaning a hme is mre than just a functin; it’s an expressin f ur humanity. Perhaps that’s the real challenge in frnt f us as autnmus systems becme mre integrated int ur lives; hw t use these machines t enhance ur freedm withut lsing the very expressin f ur humanity.(真正的人类自主并不仅仅是把日常任务交给机器。当我们想做这些事情的时候，我们可以选择去做。开车或打扫房间这样简单的行为不仅仅是一种功能；这是我们人性的表现。也许这才是我们面临的真正挑战，因为自动系统越来越融入我们的生活；如何使用这些机器来增强我们的自由，同时又不失去我们人性的表达)”可知，作者主要传达了创新和自主之间存在冲突。故选D项。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Whether things g right r wrng, feedback is always necessary. ____16____ Hwever, prviding effective feedback is nt easy, as it typically requires several cmpnents. Nw let’s examine each f them.
Start n a psitive nte. Cnstructive criticism shuld always start n a psitive nte. It feels unfair and rude if smene tells yu everything yu did wrng withut acknwledging yur achievements. S when giving feedback, dn’t just nte the mistakes the receivers have made. ____17____
Be specific. Effective feedback needs t be specific. Infrm the receivers precisely what aspects require imprvement s they can identify and address thse areas. Fr example, dn’t say, “Yur presentatin was unclear. ” Instead, say smething like, “The intrductin f yur presentatin was a bit cnfusing. ____18____ ” This way, the receiver knws exactly what t cncentrate n and can make mre targeted imprvements.
____19____ The whle pint f feedback is t help smene make changes fr the better. S yu shuld prvide ideas n hw t imprve. It’s crucial, hwever, t ensure that yur ideas are actinable. Fr instance, “Yu need t wrk n yur cmmunicatin skills” sunds t general. It wuld be much better if yu say, “Try practicing active listening and summarizing what thers say t ensure yu understand them fully. ”
Be timely. ____20____ It nly wrks if it happens very clse t an issue arising. Fr example, say yu’re with a cwrker and ntice smething in the sales pitch he is wrking n. Instead f waiting fr him t run int prblems, prvide the feedback right away. This gives the receiver the chance t make changes and avid prblems.
A. Offer practical advice.
B. Fcus n making changes.
C. It helps us learn frm ur mistakes and grw.
D. It lacks a clear tpic sentence at the beginning.
E. Feedback isn’t f much use if it cmes t late.
F. The feedback acknwledges the hard wrk the persn did.
G. Instead, begin by recgnizing their effrt and what they gt right.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. D 19. A 20. E
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。主要说明了提供有效反馈的几个关键要素，包括以积极的方式开始、具体明确、提供实用的建议以及及时反馈。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Whether things g right r wrng, feedback is always necessary.(无论事情是对是错，反馈总是必要的)”以及后文“Hwever, prviding effective feedback is nt easy, as it typically requires several cmpnents.(然而，提供有效的反馈并不容易，因为它通常需要几个组件)”可知，前文提到反馈是必要的，后文讲述有效的反馈并不容易，所以空处应填过渡句，C项“It helps us learn frm ur mistakes and grw.(它帮助我们从错误中学习和成长)”可知，承接上文，并和后文构成转折关系，符合文意。故选C项。
【17题详解】
设空位于段尾，应是对前文的总结，根据前文“Start n a psitive nte. Cnstructive criticism shuld always start n a psitive nte. It feels unfair and rude if smene tells yu everything yu did wrng withut acknwledging yur achievements. S when giving feedback, dn’t just nte the mistakes the receivers have made.(以积极的态度开始。建设性的批评应该总是以积极的语气开始。如果有人告诉你你做错了什么而不承认你的成就，你会觉得不公平和粗鲁。所以在给予反馈时，不要只注意到接受者所犯的错误)”可知，本段讲述反馈时，用积极的态度进行反馈，不要只注意到接受者所犯的错误，所以G项“Instead, begin by recgnizing their effrt and what they gt right.(相反，从承认他们的努力和他们做对了什么开始)”和前文构成转折关系，是对前文的总结，符合文意。故选G项。
【18题详解】
设空位于引号内，应是承接前文内容，根据前文“Be specific. Effective feedback needs t be specific. Infrm the receivers precisely what aspects require imprvement s they can identify and address thse areas. Fr example, dn’t say, “Yur presentatin was unclear. ” Instead, say smething like, “The intrductin f yur presentatin was a bit cnfusing.”(要具体。有效的反馈必须是具体的。准确地告知接收者哪些方面需要改进，以便他们能够识别和解决这些领域。例如，不要说，“你的演讲很不清楚。”相反，你可以这样说：“你的介绍有点令人困惑”)”可知，D项“It lacks a clear tpic sentence at the beginning.(开头缺少一个清晰的主题句)”符合本段主题，是对他人问题的具体反馈，说明演讲的具体问题。故选D项。
【19题详解】
设空位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“The whle pint f feedback is t help smene make changes fr the better. S yu shuld prvide ideas n hw t imprve. It’s crucial, hwever, t ensure that yur ideas are actinable. Fr instance, “Yu need t wrk n yur cmmunicatin skills” sunds t general. It wuld be much better if yu say, “Try practicing active listening and summarizing what thers say t ensure yu understand them fully. ”(反馈的全部意义在于帮助别人做出更好的改变。所以你应该提供如何改进的想法。然而，确保你的想法是可行的是至关重要的。例如，“你需要提高你的沟通技巧”听起来太笼统了。如果你说：“试着练习积极倾听和总结别人说的话，以确保你完全理解他们。”)”可知，本段讲述反馈应提供实用的建议。A项“提供实用的建议”符合语境，故选A项。
【20题详解】
根据前文“Be timely.(要及时)”可知，本段讲述反馈需及时，所以E项“Feedback isn’t f much use if it cmes t late.(如果反馈来得太晚，它就没有多大用处)”是对前文的解释，符合文意。故选E项。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I grew up in Pacific Palisades, ne f the Ls Angeles neighbrhds burned dwn by the wildfires. As a small twn, it was a ____21____ place since everyne gt n well.
But tday, it has been ____22____ the map. Nw I’m standing n a street where my favrite restaurant, Cafe Vida, nce std. It is ____23____. Clsing my eyes, I culd list dzens f places that are ____24____ f my childhd and are n lnger here.
Fires were a part f my childhd and there was always the ____25____ f them. But never had I ____26____ that there wuld be such a (n) ____27____. And yet, that is what ____28____ happened.
While I am ____29____ the wildfires, my friends are texting, asking me t ______30______ if their hmes are still standing. As a jurnalist, n matter what events I’m reprting, I lve cnnecting with ther peple. This way, I feel smething ______31______ abut being here, in a place I knw s well, using the tls that I’ve learned n this jb t help ______32______ this stry. But it is als very emtinal, because yu dn’t truly ______33______ the twn in the mment. In a way, ding this jb is part f my ______34______ experience fr the Palisades.
This is abut peple right nw. Everything is gne, but we’re still here and we still have each ther, and that’s what ______35______ is ging t be all abut.
21. A. ppularB. specialC. suitableD. lvely
22. A. hidden frmB. stuck tC. wiped ffD. added t
23. A. ldB. gneC. strangeD. lively
24. A. memriesB. dreamsC. pitiesD. remains
25. A. disappintmentB. fearC. delightD. relief
26. A. rememberedB. imaginedC. admittedD. reminded
27. A. encunterB. campaignC. accidentD. disaster
28. A. exactlyB. eventuallyC. suddenlyD. usually
29. A. investigatingB. fightingC. cveringD. watching
30. A. checkB. guessC. determineD. tell
31. A. beautifulB. hpefulC. frighteningD. annying
32. A. witnessB. shareC. makeD. change
33. A. understandB. prtectC. recrdD. access
34. A. wrryingB. awkwardC. painfulD. bring
35. A. giving inB. sitting backC. hlding nD. mving frward
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者回忆了被野火烧毁的家乡，表达了对童年记忆的怀念和对灾难的感慨，同时强调了人们团结前行的意义。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个小镇，这是一个可爱的地方，因为每个人都相处得很好。A. ppular受欢迎的；B. special特别的；C. suitable合适的；D. lvely可爱的。根据后文“since everyne gt n well”可知，人们相处融洽，说明小镇氛围和谐美好，是个可爱的地方。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但如今，它已从地图上被抹去。A. hidden frm隐藏；B. stuck t坚持；C. wiped ff抹去；D. added t增加。前文提到“I grew up in Pacific Palisades, ne f the Ls Angeles neighbrhds burned dwn by the wildfires”，小镇被野火摧毁，意味着它在现实中已面目全非，如同从地图上被抹去。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它不见了。A. ld旧的；B. gne消失的；C. strange奇怪的；D. lively活泼的。由前文“Nw I’m standing n a street where my favrite restaurant, Cafe Vida, nce std”可知，作者站在曾经餐厅所在的街道，说明餐厅现在已不存在，消失了。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：闭上眼睛，我能列出几十处承载着我童年回忆、如今却已不复存在的地方。A. memries回忆；B. dreams梦想；C. pities遗憾；D. remains遗迹。前文描述作者对小镇曾经场景的怀念，结合“my childhd”可知，这些地方是作者童年生活的一部分，代表着童年回忆。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：火灾是我童年的一部分，人们总是对它们心怀恐惧。A. disappintment失望；B. fear恐惧；C. delight高兴；D. relief宽慰。因为“Fires were a part f my childhd”且野火具有破坏性，会带来损失，所以人们自然会对火灾感到恐惧。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我从未想象过会发生这样一场灾难。A. remembered记得；B. imagined想象；C. admitted承认；D. reminded提醒。后文描述了野火造成小镇被烧毁的严重后果，这种程度的灾难是作者之前没有预想和想象到的。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我从未想象过会发生这样一场灾难。A. encunter遭遇；B. campaign运动；C. accident事故；D. disaster灾难。结合前文提到小镇被野火“burned dwn”，可知，这是一场严重的灾难。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：而这正是确切发生的事情。A. exactly确切地；B. eventually最终；C. suddenly突然；D. usually通常。根据前文“I grew up in Pacific Palisades, ne f the Ls Angeles neighbrhds burned dwn by the wildfires.”可知，灾难是确切地发生了。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在报道野火事件时，我的朋友们在发短信，让我查看他们的家是否还在。A. investigating调查；B. fighting战斗；C. cvering报道；D. watching观看。后文“As a jurnalist”表明作者的职业，记者的工作就是对事件进行报道，所以这里是在报道野火事件。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在报道野火事件时，我的朋友们在发短信，让我查看他们的家是否还在。A. check查看；B. guess猜测；C. determine决定；D. tell告诉。根据后文“if their hmes are still standing”可知，朋友们想知道自己家的情况，所以让身处现场报道的作者去查看。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这样，我在这里，在一个我如此熟悉的地方，用我在这份工作中学到的工具来分享这个故事，我感受到了一种美好的东西。A. beautiful美好的；B. hpeful有希望的；C. frightening可怕的；D. annying烦人的。作者利用自己的职业技能，在熟悉的家乡为大家分享故事，这种行为和情感体验让作者觉得美好。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样，我在这里，在一个我如此熟悉的地方，用我在这份工作中学到的工具来分享这个故事。A. witness见证；B. share分享；C. make制作；D. change改变。根据前文“As a jurnalist, n matter what events I’m reprting”可知，作者作为记者，其职责就是将野火事件的情况通过自己的报道分享给大家。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这也很情绪化，因为在那一刻你并没有真正进入这个小镇的状态。A. understand理解；B. prtect保护；C. recrd记录；D. access进入。前文描述作者在报道时既有工作的理性又有对家乡的情感，说明此时作者还没有完全进入面对家乡灾难那种感同身受的状态。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从某种程度上说，做这份工作是我对帕利塞兹痛苦经历的一部分。A. wrrying令人担心的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. painful痛苦的；D. bring无聊的。前文提到家乡被野火摧毁，作者对那些熟悉地方的消失感到痛心，所以这是一段痛苦的经历。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一切都没了，但我们还在这里，我们还有彼此，这就是未来要走的路。A. giving in屈服；B. sitting back袖手旁观；C. hlding n坚持；D. mving frward向前迈进。根据前文“Everything is gne, but we’re still here and we still have each ther”可知，虽然遭受灾难，但人们要振作起来，携手向前，继续生活。故选D项。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Taping Qiang Village is well knwn as the “mysterius eastern castle” because f its typical Qiang-style architecture ____36____ its cmplicated rad structure.
The Taping Watchtwers f different heights and shapes stand in the village. The architectural cmplex is the ____37____ (cmbine) f stne twers and huses. They were cnstructed with earth, stnes, hemp and wd, sme f ____38____ were cnstructed nly with earth and wd. The ____39____ (slid) built twers and huses are still in gd cnditin after many earthquakes.
There are alleyways (小巷) between the walls f the huses in the village. ____40____ sme huses built ver thse alleyways, mre alleyways have appeared, ____41____ (make) the whle alleyway structure mre cmplicated. Walking in the alleyways, peple feel ____42____ (they) transcending (超越) time and space.
It’s amazing that the Taping Watchtwers ____43____ (build) withut any drawings, measurements and calculatins then, yet they are well-structured, slid and unique. The watchtwers are a wnder frm the histry f wrld architecture which attract a number f turists frm hme and abrad ____44____ (admire) them.
Under the earth, there are many water channels cvered by earth and stnes. There are sme _____45_____ (mve) stnes which have been placed at certain distances, which help peple t get water easily. The cnvenient and secret water channels serve as a water-net that reaches every watchtwer, prviding a large living space fr the villagers, especially during wartime.
【答案】36. and
37. cmbinatin
38. which 39. slidly
40. With 41. making
42. themselves
43. were built
44. t admire
45. mvable
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了桃坪羌寨被称为“神秘东方古堡”的原因。
【36题详解】
考查连词。句意：桃坪羌寨因其典型的羌式建筑和复杂的道路结构而被誉为“神秘的东方古堡”。“typical Qiang style architecture”和“its cmplicated rad structure”是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：该建筑群是石塔和房屋的结合体。结合定冠词the和空后f可知，空处应填名词，动词cmbine的名词形式是cmbinatin，意为“结合体，联合体”，作表语。故填cmbinatin。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它们是用土、石头、大麻和木材建造的，其中一些仅用土和木材建造。“sme f ____3____ were cnstructed nly with earth and wd”是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“earth, stnes, hemp and wd”，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作介词f宾语，用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：这些建造坚固的塔楼和房屋在多次地震后仍状况良好。提示词修饰动词built，应用副词slidly作状语，意为“ 坚固地”。故填slidly。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：由于一些房屋建在那些小巷上方，更多的小巷出现了，使整个小巷结构更加复杂。根据句意，“____5____ sme huses built ver thse alleyways”作原因状语，结合动词“built”的形式可知，这不是一个完整的句子，可处理为with复合结构作原因状语，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”；句首单词首字母大写。故填With。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：由于一些房屋建在那些小巷上方，更多的小巷出现了，使整个小巷结构更加复杂。“____6____ (make) the whle alleyway structure mre cmplicated”在句中作结果状语，make(使)是非谓语动词，与前面整个句子存在逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填making。
【42题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：走在小巷里，人们感觉自己超越了时间和空间。主语是peple，提示词作宾语，与主语指同一对象，即“人们感觉自己……”，应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
【43题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：令人惊奇的是，桃坪瞭望塔当时是在没有任何图纸、测量和计算的情况下建造的，但它们结构合理、坚固且独特。build(建造)是谓语，与主语The Taping Watchtwers之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语“then”可知，讲述过去的事情应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，be动词用were。故填were built。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：瞭望塔是世界建筑史上的奇迹，吸引了许多来自国内外的游客来欣赏它们。“(admire) them”是游客来到此地的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填t admire。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：有一些可移动的石头被放置在一定的距离处，这有助于人们轻松取水。提示词修饰名词stnes，用形容词mvable作定语，意为“可移动的”。故填mvable。
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 上周，你参加了校学生会组织的环保作品展。请给校英语报写一篇短文介绍此活动，内容包括：
1. 活动过程；
2. 个人感受。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Last week, I tk part in an envirnmental prtectin wrks exhibitin rganized by the schl student unin.
At the exhibitin, there were varius wrks, such as paintings, handicrafts and psters, all shwing different envirnmental prtectin ideas. Students walked arund, admiring and discussing these wrks. What’s mre, sme students actively shared the inspiratin behind their wrks, which further deepened everyne’s understanding f envirnmental prtectin.
This activity really impressed me. It nt nly raised my awareness f envirnmental prtectin but als let me see the creativity f my schlmates. I hpe there will be mre such meaningful activities.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生介绍参加校学生会组织的环保作品展的活动过程以及个人感受。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
参加：take part in → participate in
各种各样的：varius → diverse/a variety f
此外：what’s mre → besides/in additin
提高：raise → enhance
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Last week I tk part in an envirnmental prtectin wrks exhibitin rganized by the schl student unin.
拓展句：Last week, I tk part in an envirnmental prtectin wrks exhibitin, which was rganized by the schl student unin.
【点睛】[高分句型 1] Students walked arund, admiring and discussing these wrks.(运用了现在分词作伴随状语)
[高分句型 2] What’s mre, sme students actively shared the inspiratin behind their wrks, which further deepened everyne’s understanding f envirnmental prtectin. (运用了关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型 3] It nt nly raised my awareness f envirnmental prtectin but als let me see the creativity f my schlmates. (运用了nt als...并列结构)
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mrs. Grady welcmed her class back inside the warm cheerful rm. The children settled dwn at their desks, still chatting abut the activities they had enjyed ver the winter break. It tk a few minutes fr Mrs. Grady t get their full attentin.
“I’m s glad yu’re all back. I’m sure yu’re well rested and ready t get back t wrk!” she smiled. The children made faces, but mst f them were happy t be back at schl with their friends after tw weeks ff. “Since it’s the start f a new year, we’ll talk a little bit abut smething peple d this time f year. It’s called making reslutins. Des anyne knw what that means?” Mrs. Grady asked. The teacher’s eyes fcused like lasers n the bys still chatting. They immediately stpped and lked dwn at their fingernails t avid her stare.
Olivia raised her hand. “I knw. It’s when yu decide t d smething different fr the new year. ” Olivia always seemed t have the answers. Mrs. Grady ndded. “Yes, that’s clse. It desn’t have t be at the beginning f the year, but a reslutin is a decisin t make sme kind f change and stick t it.”
Several hands sht up in the air. Suggestins such as eating mre vegetables, eating less candy, and drinking lts f water were ffered. Mrs. Grady agreed they were gd chices t make fr a healthy reslutin. “But the reslutin we make is a bigger idea. And nw, I wuld like all f yu t take a few minutes t think abut what kind f reslutin yu culd make this year, and a few ways yu wuld be able t achieve it.” the teacher suggested.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Olivia thught abut it.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Olivia tk ut her wrkbk and started writing.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Olivia thught abut it. She sat there, her chin resting n her hand, deep in thught. She cnsidered all the suggestins her classmates had made, but she wanted t cme up with smething truly unique. Suddenly, an idea ppped int her head. She decided that her reslutin wuld be t help thse in need. She knew there were many peple in the cmmunity wh were less frtunate, and she wanted t make a difference. She thught f ways she culd achieve this, like vlunteering at the lcal sup kitchen r rganizing a dnatin drive fr the hmeless shelter.
Olivia tk ut her wrkbk and started writing. She jtted dwn her reslutin clearly at the tp f the page: ‌“T help thse in need thrughut the year.” Then she listed the specific actins she wuld take. She planned t visit the sup kitchen every mnth t serve meals and talk t the peple there. Fr the dnatin drive, she wuld set a date in a few weeks and make psters t encurage her classmates and neighbrs t cntribute. As she wrte, she felt a sense f excitement and determinatin. She was lking frward t making a psitive impact in the new year with her reslutin.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Mrs. Grady在新学期伊始向学生介绍新年决心的含义，并让大家思考自己的新年决心及实现方式。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Olivia开始思考这件事。”可知，第一段可描写Olivia经过思考，决定将帮助有需要的人作为自己的新年决心，并想出了实现该决心的办法。
②由第二段首句内容“Olivia拿出练习本开始写。”可知，第二段可描写Olivia将决心和具体行动写下来，她感到兴奋和充满决心，期待产生积极影响。
2. 续写线索：Olivia思考决心——决定帮助他人——想出实现办法——Olivia写下决心和行动——期待产生影响
3. 词汇激活：
行为类
①考虑： accunt
②写下：jt dwn/write dwn
③帮助：help/assist
④鼓励：encurage/inspire
情绪类
①兴奋：excitement/thrill
②幸运的：frtunate/lucky
【点睛】[高分句型1] She sat there, her chin resting n her hand, deep in thught.(运用了“名词+现在分词”的独立主格结构)
[高分句型2] She knew there were many peple in the cmmunity wh were less frtunate, and she wanted t make a difference.(运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句作knew的宾语以及wh引导的定语从句)
[高分句型3] As she wrte, she felt a sense f excitement and determinatin.(运用了as引导的时间状语从句)