陕西省2024届高三英语下学期三模试题含解析

这是一份陕西省2024届高三英语下学期三模试题含解析，共36页。
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where is Mr Baker nw prbably?
A. At hme. B. At a restaurant. C. At a travel agency.
2. What will the speakers mst prbably d next?
A G t the infrmatin desk.
B. Lk fr a partner.
C. Get n the train.
3. Why is the man ging t Singapre?
A. T have a business trip. B. T take a hliday. C. T see Ann.
4. Hw d men greet wmen in Brazil?
A. By hugging lightly. B. By tapping each ther. C. By giving a kiss.
5. What are the speakers talking abut?
A. Envirnmental pllutin. B. Lcal authrities. C. An agreement.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What des the man invite the wmen t d?
A. Play vlleyball. B. G climbing. C. Attend a party.
7. When will the wman watch a musical?
A. On Wednesday. B. On Tuesday C. On Mnday.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the man busy ding?
A. Giving classes t children. B. Writing a lab reprt. C. Raising mney.
9. Wh might be able t help the man this week?
A. Mike B. Jim C. Jane.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Hw des the man feel nw?
A. Disappinted. B. Anxius. C. Angry.
11. What is the man nw?
A. A cmputer engineer B. An army fficer. C. A cllege student.
12. What des the wman seem t suggest the man d?
A. Learn t repair cars.
B. Reject the jb ffer.
C. Ask his uncle fr advice.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Hw much pcket mney des the wman get a mnth?
A. 20 punds. B. 15 punds. C. 5 punds.
14. Why des the wman want mre pcket mney?
A. T get as much as her friends.
B T pay fr music things.
C. T buy sme clthes.
15. What des the wman’s mum care mst abut her?
A. Her husewrk ability B. Her schlwrk. C. Her clthes.
16. What des the man advise the wman t d?
A. Sit dwn and wait calmly.
B. Help her mum with husewrk.
C. Have a discussin with her mum.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where did Carrey put n his first live perfrmance?
A. In Trnt. B. In New Yrk. C. In Ls Angeles.
18. When did Carrey begin t play the lead in an American TV shw?
A. In 1962. B. In 1977. C. In 1990.
19. Why was Carrey’s character in the American TV shw drpped?
A. His act might be bad fr children.
B. He culdn’t make the audience laugh.
C. He was t yung.
20. What was Carrey’s first imprtant film?
A. Ace Ventura: Pet Detective. B. Batman Frever. C. The mask.
第二部分语法与词汇知识(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. _______ the temperature might drp, cal was prepared fr warming.
A. T cnsiderB. CnsideredC. CnsideringD. T be cnsidered
2. The engineers made tw big plans fr the dam, ______ was never put in frce.
A. ne f themB. which
C. ne f whichD. every ne f which
3. The little girl culdn’t wrk the prblem ut. She wasn’t ______ clever.
A. thatB. muchC. enughD. t
4. The plice have ____ pwer t deal with such matters by ____ law．
A. the; theB. 不填；不填
C. 不填；theD. the；不填
5. The students spent as much time getting trained as they ______ studying.
A. dislikedB. wereC. hadD. did
6. Mre than ne the peple heart and sul.
A. fficial has servedB. fficials have served
C. fficial has served frD. fficials have served fr
7. The president std by a windw inside the rm, ______, lking ver the square.
A. where I enteredB. int which I entered
C. which I enteredD. that I entered
8. A terrible earthquake happened in that district at the end f 2004, ______ many cuntries in the wrld paid clse attentin t this.
A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what
9. __________ has recently been dne t prvide mre buses fr peple, a shrtage f public vehicles remains a serius prblem.
A. ThatB. WhatC. Thugh whatD. In spite f what
10. $ 1,000 a mnth culd hardly ____ the cst f his life in such a big city in this cuntry.
A. spendB. takeC. cverD. meet
第三部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
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Grace Helbig shared her tips t becming a grwn-up. The bk is full f persnal stries f Helbig, her struggles and the lessns she learnt frm failing many times. This bk is yur n-the-g fun read with pictures and drawings f Helbig, and wrksheets (作记录) t practice.
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Life can be hard, especially when it cmes t relatinships with thers. In the bk, Strayed gives advice n lve and life. She writes abut different subjects: a sn rejected by his parents, a mther wh has lst her child. And the message hidden thrughut all her advice is always that, if yu want a gd life, yu have t create it.
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11. Hw much will yu save at least if yu buy three f the listed bks?
A. $5.68.B. $6.24.C. $8.95.D. $9.10.
12. What is special fr the bk Grace’s Guide?
A. It is abut hw t grw up healthily.
B. It is mainly abut hw t wrk better.
C. It is based n its authr’s life experience.
D. It teaches readers t learn frm thers’ life stries.
13. Which bk shuld yu chse fr smene wh is bad at getting alng with thers?
A. Grace’s Guide.B. Tiny Beautiful Things.
C. The Ttal Mney Makever.D. The Oh she Glws Ckbk.
B
When yu think f a map, is nrth n the tp r the bttm? Usually, maps are designed with nrth n tp,thugh when we think abut it, there is n lgical reasn fr this bias. After all, there is n up r dwn in space. S what is wrng with suth, east r west being n the tp f the map? The answer is:nthing at all. In fact, nrth-up maps nly became the nrm in the last few hundred years.
Ancient Egyptian maps had suth at the tp because the Nile River flws dwnhill frm muntains in the suth t the Mediterranean Sea in the nrth. Mecca was t the suth f mst early Muslim civilizatins, and suth-up maps were designed s that viewers wuld lk up t see Mecca. Medieval Christian maps had east at the tp, as they believed the Garden f Eden was in the east. The nly early maps that had nrth at the tp were thse f early China because the emperr lived in the nrth.
Nrth seems t have settled at the tp f maps during the 16th century, largely thanks t a Flemish mapmaker, Mercatr. Mercatr was a great admirer f an early Greek mapmaker, wh, fr reasns nw unknwn, put nrth at the tp f maps, s Mercatr did, t. When Mercatr s wrld map became the standard map t navigate the ceans, nrth up became standard as well.
What is the implicatin f this nrth-view f the wrld? Psychlgically peple tend t think f up as gd and dwn as bad. Just think f wrds and phrases like “upmarket”，“upbeat” and “mving up in the wrld", and hw they cntrast with their ppsites. Because nrth is s cnsistently put at the tp f maps, peple nw think f nrth as gd, t.
Several attempts have been made in recent years by intrducing suth-up maps t the market. These maps nt nly give us a chance t see the wrld differently, but als give everyne the chance t see themselves n tp.
14. What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. Nrth-up maps were rare in ancient times.
B. Deciding up r dwn in space is ridiculus.
C. Mecca maps were based n a legend.
D. The suth-up map first appeared in ancient Egypt.
15. Why is nrth assciated with gd?
A. An illgical reasn.
B. The spread f Mercatr' s maps.
C. Peple's preference fr up.
D. An age-ld traditin in Greece.
16. What is the authrs attitude t suth-up maps?
A. Cautius.B. Supprtive.C. Uncaring.D. Disapprving.
17. What's the main purpse f the text?
A. T explain a phenmenn.
B. T cmpare varius facts.
C. T crrect a cultural bias.
D. T argue fr a viewpint.
C
The nine wman f Bella Mnd win ver yet anther audience. The grup is ne f just a handful f all-wmen ensembles (乐队) in Ivry Cast.
It all started in 2007. Prisca Allu was a music student. A music prducer came t see her. He said he wanted t make an all-female ensemble t keep a prmise t his late mther.
Allu gt n bard and was charged with recruiting (招募) ther members. “It wasn’t easy at first. Sme parents were against it. Yu knw, in Africa, the place f wmen is ften seen as being either in an ffice r at hme. That was the fixed image.” Allu spread the wrd and tk ut ads in lcal papers. Mst f the girls she fund were nt prfessinal players. “I just played sme tamtam. I learned t play drums when I jined Bella Mnd.” The girls spent the next fur years learning t play their instruments. Many gave up alng the way, but eight f them sldiered n with Allu, and Bella Mnd was funded.
The band plays riginal sngs and cvers. Their music spans a wide range f styles: funk, reggae, pp music. They released their first album in 2013... and have perfrmed in Paris, Dakar, Ctnu and, f curse, here at hme in Abidjan.
Yu can see them nearly every Thursday at this bar, the same place that gave the band its start years ag. “Oh yes, I was surprised at first. A wman singing, yu see that every day, but an entire band, playing all the instruments and everything? It was extrardinary. I was dumbstruck. Bella Mnd is a great band.”
The wmen are nw wrking n their secnd album.
18. Why did the music prducer want t frm a female ensemble?
A. T spnsr music students.B. T cmfrt his mther.
C. T carry ut his prmise.D. T win ver an audience.
19. Which f the fllwing made it hard fr Allu t recruit band members?
A. The band charged t much.
B. A number f parents didn’t supprt it.
C. Mst wmen prefer t wrk in a gvernment ffice.
D. African wmen are nt allwed t leave their hmes.
20. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. What Allu experienced.
B. Hw Bella Mnd was brn.
C. Why mst girls gave up halfway.
D. Hw the girls learned t play instruments.
21. What des the underlined wrd “dumbstruck” prbably mean in paragraph 5?
A. Astnished.B. Amused.C. Determined.D. Satisfied.
D
If humans were truly at hme under the light f the mn and stars, we wuld g in darkness happily, the midnight wrld as visible t us as it is t the vast number f ncturnal (夜间活动) species n this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted t living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evlutinary fact, even thugh mst f us dn’t think f urselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the nly way t explain what we’ve dne t the night: We’ve engineered it t receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits f this kind f engineering cme with cnsequences — called light pllutin — whse effects scientists are nly nw beginning t study. Light pllutin is largely the result f bad lighting design, which allws artificial light t shine utward and upward int the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes ut the darkness f night and cmpletely changes the light levels — and light rhythms — t which many frms f life, including urselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills int the natural wrld, sme aspect f life is affected.
In mst cities the sky lks as thugh it has been emptied f stars, leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrrs ur fear f the dark. We’ve grwn s used t this range haze that the riginal glry f an unlit night — dark enugh fr the planet Venus t thrw shadws n Earth — is whlly beynd ur experience, beynd memry almst.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unccupied cuntry, when nthing culd be further frm the truth. Amng mammals alne, the number f ncturnal species is astnishing. Light is a pwerful bilgical frce, and n many species it acts as a magnet. The effect is s pwerful that scientists speak f sngbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights n land r by the light frm gas flares n marine il platfrms. Migrating at night, birds tend t cllide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frgs living near brightly lit highways suffer ncturnal light levels that are as much as a millin times brighter than nrmal, thrwing nearly every aspect f their behavir ut f jint, including their nighttime breeding chruses. Humans are n less trapped by light pllutin than the frgs. Like mst ther creatures, we d need darkness. Darkness is as essential t ur bilgical welfare, t ur internal clckwrk, as light itself.
Living in a glare f ur wn making, we have cut urselves ff frm ur evlutinary and cultural heritage — the light f the stars and the rhythms f day and night. In a very real sense, light pllutin causes us t lse sight f ur true place in the universe, t frget the scale f ur being, which is best measured against the dimensins f a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge f ur galaxy — arching verhead.
22. Accrding t the passage, human beings .
A. prefer t live in the darkness
B. are used t living in the day light
C. were curius abut the midnight wrld
D. had t stay at hme with the light f the mn
23. What des the underlined wrd “it” (Paragraph 1) mst prbably refer t?
A. The night.B. The mn.C. The sky.D. The planet.
24. The writer mentins birds and frgs t .
A. prvide examples f animal prtectin.
B. shw hw light pllutin affects animals.
C. cmpare the living habits f bth species.
D. explain why the number f certain species has declined.
25. What might be the best title fr the passage?
A. The Magic Light.B. The Orange Haze.
C. The Disappearing Night.D. The Rhythms f Nature.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Time fr a Brainstrm
A brainstrm is a sessin where a small grup f peple cme tgether t slve a prblem. Peple vice spntaneus ideas, smetimes just shuting, and a nte-taker writes them all dwn.___26___By getting different ideas ut there, ideas are said t bunce ff each ther and even can help slve the prblem at hand. Brainstrming is ften a grup exercise but individuals can als cnduct persnal brainstrms.
___27___He defined it as using the brain t strm a creative prblem and d s in cmmand (突击队）fashin, with each strmer attacking the same bjective. Accrding t him,, it was easier t tne dwn a wild idea than think up a new ne. He placed imprtance n the cllectin f as many ideas as pssible and dismissed scientific thinking.
Brainstrming has becme ne f the mst ppular ways t slve prblems and hld discussin in schls and businesses. Many students brainstrm fr a grup assignment r even fr a persnal essay. Sarah Grace, 24, is an Australian marketing analyst and uses brainstrming during all her creative duties. She thinks brainstrming is the best way t wrk as a team. The sessins get everyne n the same page, everyne mving tgether and with a clear understanding abut the fundatins f an event r idea.___28___.
Hwever, a big prblem with brainstrming is creating a mess that leads peple further away frm a slutin. ___29___ If yu dn’t have a strng mderatr r leader f the brainstrm, can g really ff track, and peple just start discussing smething ttally different. Brainstrming can smetimes cnfuse the human brain.___30___ If yu brainstrm t much and yur page is filled up with all the messy links, yu can paint yurself int a bit f cmer and get trapped with ideas.
Yu need t mve past brainstrming as sn as yu have smething wrkable.
A. The ideas can be smart, strange r crazy.
B. It is caused by a lack f directin frm a leader.
C. Brainstrming really helps her rganize her thughts.
D. Brainstrming really is the best way t build team spirit.
E. It can pen t many drs and nt suggest a clear directin.
F. Brainstrms were ppularized in the 1940s by American advertising bss Alex Osbrn.
G. They can be wrds; phrases, paragraphs and anything that can help answer the questin.
第四部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Apple has annunced a plan t becme carbn neutral（碳中和）by 2030. This new cmmitment ___31___ that by 2030, every Apple prduct sld will have net zer climate ___32___ .
"Business have a great ___33___ t help build a mre psitive ___34___ ," said Tim Ck, Apple's CEO. “The innvatins（创新）pwering ur envirnmental jurney are nt nly ___35___ fr the planet—they've ___36___ us t make ur prducts mre energy-efficient and bring new surces f ___37___ energy. Climate actin can bring a ___38___ age f innvative technlgy, jb creatin, and lng-lasting ecnmic ___39___ . With ur cmmitment t carbn neutrality, we hpe mre and mre cmpanies will ___40___ us and create a much larger ___41___ .”
Apple's 2020 Envirnmental Prgress Reprt has annunced it plans t ___42___ emissins（排放物）by 75% by 2030. The cmpany's 10-year climate radmap will lwer emissins by cntinuing t increase the ___43___ f lw-carbn and recycled ___44___ in its prducts, innvate its prduct recycling, and ___45___ prducts t be as energy-efficient as pssible.
Apple and 10 f its suppliers in China are spending nearly $300 millin ___46___ prjects t prduce1 billin watts f renewable energy, which has generated（激发）cmmitments frm ver 70 suppliers t use 100% renewable energy. Once cmpleted, these cmmitments will ___47___ ver 14.3 millin metric tns f CO2 emissins each year. Apple als ___48___ t help prtect frests and ecsystems in Kenya and Clmbia, in partnership with Cnservatin Internatinal.
The cmpany's cmplete plan and hw it measures its carbn ftprint can be ___49___ in its Envirnmental Prgress Reprt. ___50___ n its supplier cmmitments can als be fund there.
31. A. imaginesB. dubtsC. prvesD. means
32. A. prtectinB. pllutinC. cntrlD. deal
33. A. rightB. needC. pprtunityD. plan
34. A. futureB. habitC. relatinshipD. market
35. A. slwB. gdC. easyD. risky
36. A. helpedB. fllwedC. allwedD. trained
37. A. traditinalB. freeC. additinalD. clean
38. A. tughB. lngC. newD. similar
39. A. slwdwnB. uncertaintyC. grwthD. demand
40. A. leadB. jinC. visitD. questin
41. A. quantityB. brandC. partD. change
42. A. reduceB. imprveC. keepD. quicken
43. A. useB. shareC. sizeD. price
44. A. wastesB. tlsC. systemsD. materials
45. A. preferB. designC. shwD. cnsider
46. A. savingB. findingC. develpingD. chsing
47. A. measureB. avidC. increaseD. achieve
48 A. regrettedB. failedC. prmisedD. remembered
49. A. crrectedB. cmpletedC. appliedD. seen
50. A. PrgressB. DestructinC. StrugglesD. Cnfidence
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sme time after 10,000 BC, peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived ___51___ , thrugh agriculture. Over thusands f years, they began t depend less n ___52___ culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
Farming prduced mre fd per persn ___53___ hunting and gathering, s peple were able t raise mre children. And，as mre children were brn, mre fd ___54___(need). Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy ___55___(change) lives.
By abut 6000 BC，peple ___56___ (discver)the best crps t grw and animals t raise. Later，they learned t wrk with the ___57___ (seasn)，planting at the right time and, in dry areas, ___58___ (make) use f annual flds t irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
This style f farming lasted fr quite a lng time. Then，with ___59___ rise f science, changes began. New methds _____60_____ (mean) that fewer peple wrked in farming. In the last century r s, these changes have accelerated. New pwer machinery and artificial fertilizers (化肥) have nw ttally transfrmed a way f life that started in the Stne Age.
第五部分写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
61. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I grew up in a small twn abut a hur utside f Chicag. There were nly a handful f lcal shps and cafes, and everyne knw their neighbrs as there were nly twenty thusands peple in the whle twn! My parents used t let my brther and me walking t and frm the kindergarten every day, and we were allwed t d whichever we liked befre dark. The nly thing we had t wrry abut was getting bite by insects r getting sunburned frm staying utdr fr t lng! After high schl, I went t cllege in the city. Taking the subway was much faster than riding my bike. Peple frm all ver the wrld spke languages I never heard befre. There were huge department stres, where sld everything. The entertainment at all hurs was my mst favrite thing abut the city.
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
62. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友 Emily 来信说她非常喜欢中国民族舞，并打算今年暑假来中国学习民族舞，她想请你帮她推荐一位舞蹈老师。请你根据以下要点给她回一封电子邮件：
1.介绍你推荐的老师；
2.推荐该老师的原因；
3.祝她拜师成功。
注意：1.词数 100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
听力答案：1-5 BCACA 6-10 BACBB 11-15 CBACB 16-20CACAA西安中学高2024届高三模拟考试(三)
英语学科
(满分：150分时间：120分钟)
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where is Mr Baker nw prbably?
A. At hme. B. At a restaurant. C. At a travel agency.
2. What will the speakers mst prbably d next?
A. G t the infrmatin desk.
B. Lk fr a partner.
C. Get n the train.
3. Why is the man ging t Singapre?
A. T have a business trip. B. T take a hliday. C. T see Ann.
4. Hw d men greet wmen in Brazil?
A. By hugging lightly. B. By tapping each ther. C. By giving a kiss.
5. What are the speakers talking abut?
A. Envirnmental pllutin. B. Lcal authrities. C. An agreement.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What des the man invite the wmen t d?
A. Play vlleyball. B. G climbing. C. Attend a party.
7. When will the wman watch a musical?
A. On Wednesday. B. On Tuesday C. On Mnday.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the man busy ding?
A. Giving classes t children. B. Writing a lab reprt. C. Raising mney.
9. Wh might be able t help the man this week?
A. Mike B. Jim C. Jane.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Hw des the man feel nw?
A. Disappinted. B. Anxius. C. Angry.
11. What is the man nw?
A. A cmputer engineer B. An army fficer. C. A cllege student.
12. What des the wman seem t suggest the man d?
A. Learn t repair cars.
B. Reject the jb ffer.
C. Ask his uncle fr advice.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Hw much pcket mney des the wman get a mnth?
A. 20 punds. B. 15 punds. C. 5 punds.
14. Why des the wman want mre pcket mney?
A. T get as much as her friends.
B. T pay fr music things.
C. T buy sme clthes.
15. What des the wman’s mum care mst abut her?
A. Her husewrk ability B. Her schlwrk. C. Her clthes.
16. What des the man advise the wman t d?
A. Sit dwn and wait calmly.
B. Help her mum with husewrk.
C. Have a discussin with her mum.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where did Carrey put n his first live perfrmance?
A. In Trnt. B. In New Yrk. C. In Ls Angeles.
18. When did Carrey begin t play the lead in an American TV shw?
A. In 1962. B. In 1977. C. In 1990.
19. Why was Carrey’s character in the American TV shw drpped?
A. His act might be bad fr children.
B. He culdn’t make the audience laugh.
C. He was t yung.
20. What was Carrey’s first imprtant film?
A. Ace Ventura: Pet Detective. B. Batman Frever. C. The mask.
第二部分语法与词汇知识(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. _______ the temperature might drp, cal was prepared fr warming.
A. T cnsiderB. CnsideredC. CnsideringD. T be cnsidered
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：考虑到温度可能下降，煤炭已经准备好供暖了。分析句子可知，此处用连词cnsidering，意为“就……而言，考虑到”。故选C项。
2. The engineers made tw big plans fr the dam, ______ was never put in frce.
A. ne f themB. which
Cne f whichD. every ne f which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：工程师们为大坝制定了两个大计划，其中一个从未付诸实施。分析句子可知，句中无连词，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，排除A项，先行词是“plans”，从句中的“was”表明从句主语表示单数意义，排除B项，关系词在从句中作介词f的宾语，应用ne f which引导，every用于三者及三者以上，排除D项。故选C。
3. The little girl culdn’t wrk the prblem ut. She wasn’t ______ clever.
A. thatB. muchC. enughD. t
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个小女孩解不出这道题。她没那么聪明。A. that那样，那么；B. much非常；C. enugh相当，很；D. t太。由“The little girl culdn’t wrk the prblem ut”可知，句子表示“这个小女孩解不出这道题。她没那么聪明”，空格处意为“那么”，用that，故选A。
4. The plice have ____ pwer t deal with such matters by ____ law．
A. the; theB. 不填；不填
C. 不填；theD. the；不填
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：警察有依据法律处理这样的事情的权力。第一空特指处理这样的事件的权力。填the，第二空是固定词组by law根据法律；所以不填，故选D项。
5. The students spent as much time getting trained as they ______ studying.
A. dislikedB. wereC. hadD. did
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和助动词。句意：学生们花在训练上的时间和学习上的时间一样多。A. disliked不喜欢；B. were是；C. had有，过去完成时中助动词；D. did做，一般过去时中助动词。句子表示“学生们花在训练上的时间和学习上的时间一样多”，空格处意为“花费”，由前面的spent可知，空格处也本应用spent，为了避免重复，可用did代替前面的动作。故选D。
6. Mre than ne the peple heart and sul.
A. fficial has servedB. fficials have served
C. fficial has served frD. fficials have served fr
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：不止一个官员全心全意为人民服务。mre than ne + 单数名词，“不止一个……”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。固定搭配serve the peple (为人民服务)。故选A。
7. The president std by a windw inside the rm, ______, lking ver the square.
A. where I enteredB. int which I entered
C. which I enteredD. that I entered
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我走进去时，总统站在房间的一扇窗旁，俯瞰着广场。分析句子可知，空处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是rm，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导，动词enter是及物动词，后接宾语时无需加介词int，故选C。
8. A terrible earthquake happened in that district at the end f 2004, ______ many cuntries in the wrld paid clse attentin t this.
A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：2004年底，那个地区发生了一场可怕的地震，引起了世界各国的高度关注。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词at the end f 2004是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when，故选B。
9. __________ has recently been dne t prvide mre buses fr peple, a shrtage f public vehicles remains a serius prblem.
A. ThatB. WhatC. Thugh whatD. In spite f what
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语和宾语从句。句意：尽管最近采取了措施为人们提供更多的公共汽车，但公共汽车短缺仍然是一个严重的问题。分析句子结构可知，“prvide mre buses”和“a shrtage f public vehicles”形成转折关系，排除A项和B项；C项中的thugh为从属连词，直接引导让步状语从句，排除C项；D项中in spite f意为“尽管”，f后面为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，需用连接代词what引导。故选D。
10. $ 1,000 a mnth culd hardly ____ the cst f his life in such a big city in this cuntry.
A. spendB. takeC. cverD. meet
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个国家的这个大城市里，1000美元一个月几乎不够他的生活费。A. spend花费；B. take占用；C. cver足够支付；D. meet与……相符、满足。根据“$ 1,000”和“the cst f his life”可知，此处用cver指钱够用。故C正确。
考点：考查动词辨析
点评：对于动词的词义辨析要在上下文中进行辨析，注意一词多义现象。
第三部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Independence is smething that can be difficult t achieve. But dn’t wrry because here we have fur bks that can help yu. If yu dn’t buy less than three f them, yu’ll be given a 20% discunt!
The Ttal Mney Makever by Dave Ramsey
Taking care f yur finance is hard. Dave Ramsey, a famus businessman, is here t take yu n the whle prcess f planning yur finance, and shw the myths f cash advances and debt cnslidatin (债务重整), t make sure yur finance is healthy.
Price: $14.49
Grace’s Guide by Grace Helbig
Grace Helbig shared her tips t becming a grwn-up. The bk is full f persnal stries f Helbig, her struggles and the lessns she learnt frm failing many times. This bk is yur n-the-g fun read with pictures and drawings f Helbig, and wrksheets (作记录) t practice.
Price: $7.95
The Oh She Glws Ckbk by Angela Liddn
Having suffered frm eating disrder and living n diet, Angela Liddn prmised t eat healthily frever. She threw ut her fat-free butter spray (黄油喷雾) and lw-calrie frzen dinners after learning hw t prperly ck. This bk cntains mre than 100 recipes (食谱) cvering breakfast, salads, sups, pwer snacks and the main dishes fr a healthy meal at any time f the day. We all knw that healthy eating is all part f being independent.
Price: $22.22
Tiny Beautiful Things by Cheryl Strayed
Life can be hard, especially when it cmes t relatinships with thers. In the bk, Strayed gives advice n lve and life. She writes abut different subjects: a sn rejected by his parents, a mther wh has lst her child. And the message hidden thrughut all her advice is always that, if yu want a gd life, yu have t create it.
Price: $8.76
11. Hw much will yu save at least if yu buy three f the listed bks?
A. $5.68.B. $6.24.C. $8.95.D. $9.10.
12. What is special fr the bk Grace’s Guide?
A. It is abut hw t grw up healthily.
B. It is mainly abut hw t wrk better.
C. It is based n its authr’s life experience.
D. It teaches readers t learn frm thers’ life stries.
13. Which bk shuld yu chse fr smene wh is bad at getting alng with thers?
A. Grace’s Guide.B. Tiny Beautiful Things.
C. The Ttal Mney Makever.D. The Oh she Glws Ckbk.
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四本书，可以在如何独立方面帮助你。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的If yu dn’t buy less than three f them, yu’ll be given a 20% discunt!如果你买至少3本书以上，就会得到20%的折扣，如果你买了三本书，至少能省（14.49+7.95+8.76）*0.2=6.24，至少能省$6.24。故选B。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据Grace’s Guide by Grace Helbig部分的The bk is full f persnal stries f Helbig这本书充满了Helbig的个人故事，由此可知，《格雷斯指南》这本书的特别之处是基于作者的生活经历。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tiny Beautiful Things by Cheryl Strayed部分的Life can be hard, especially when it cmes t relatinships with thers.生活可能会很艰难，尤其是当涉及到与他人的关系时。由此可知，对于不善于与人相处的人，你应该选择Tiny Beautiful Things这本书，故选B。
【点睛】同义转写，是高中英语阅读理解的文章和选项的表达手段。如第2小题应抓住题干中的“authr’s life experience”和原文中的“persnal stries”是异曲同工的效果，故能够迅速确定答案的位置。
B
When yu think f a map, is nrth n the tp r the bttm? Usually, maps are designed with nrth n tp,thugh when we think abut it, there is n lgical reasn fr this bias. After all, there is n up r dwn in space. S what is wrng with suth, east r west being n the tp f the map? The answer is:nthing at all. In fact, nrth-up maps nly became the nrm in the last few hundred years.
Ancient Egyptian maps had suth at the tp because the Nile River flws dwnhill frm muntains in the suth t the Mediterranean Sea in the nrth. Mecca was t the suth f mst early Muslim civilizatins, and suth-up maps were designed s that viewers wuld lk up t see Mecca. Medieval Christian maps had east at the tp, as they believed the Garden f Eden was in the east. The nly early maps that had nrth at the tp were thse f early China because the emperr lived in the nrth.
Nrth seems t have settled at the tp f maps during the 16th century, largely thanks t a Flemish mapmaker, Mercatr. Mercatr was a great admirer f an early Greek mapmaker, wh, fr reasns nw unknwn, put nrth at the tp f maps, s Mercatr did, t. When Mercatr s wrld map became the standard map t navigate the ceans, nrth up became standard as well.
What is the implicatin f this nrth-view f the wrld? Psychlgically, peple tend t think f up as gd and dwn as bad. Just think f wrds and phrases like “upmarket”，“upbeat” and “mving up in the wrld", and hw they cntrast with their ppsites. Because nrth is s cnsistently put at the tp f maps, peple nw think f nrth as gd, t.
Several attempts have been made in recent years by intrducing suth-up maps t the market. These maps nt nly give us a chance t see the wrld differently, but als give everyne the chance t see themselves n tp.
14. What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. Nrth-up maps were rare in ancient times.
B. Deciding up r dwn in space is ridiculus.
C. Mecca maps were based n a legend.
D. The suth-up map first appeared in ancient Egypt.
15. Why is nrth assciated with gd?
A. An illgical reasn.
B. The spread f Mercatr' s maps.
C. Peple's preference fr up.
D. An age-ld traditin in Greece.
16. What is the authrs attitude t suth-up maps?
A. Cautius.B. Supprtive.C. Uncaring.D. Disapprving.
17. What's the main purpse f the text?
A. T explain a phenmenn.
B. T cmpare varius facts.
C. T crrect a cultural bias.
D. T argue fr a viewpint.
【答案】14. A 15. C 16. B 17. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文，介绍了古代地图的顶部是不同的方向，但是现在地图一般都是北在上的，所以人们认为北方是好的。而南在上的地图不仅让我们有机会从不同角度看世界，也让每个人有机会看到自己处于顶峰。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段“Ancient Egyptian maps had suth at the tp because the Nile River flws dwnhill frm muntains in the suth t the Mediterranean Sea in the nrth. Mecca was t the suth f mst early Muslim civilizatins, and suth-up maps were designed s that viewers wuld lk up t see Mecca. Medieval Christian maps had east at the tp, as they believed the Garden f Eden was in the east. The nly early maps that had nrth at the tp were thse f early China because the emperr lived in the nrth.(古埃及地图的顶部是南，因为尼罗河从南部的山脉流向北部的地中海。麦加位于大多数早期穆斯林文明的南部，因此人们设计了向南的地图，这样人们就可以抬头看到麦加。中世纪的基督教地图上有东方，因为他们认为伊甸园在东方。只有早期的中国地图，上面有北方，因为皇帝住在北方。)”可知，古代大部分国家的地图的顶部是南或者东方，只有中国将北作为地图的顶部，所以以北为上的地图在古代是很少见的。故选A项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第四段“What is the implicatin f this nrth-view f the wrld? Psychlgically, peple tend t think f up as gd and dwn as bad. (这个世界向北的观点意味着什么?心理上，人们倾向于认为向上是好的，向下是坏的。)”可知，为什么北方和好有关是因为人们对向上的偏好。故选C项。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Several attempts have been made in recent years by intrducing suth-up maps t the market. These maps nt nly give us a chance t see the wrld differently, but als give everyne the chance t see themselves n tp.(近年来，通过将南向地图引入市场，已经进行了几次尝试。这些地图不仅让我们有机会从不同的角度看世界，也让每个人都有机会看到自己处于顶峰。)”可知，南在上的地图不仅让我们有机会从不同角度看世界，也让每个人有机会看到自己处于顶峰，可以让我们从另一个角度看待世界和自己，所以作者对南在上的地图是支持的，肯定的。故选B项。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Several attempts have been made in recent years by intrducing suth-up maps t the market. These maps nt nly give us a chance t see the wrld differently, but als give everyne the chance t see themselves n tp.(近年来，已经进行了几次尝试将南向地图引入市场。这些地图不仅让我们有机会从不同的角度看世界，也让每个人都有机会看到自己处于顶峰。)”可知，作者知道现在大多数地图都是北向上的，但是他认为南向上的地图也是有好处的，希望南向上的地图可以让人们从另一个角度看待世界和自己，可推知作者写这篇文章的目的是支持这个观点，南向上的地图可以让我们多一个角度看世界。故选D项。
C
The nine wman f Bella Mnd win ver yet anther audience. The grup is ne f just a handful f all-wmen ensembles (乐队) in Ivry Cast.
It all started in 2007. Prisca Allu was a music student. A music prducer came t see her. He said he wanted t make an all-female ensemble t keep a prmise t his late mther.
Allu gt n bard and was charged with recruiting (招募) ther members. “It wasn’t easy at first. Sme parents were against it. Yu knw, in Africa, the place f wmen is ften seen as being either in an ffice r at hme. That was the fixed image.” Allu spread the wrd and tk ut ads in lcal papers. Mst f the girls she fund were nt prfessinal players. “I just played sme tamtam. I learned t play drums when I jined Bella Mnd.” The girls spent the next fur years learning t play their instruments. Many gave up alng the way, but eight f them sldiered n with Allu, and Bella Mnd was funded.
The band plays riginal sngs and cvers. Their music spans a wide range f styles: funk, reggae, pp music. They released their first album in 2013... and have perfrmed in Paris, Dakar, Ctnu and, f curse, here at hme in Abidjan.
Yu can see them nearly every Thursday at this bar, the same place that gave the band its start years ag. “Oh yes, I was surprised at first. A wman singing, yu see that every day, but an entire band, playing all the instruments and everything? It was extrardinary. I was dumbstruck. Bella Mnd is a great band.”
The wmen are nw wrking n their secnd album.
18. Why did the music prducer want t frm a female ensemble?
A. T spnsr music students.B. T cmfrt his mther.
C. T carry ut his prmise.D. T win ver an audience.
19. Which f the fllwing made it hard fr Allu t recruit band members?
A. The band charged t much.
B. A number f parents didn’t supprt it.
C. Mst wmen prefer t wrk in a gvernment ffice.
D. African wmen are nt allwed t leave their hmes.
20. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. What Allu experienced.
B. Hw Bella Mnd was brn.
C. Why mst girls gave up halfway.
D. Hw the girls learned t play instruments.
21. What des the underlined wrd “dumbstruck” prbably mean in paragraph 5?
A. Astnished.B. Amused.C. Determined.D. Satisfied.
【答案】18. C 19. B 20. B 21. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了科特迪瓦女子乐队突破社会传统取得成功的故事，此外简单介绍了该乐队成立的过程。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“He said he wanted t make an all-female ensemble t keep a prmise t his late mther.”可知，他说他想成立女子乐队来信守对已故母亲的承诺，可以判断出这名音乐制作人为了履行对已故母亲的承诺而成立了这个女子乐队。故选C。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段“ “It wasn’t easy at first. Sme parents were against it. Yu knw, in Africa, the place f wmen is ften seen as being either in an ffice r at hme. ”可知，起初招聘不容易，在非洲女孩子的固定形象就是坐办公室或待在家里，因此一些家长反对成立女子乐队，这是造成Allu组建乐队困难的原因之一。故选B。
【20题详解】
主旨大意题。通读第三段“Allu gt n bard and was charged with recruiting (招募) ther members. “ Bella Mnd was funded.”可知，本段讲述了负责招聘的Allu说到在非洲女孩子的固定形象就是坐办公室或待在家里，他们通过在报纸上登广告招聘成员，以及最后乐队成立了。可知，本段主要讲述了Bella Mnd 乐队的诞生过程。故选B。
【21题详解】
词义猜测题。 根据倒数第二段““Oh yes, I was surprised at first. A wman singing, yu see that every day, but an entire band, playing all the instruments and everything? It was Mnd is a great band"”可知，我起初很惊讶，你每天能看到一个女人在唱歌，但是整个乐队演奏所有乐器和一切？真是太棒了 Mnd是一个了不起的乐队。可知，出乎意料的是该女子乐队的演出取得了空前的成功，所以说话者感到很震惊。 A . Astnished.惊讶的； B. Amused 搞笑的 ；C. Determined 有决心的；D. Satisfied.满意的。故选A。
【点睛】
D
If humans were truly at hme under the light f the mn and stars, we wuld g in darkness happily, the midnight wrld as visible t us as it is t the vast number f ncturnal (夜间活动) species n this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted t living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evlutinary fact, even thugh mst f us dn’t think f urselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the nly way t explain what we’ve dne t the night: We’ve engineered it t receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits f this kind f engineering cme with cnsequences — called light pllutin — whse effects scientists are nly nw beginning t study. Light pllutin is largely the result f bad lighting design, which allws artificial light t shine utward and upward int the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes ut the darkness f night and cmpletely changes the light levels — and light rhythms — t which many frms f life, including urselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills int the natural wrld, sme aspect f life is affected.
In mst cities the sky lks as thugh it has been emptied f stars, leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrrs ur fear f the dark. We’ve grwn s used t this range haze that the riginal glry f an unlit night — dark enugh fr the planet Venus t thrw shadws n Earth — is whlly beynd ur experience, beynd memry almst.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unccupied cuntry, when nthing culd be further frm the truth. Amng mammals alne, the number f ncturnal species is astnishing. Light is a pwerful bilgical frce, and n many species it acts as a magnet. The effect is s pwerful that scientists speak f sngbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights n land r by the light frm gas flares n marine il platfrms. Migrating at night, birds tend t cllide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frgs living near brightly lit highways suffer ncturnal light levels that are as much as a millin times brighter than nrmal, thrwing nearly every aspect f their behavir ut f jint, including their nighttime breeding chruses. Humans are n less trapped by light pllutin than the frgs. Like mst ther creatures, we d need darkness. Darkness is as essential t ur bilgical welfare, t ur internal clckwrk, as light itself.
Living in a glare f ur wn making, we have cut urselves ff frm ur evlutinary and cultural heritage — the light f the stars and the rhythms f day and night. In a very real sense, light pllutin causes us t lse sight f ur true place in the universe, t frget the scale f ur being, which is best measured against the dimensins f a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge f ur galaxy — arching verhead.
22. Accrding t the passage, human beings .
A. prefer t live in the darkness
B. are used t living in the day light
C. were curius abut the midnight wrld
D. had t stay at hme with the light f the mn
23. What des the underlined wrd “it” (Paragraph 1) mst prbably refer t?
A. The night.B. The mn.C. The sky.D. The planet.
24. The writer mentins birds and frgs t .
A. prvide examples f animal prtectin.
B. shw hw light pllutin affects animals.
C. cmpare the living habits f bth species.
D. explain why the number f certain species has declined.
25. What might be the best title fr the passage?
A. The Magic Light.B. The Orange Haze.
C. The Disappearing Night.D. The Rhythms f Nature.
【答案】22. B 23. A 24. B 25. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了人类热衷于用人造光源将夜空照亮，由此引发的光污染对于动物和人类造成严重影响。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted t living in the sun’s light.(相反，我们人类属于昼间活动的动物，眼睛适应了太阳的光线)”可知，人类习惯生活在白昼时阳光照射下的环境。故选B。
【23题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段中“This is a basic evlutinary fact, even thugh mst f us dn’t think f urselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the nly way t explain what we’ve dne t the night(这是一个基本的进化事实，尽管我们大多数人并不认为自己是白天活动的生物。然而，这是解释我们对夜晚所做的一切的唯一方式)”可推知，人类是白天活动的生物，所以我们设计了光，让光充满夜空，所以it指代前文中的night。故选A。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Light is a pwerful bilgical frce, and n many species it acts as a magnet. The effect is s pwerful that scientists speak f sngbirds and seabirds being ‘captured’ by searchlights n land r by the light frm gas flares n marine il platfrms. Migrating at night, birds tend t cllide with brightly lit tall buildings.(光是一种强大的生物力量，对许多物种来说，它就像磁铁一样。这种影响是如此强大，以至于科学家们说，陆地上的探照灯或海洋石油平台上的天然气火炬发出的光会‘捕捉’到鸣禽和海鸟。鸟类在夜间迁徙时，往往会与灯火通明的高层建筑发生碰撞)”以及第五段中的“Frgs living near brightly lit highways suffer ncturnal light levels that are as much as a millin times brighter than nrmal, thrwing nearly every aspect f their behavir ut f jint, including their nighttime breeding chruses.(生活在灯火通明的高速公路附近的青蛙，夜间的光照水平是平时的100万倍，这几乎使它们的每一个行为都不正常，包括夜间繁殖的合唱)”可推知，作者提到鸟类和青蛙来说明光污染是如何影响动物的。故选B。
【25题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Living in a glare f ur wn making, we have cut urselves ff frm ur evlutinary and cultural heritage — the light f the stars and the rhythms f day and night. (生活在一个刺眼的世界，我们已经远离了进化和文化遗产——遥远的星光和昼夜交替闪耀的光)”可知，本文主要介绍人类用耀眼的人造光源将夜空点亮，给自然环境中的动物和人类自身带来了诸多的问题，呼吁人们还原一个“黑暗沉静”的夜晚。由此可知，“正在消失的夜空”可以作为本文标题。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Time fr a Brainstrm
A brainstrm is a sessin where a small grup f peple cme tgether t slve a prblem. Peple vice spntaneus ideas, smetimes just shuting, and a nte-taker writes them all dwn.___26___By getting different ideas ut there, ideas are said t bunce ff each ther and even can help slve the prblem at hand. Brainstrming is ften a grup exercise but individuals can als cnduct persnal brainstrms.
___27___He defined it as using the brain t strm a creative prblem and d s in cmmand (突击队）fashin, with each strmer attacking the same bjective. Accrding t him,, it was easier t tne dwn a wild idea than think up a new ne. He placed imprtance n the cllectin f as many ideas as pssible and dismissed scientific thinking.
Brainstrming has becme ne f the mst ppular ways t slve prblems and hld discussin in schls and businesses. Many students brainstrm fr a grup assignment r even fr a persnal essay. Sarah Grace, 24, is an Australian marketing analyst and uses brainstrming during all her creative duties. She thinks brainstrming is the best way t wrk as a team. The sessins get everyne n the same page, everyne mving tgether and with a clear understanding abut the fundatins f an event r idea.___28___.
Hwever, a big prblem with brainstrming is creating a mess that leads peple further away frm a slutin. ___29___ If yu dn’t have a strng mderatr r leader f the brainstrm, can g really ff track, and peple just start discussing smething ttally different. Brainstrming can smetimes cnfuse the human brain.___30___ If yu brainstrm t much and yur page is filled up with all the messy links, yu can paint yurself int a bit f cmer and get trapped with ideas.
Yu need t mve past brainstrming as sn as yu have smething wrkable.
A. The ideas can be smart, strange r crazy.
BIt is caused by a lack f directin frm a leader.
C. Brainstrming really helps her rganize her thughts.
D. Brainstrming really is the best way t build team spirit.
E. It can pen t many drs and nt suggest a clear directin.
F. Brainstrms were ppularized in the 1940s by American advertising bss Alex Osbrn.
G. They can be wrds; phrases, paragraphs and anything that can help answer the questin.
【答案】26. A 27. F 28. D 29. B 30. E
【解析】
【分析】文章讲述了什么是brainstrm（头脑风暴）、其创始人、具体应用和缺点。
【26题详解】
A
上文“Peple vice spntaneus ideas, smetimes just shuting, and a nte-taker writes them all dwn.”介绍什么是brainstrm，人们畅所欲言然后有人把这些观点都记录下来。围绕ideas来写，说出ideas，记录ideas， A项：这些想法可能是聪明的、奇怪的或疯狂的。与上文的ideas一致，故选A。
【27题详解】
F
根据下文“He defined it as using the brain t strm a creative prblem and d s in cmmand (突击队）fashin, with each strmer attacking the same bjective. ”中的He及他的做法和it was easier t tne dwn a wild idea than think up a new ne．可知本段在介绍使brainstrm普及的人，F项提出此人是美国广告公司老板Alex Osbrn，下文中的He指代的就是F项中的Alex Osbrn，故选F。
【28题详解】
D
根据上文“Brainstrming has becme ne f the mst ppular ways t slve prblems and hld discussin in schls and businesses. ”可知，本段讲brainstrm在学校和生意上的运用，它是the best way t wrk as a team．强调其合作和团队精神，与D项中build team spirit一致，符合本段内容，故选D。
【29题详解】
B
上文“a big prblem with brainstrming is creating a mess that leads peple further away frm a slutin. ”在讲brainstrm的一个缺点，会给人们造成混乱，远离解决方案，B项：这是由缺乏方向的领导者造成的，指出了其原因，故选B。
【30题详解】
E
上文“Brainstrming can smetimes cnfuse the human brain.”在讲brainstrm的另一个缺点，会使大脑困惑。E项：它可能会涉及许多方面而不能给出明确的方向，是这一缺点的具体表现。故选E。
第四部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Apple has annunced a plan t becme carbn neutral（碳中和）by 2030. This new cmmitment ___31___ that by 2030 every Apple prduct sld will have net zer climate ___32___ .
"Business have a great ___33___ t help build a mre psitive ___34___ ," said Tim Ck, Apple's CEO. “The innvatins（创新）pwering ur envirnmental jurney are nt nly ___35___ fr the planet—they've ___36___ us t make ur prducts mre energy-efficient and bring new surces f ___37___ energy. Climate actin can bring a ___38___ age f innvative technlgy, jb creatin, and lng-lasting ecnmic ___39___ . With ur cmmitment t carbn neutrality, we hpe mre and mre cmpanies will ___40___ us and create a much larger ___41___ .”
Apple's 2020 Envirnmental Prgress Reprt has annunced it plans t ___42___ emissins（排放物）by 75% by 2030. The cmpany's 10-year climate radmap will lwer emissins by cntinuing t increase the ___43___ f lw-carbn and recycled ___44___ in its prducts, innvate its prduct recycling, and ___45___ prducts t be as energy-efficient as pssible.
Apple and 10 f its suppliers in China are spending nearly $300 millin ___46___ prjects t prduce1 billin watts f renewable energy, which has generated（激发）cmmitments frm ver 70 suppliers t use 100% renewable energy. Once cmpleted, these cmmitments will ___47___ ver 14.3 millin metric tns f CO2 emissins each year. Apple als ___48___ t help prtect frests and ecsystems in Kenya and Clmbia, in partnership with Cnservatin Internatinal.
The cmpany's cmplete plan and hw it measures its carbn ftprint can be ___49___ in its Envirnmental Prgress Reprt. ___50___ n its supplier cmmitments can als be fund there.
31. A. imaginesB. dubtsC. prvesD. means
32. A. prtectinB. pllutinC. cntrlD. deal
33. A. rightB. needC. pprtunityD. plan
34. A. futureB. habitC. relatinshipD. market
35. A. slwB. gdC. easyD. risky
36. A. helpedB. fllwedC. allwedD. trained
37. A. traditinalB. freeC. additinalD. clean
38. A. tughB. lngC. newD. similar
39. A. slwdwnB. uncertaintyC. grwthD. demand
40. A. leadB. jinC. visitD. questin
41. A. quantityB. brandC. partD. change
42. A. reduceB. imprveC. keepD. quicken
43. A. useB. shareC. sizeD. price
44. A. wastesB. tlsC. systemsD. materials
45. A. preferB. designC. shwD. cnsider
46. A. savingB. findingC. develpingD. chsing
47. A. measureB. avidC. increaseD. achieve
48. A. regrettedB. failedC. prmisedD. remembered
49. A. crrectedB. cmpletedC. appliedD. seen
50. A. PrgressB. DestructinC. StrugglesD. Cnfidence
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. C 39. C 40. B 41. D 42. A 43. A 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是苹果公司宣布了一项到2030年实现碳中和的计划。这一新的承诺意味着，到2030年，每一款售出的苹果产品将实现净零气候污染。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一新的承诺意味着，到2030年，每一款售出的苹果产品将实现净零气候污染。A. imagines想象；B. dubts怀疑；C. prves证明；D. means意味着。由后文的“that by 2030, every Apple prduct sld will have net zer climate ___2_”可知，这是在解释苹果公司的承诺的意义，因此空格处意为“意味着”，故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一新的承诺意味着，到2030年，每一款售出的苹果产品将实现净零气候污染。A. prtectin保护；B. pllutin污染；C. cntrl控制；D. deal交易。由上文的“becme carbn neutral”可知，句子表示“到2030年，每一款售出的苹果产品将实现净零气候污染”，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：苹果公司首席执行官蒂姆·库克说:“企业有一个伟大的机会来帮助建立一个更积极的未来。”A. right权利；B. need需要；C. pprtunity机会；D. plan计划。由“t help build a mre psitive ___4__”可知，企业有一个伟大的机会来帮助建立一个更积极的未来，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：苹果公司首席执行官蒂姆·库克说:“企业有一个伟大的机会来帮助建立一个更积极的未来。”A. future未来；B. habit习惯；C. relatinship关系；D. market市场。由上文的“every Apple prduct sld will have net zer climate ___2”可知，是建立一个更积极的未来，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：推动我们环保之旅的创新不仅对地球有好处，还帮助我们使产品更节能，带来新的清洁能源。A. slw慢的；B. gd好的；C. easy简单的；D. risky有风险的。由上文的“The innvatins（创新）ur envirnmental jurney”可知，环保之旅的创新肯定是对地球有好处，故选B。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：推动我们环保之旅的创新不仅对地球有好处，还帮助我们使产品更节能，带来新的清洁能源。A. helped帮助；B. fllwed跟随；C. allwed允许；D. trained训练。由“us t make ur prducts mre energy-efficient”可知，推动我们环保之旅的创新帮助我们使产品更节能，故选A。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：推动我们环保之旅的创新不仅对地球有好处，还帮助我们使产品更节能，带来新的清洁能源。A. traditinal传统的；B. free自由的；C. additinal额外的；D. clean干净的。由上文的“Apple has annunced a plan t becme carbn neutral”可知，环保之旅的创新带来新的清洁能源，故选D。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：气候行动可以带来一个创新技术、创造就业和持久经济增长的新时代。A. tugh困难的；B. lng长的；C. new新的；D. similar类似的。由后文的“age f innvative technlgy, jb creatin”可知，创新技术、创造就业都是新时代才有的，故选C。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：气候行动可以带来一个创新技术、创造就业和持久经济增长的新时代。A. slwdwn减速；B. uncertainty不确定性；C. grwth增长；D. demand要求。由“bring a ___8___ age f innvative technlgy, jb creatin, and lng-lasting ecnmic”可知，气候行动可以带来一个创新技术、创造就业和持久经济增长的新时代。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着我们对碳中和的承诺，我们希望越来越多的公司加入我们，创造更大的变化。A. lead带领；B. jin参加；C. visit参观；D. questin质疑。由“mre and mre cmpanies”可知，是希望越来越多的公司加入我们，故选B。
41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我们对碳中和的承诺，我们希望越来越多的公司加入我们，创造更大的变化。A. quantity数量；B. brand品牌；C. part部分；D. change改变。由上文的“build a mre psitive ___4__”可知，此处是说“希望越来越多的公司加入我们，创造更大的变化”，故选D。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：苹果公司在《2020年环境进展报告》中宣布，计划到2030年减排75%。A. reduce减少；B. imprve提高；C. keep保持；D. quicken加快。由下文的“lwer emissins”可知，此处是指“计划到2030年减排75%”，故选A。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该公司的10年气候路线图将通过继续在其产品中增加低碳和回收材料的使用，创新其产品回收，并设计尽可能节能的产品来降低排放。A. use使用；B. share股份；C. size大小；D. price价格。由上文的“lwer emissins”可知，既然要减排肯定是增加低碳材料的使用，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该公司的10年气候路线图将通过继续在其产品中增加低碳和回收材料的使用，创新其产品回收，并设计尽可能节能的产品来降低排放。A. wastes浪费；B. tls工具；C. systems系统；D. materials材料。由上文的“lwer emissins”和“in its prducts”可知，要减排就要增加可回收材料在产品中的使用，故选D。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司的10年气候路线图将通过继续在其产品中增加低碳和回收材料的使用，创新其产品回收，并设计尽可能节能的产品来降低排放。A. prefer更喜欢；B. design设计；C. shw展示；D. cnsider考虑。由后文的“t be as energy-efficient as pssible”可知，是设计尽可能节能的产品，故选B。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：苹果和它在中国的10家供应商正在投资近3亿美元开发项目，生产10亿瓦的可再生能源，这已经促使超过70家供应商承诺使用100%的可再生能源。A. saving节省；B. finding找到；C. develping开发；D. chsing选择。由“spending nearly $300 millin”和“prjects t prduce1 billin watts f renewable energy”可知，是开发项目，生产10亿瓦的可再生能源，故选C。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些承诺一旦完成，每年将避免超过1430万吨的二氧化碳排放。A. measure测量；B. avid避免；C. increase增加；D. achieve得到。由上文的“use 100% renewable energy”可知，此处说会避免超过1430万吨的二氧化碳排放，故选B。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：苹果还承诺与国际保护组织(Cnservatin Internatinal)合作，帮助保护肯尼亚和哥伦比亚的森林和生态系统。A. regretted后悔；B. failed失败；C. prmised承诺；D. remembered记得。由后文的“t help prtect frests and ecsystems in Kenya and Clmbia”可知，这是苹果公司的承诺，故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司的完整计划和如何衡量其碳足迹可以在其环境进展报告中看到。A. crrected纠正；B. cmpleted完成；C. applied应用；D. seen看见。由“in its Envirnmental Prgress Reprt”可知，该公司的完整计划和如何衡量其碳足迹可以在其环境进展报告中看到，故选D。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它在供应商承诺方面取得的进展也可以在那儿看到。A. Prgress进展；B. Destructin破坏；C. Struggles挣扎；D. Cnfidence自信。由“its supplier cmmitments”可知，在其环境进展报告中也可以看到它在供应商承诺方面的进展，故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sme time after 10,000 BC, peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived ___51___ , thrugh agriculture. Over thusands f years, they began t depend less n ___52___ culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
Farming prduced mre fd per persn ___53___ hunting and gathering, s peple were able t raise mre children. And，as mre children were brn, mre fd ___54___(need). Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy ___55___(change) lives.
By abut 6000 BC，peple ___56___ (discver)the best crps t grw and animals t raise. Later，they learned t wrk with the ___57___ (seasn)，planting at the right time and, in dry areas, ___58___ (make) use f annual flds t irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
This style f farming lasted fr quite a lng time. Then，with ___59___ rise f science, changes began. New methds _____60_____ (mean) that fewer peple wrked in farming. In the last century r s, these changes have accelerated. New pwer machinery and artificial fertilizers (化肥) have nw ttally transfrmed a way f life that started in the Stne Age.
【答案】51. in 52. what
53. than 54. was needed
55. t change
56. had discvered
57. seasns
58. making 59. the
60. meant.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。
【51题详解】
考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the wrld 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the wrld. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
【52题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
【53题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。mre… than，意为“比……更”故填than。
【54题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。fd为不可数名词。故填was needed。
【55题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填t change。
【56题详解】
考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间译为“到…为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discvered.
【57题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasns。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use f和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（ding）形式做状语。故填making。
【59题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：随着科学的崛起，事情发生了变化。with the rise f 译为“随着的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
【60题详解】
考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
第五部分写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
61. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I grew up in a small twn abut a hur utside f Chicag. There were nly a handful f lcal shps and cafes, and everyne knw their neighbrs as there were nly twenty thusands peple in the whle twn! My parents used t let my brther and me walking t and frm the kindergarten every day, and we were allwed t d whichever we liked befre dark. The nly thing we had t wrry abut was getting bite by insects r getting sunburned frm staying utdr fr t lng! After high schl, I went t cllege in the city. Taking the subway was much faster than riding my bike. Peple frm all ver the wrld spke languages I never heard befre. There were huge department stres, where sld everything. The entertainment at all hurs was my mst favrite thing abut the city.
【答案】1.a→an
2.knw→knew
3.thusands→thusand
4.walking→walk
5.whichever→whatever
6.bite→bitten
7.utdr→utdrs
8.在I后加had
9.where→which
10.删除mst
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍芝加哥城市和乡村的不同。
【详解】第一处：考查冠词。句意：我在离芝加哥一个小时车程的小镇长大。hur发音是元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。故将a改为an。
第二处：考查时态。句意：当地只有几家商店和咖啡馆，每个人都认识自己的邻居，因为整个小镇只有两万人!整篇文章都陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故将knw改为knew。
第三处：考查数词。句意：当地只有几家商店和咖啡馆，每个人都认识自己的邻居，因为整个小镇只有两万人!前文有基数词twenty，后面填thusand的单数形式。在“thusands f ”中thusand才用复数。故将thusands改为thusand。
第四处：考查非谓语动词。句意：以前，我父母每天早上都让我和弟弟走路上下学，天黑前我们可以做任何我们喜欢做的事。用动词原形做let的宾语补足语。故将walking改为walk。
第五处：考查宾语从句。句意：以前，我父母每天早上都让我和弟弟走路上下学，天黑前我们可以做任何我们喜欢做的事。宾语从句中缺宾语，指物，没有范围不用whichever。故将whichever改为whatever。
第六处：考查被动语态。句意：我们唯一要担心的是在户外待得太久会被昆虫咬伤或被晒伤!bite与主语we之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故将bite改为bitten。
第七处：考查副词。句意：我们唯一要担心的是在户外待得太久会被昆虫咬伤或被晒伤!动词stay后用副词修饰。故将utdr改为utdrs。
第八处：考查时态。句意：来自世界各地的人们说着我以前从未听过的语言。结合全文的一般过去时和befre可知，此处表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故在I后加had。
第九处：考查定语从句。句意：那里有大百货商店，什么都卖。逗号后是非限制性定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词是stres，指物，所以用关系代词which引导定语从句。故将where改为which。
第十处：考查形容词的级。句意：全天候的娱乐是我最喜欢这个城市的地方的原因。favrite 译为“最喜欢”，没有最高级形式。故删除mst。
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
62. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友 Emily 来信说她非常喜欢中国民族舞，并打算今年暑假来中国学习民族舞，她想请你帮她推荐一位舞蹈老师。请你根据以下要点给她回一封电子邮件：
1.介绍你推荐的老师；
2.推荐该老师的原因；
3.祝她拜师成功。
注意：1.词数 100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear Emily,
Knwing that yu are ging t learn Chinese flk dance in China, I'm happy t recmmend an excellent teacher Miss Chen t yu. Miss Chen is the best dance teacher in ur schl. I used t watch Miss Chen's perfrmances f Chinese flk dance, which really impressed me. And I have seen almst all f her perfrmances in ur schl. Her peacck dance is wnderful. She has helped many students wh want t learn flk dance, including me. Besides, Miss Chen is patient and enthusiastic abut teaching. I believe yu will achieve a lt with her help.
I sincerely wish yu gd luck t be Miss Chen's student.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生英国朋友 Emily写一封回信，帮她推荐一位舞蹈老师。
【详解】1.词汇积累
很高兴：be glad t →be happy t
优秀的：nice →excellent
很棒：gd →wnderful
除此而外：Mrever = Besides
2.句式拓展
简单句变为复合句
原句：Miss Chen is the best dance teacher in ur schl.
拓展句：Miss Chen is a teacher wh dances best in ur schl.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I used t watch Miss Chen's perfrmances f Chinese flk dance, which really impressed me.这句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
[高分句型2] She has helped many students wh want t learn flk dance, including me.这句话运用了wh引导的定语从句。
听力答案：1-5 BCACA 6-10 BACBB 11-15 CBACB 16-20CACAA