高二英语寒假培优练习寒假作业14 阅读理解说明文专练（2份，原卷版+解析版）

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作业14 阅读理解说明文专练
1. As sn as Bran Bumvich Higni’s bare feet tuch the sand n the beach, he spreads his arms like a helicpter and happily says, “Let's g surfing!” The 7-year-ld, wearing a black wetsuit, is fllwed by a dzen ther kids wh skip their way int the blue waves f the Pacific Ocean ff the cast f Peru's capital, Lima.
Bran gets help with his wetsuit frm Dieg Villarán, wh funded the lcal surf schl. This Peruvian surf schl is part f a wave f cmmunity-based prjects arund the wrld that use a perhaps surprising methd t help kids: surf therapy (疗法).
The idea is nt nly abut catching waves t make use f the prven mental health benefits f physical exercise. The wider gal is t create a space fr yung children t express themselves freely, t help teach them hw t prcess their emtins and t create psitive scial cnnectins.
Lima's surf therapy prject is run by Alt Peru, a lcal nnprfit named after the neighbrhd in the suth f the city where Villardn-its 41-year-ld funder-and all f the trainee surfers cme frm. Many f the children in the Alt Peru prgram face challenging situatins. Sme parents are addicted t alchl. One f the bys has even turned up fr lessns with a black eye a cuple f times.
Half f all mental health disrders begin befre the age f 14 and up t a fifth f teenagers glbally experience mental health cnditins, accrding t the Wrld Mental Health Survey Initiative, which cnducted face-t-face interviews in 17 cuntries acrss Africa, Asia, the Americas and Eurpe.
Surf therapy, which cvers prjects frm Sierra Lene t Califrnia and Trinidad, is seen by advcates as a cnvincing slutin t helping address mental health issues amng yung peple. “It has changed my life,” says Omarin Butler, 19, wh began surfing with Alt Peru tw years ag. “When my parents put me dwn in the past, it was hard fr me t express my feelings. But surfing makes me mre cnfident. It helps me t take time fr myself.”
1．What d we knw abut Bran frm the first paragraph?
A．He is gd at flying a plane.B．He feels excited t g surfing.
C．He is having a physical educatin class.D．He enjys the hliday with his family.
2．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The rigin f surf therapy.B．The tips fr catching waves.
C．The purpses f surf therapy.D．The advice n relatinships.
3．What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 5?
A．Add sme backgrund infrmatin.B．Summarize the previus paragraphs.
C．Intrduce a new tpic fr discussin.D．Offer sme suggestins t the readers.
4．What is Omarin Butler’s attitude t Alt Peru?
A．Uncncerned.B．Unclear.C．Dubtful.D．Favrable.
词汇积累
2. The shiny leaves and branching rts f mangrves (红树林) in Australia are eye-catching, and nw a study prvides us with new findings abut the trees. Lng-term tidal cycles (潮汐周期), in large part, set in mtin the expansin and cntractin f mangrve frests by the mn drive, researchers reprt in Science Advances. This discvery is key t predicting when mangrves are mst likely t grw fast.
Mangrves are castal trees, which are gd at absrbing carbn and culd help fight climate change, that prvide habitat fr fish and fight against ersin (侵蚀). But in sme places, the frests face plenty f menaces, including castal develpment, pllutin and land clearing fr agriculture. Neil Saintilan, an envirnmental scientist in Sydney, wrked ut hw the size and thickness f mangrve frests acrss Australia changed ver time.
Saintilan nticed a curius pattern. Mangrve frests tended t expand and cntract in a certain manner. “I saw this 33-year regular change,” Saintilan said.
That regularity gt the researchers thinking abut the mn. Over the curse f 33 years, the plane (平面) f the mn’s rbit arund Earth slwly tilts (倾斜). When the mn’s rbit is the least tilted relative t the equatr, semi-diurnal tides (半日潮)—which cnsist f tw high and lw tides each day—tend t have a larger range. Saintilan fund that mangrve frests experiencing semi-diurnal tides tended t be larger and denser precisely when higher tides were expected based n the mn’s rbit, which culd deliver much mre water and necessary nutrients t mangrves.
It is imprtant t recgnize this effect n mangrve ppulatins. Such knwledge culd infrm effrts t prtect and restre the frests, thus prmting the grwth f these trees. That might lk like added limitatins n human activity nearby that culd harm the frests. But peple shuld be mre reactive.
5．Which f the fllwing can be indicated frm the new study abut Australian mangrves?
A．They can predict the mtin f the mn.
B．Their favrable grwth time is predictable.
C．Their functins are beynd nrmal imaginatin.
D．They d well in transfrming carbn int xygen.
6．What des the underlined wrd “menaces” prbably mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Dubts.B．ThreatsC．Opprtunities.D．Slutins.
7．Hw des the mn affect mangrves’ grwth in Australia?
A．By decreasing the appearance f lw tides.
B．By tilting frequently t ffer mre tides fr the Earth.
C．By driving tides t prvide beneficial elements fr grwth.
D．By generating semi-diurnal tides t reduce mangrves’ sil lss.
8．Which f the fllwing can be the best title f this passage?
A．Knwledge f Prtecting and String Mangrves.
B．Research abut Expansin and Cntractin f Frests.
C．Discvery n the Causes f High and Lw Tides.
D．New Findings abut Mn Drive and Mangrves.
词汇积累
3. Are yu addicted t scial media? Yu may think yu can quit it any time yu want, but yur bdy and brain may nt agree. Staying deeply cnnected t yur scial netwrks can be cstly.
Researchers tk a lk at hw nn-stp scial netwrking can actually change yur brain. Scial media sites are used by ne third f the glbal ppulatin, and 5—10% are unable t cntrl their nline usage due t a psychlgical addictin. Researchers call this addictin a substance addictin, namely, a similar effect f drug r alchl n addicts.
There is a decline in the white matter (脑白质) that cntrls emtinal prcessing and decisin making, largely because scial media prvides an immediate reward. When yu pst smething nline and smene “likes” it, yu get the immediate reward—peple’s praise, and then yur brain begins t lng fr these rewards. It’s just like hw a drug wrks.
Researchers als lked at hw multitasking affects the brain. When yu are dealing with a variety f tasks, devices, and websites, yu have t cnstantly switch yur thinking mdes, which usually leads t the unbalanced distributin f attentin. Als, multitasking culd damage yur ability t cmmit t memry. Cnsider what happens when yur phne vibrates (振动). Yu feel the vibratin and nine times ut f ten, yu pull yur phnes ut t check, which will distract yu frm what yu are ding.
Of curse there is nthing wrng with using scial media t stay in tuch with family, friends, and clleagues, but as with everything else in life, mderatin (适度) is the key. Mderatin can nt nly help us n task, but als help cntrl the side effects frm ver stimulating ur brains with scial media, mbile devices, and screen time.
9．What’s the purpse f Paragraph 1?
A．T raise a questin.B．T give an example.
C．T bring up the tpic.D．T make an analysis.
10．What’s the reasn behind peple’s nn-stp scial netwrking?
A．Their fragile brain structure.B．The cnvenient Internet access.
C．The pressure frm fast city life.D．Their mental dependence n it.
11．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing utcmes can multitasking bring abut?
A．An imprvement in time management.B．A decline in creativity.
C．A decrease in wrking efficiency.D．An increase in sensibility.
12．What is the authr’s attitude twards scial media?
A．Objective.B．Dubtful.C．Supprtive.D．Critical.
词汇积累
4. In 1983, Ski Rixen USA became the first water ski cable park in the United States. Lcated in Deerfield Beach, Flrida, the park ffers riders a chance t experience all kinds f water sprts.
In the past 40 years, Six Rixen USA has welcmed mre than 1.5 millin visitrs. The park was the brainchild f engineer Brun Rixen. Brn in 1931 in Germany, Rixen grew frustrated with the sprt f water skiing, which required pulling by a mtr bat.
“He used t wait fr fur hurs in line t d three laps arund the lake, ” explained Allan Wldarczyk, the manager f Ski Rixen USA．He added that riding five minutes and waiting anther fur hurs sparked Rixen’s idea f cable parks. Rather than relying n a bat, Rixen cnsidered his wn cable way. He als designed skis and set up a pwer surce.
“The first cable was actually an ld farm tractr,” Wldarczyk said. “Rixen tk the wheels ff, attached sme rpes t the wheel disks, and started pulling peple back and frth arund the lake.” Over the years, Rixen imprved his design and earned several patents. He pened the wrld’s first cmmercial cable water park in 1966 in Benidrm, Spain.
The sprt grew frm entertainment t internatinal cntests. Rixen died in 2020, but his idea has taken hld arund the wrld. Tday, there are mre than 500 cable water parks n different cntinents. Typically, the cable tws riders at a speed f abut 20 miles per hur.
But fr beginners, wh can take lessns, the speed is abut 15 miles per hur.
Ski Rixen USA als ffers riding pprtunities and events t peple with special needs t ski effrtlessly. “We have a specially designed ski, called a sit ski,” Wldarczyk said. “It’s a larger bard with a lt f surface area. The riders are cmpletely seated in the water and dn’t actually have t hld nt the rpe.”
13．What des the underlined wrd “brainchild” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Idea.B．Area.C．BirthplaceD．Destinatin
14．What did Wldarczyk mainly intend t tell us in paragraph 3?
A．Hw Rixen prtected the lake.
B．Hw Rixen set up a pwer surce.
C．Hw much Rixen liked water skiing.
D．Hw Rixen created his cable water park.
15．In what way is Rixen the pineer f the cable water park?
A．He brught fun t visitrs. B．He invented a cable tractr.
C．He turned it int a business. D．He made cables travel fastest.
16．What d we knw abut the sit ski?
A．It is easy t ride.B．It runs extremely quickly.
C．It ffers a narrw bard.D．It is dangerus fr the riders.
词汇积累
5. Plant bilgists have fund a way that may enable pr farmers t d away with the need t purchase expensive hybrid seeds every year. Researchers at the University f Califrnia reprt that they have slved a lng-standing prblem f hybrid seeds by making exact clnes f the hybrid plants frm seeds.
Fr lng, many crps have been grwn frm high-yielding, anti-disease r climate-tlerant hybrid seeds. But the seeds f hybrid crps d nt prduce plants with the same qualities during reprductin and hence farmers cannt save the seeds fr the next grwing seasn. They end up paying fr new hybrid seeds each swing seasn. The discvery, lng sught by plant researchers, culd make it easier t grw desirable high-yielding crps and make them available t the wrld’s farmers. Farmers culd thus replant seeds frm their wn hybrid plants and enjy the benefits f high prductin year after year, the scientists reprt.
While the discvery wuld help farmers, it wuld als impact the cmmercial interest f the hybrid seed industry. Siddiq, a frmer Deputy Directr General in the Crp Science Divisin f the ICAR, said at first sight, this might seem like a setback fr hybrid seed cmpanies but there wuld be plenty f things they can still d. “Rice is grwn ver such a vast climatic and gegraphical range that specialized hybrids wuld have t be develped fr each regin,” he said. The cmpanies, he said, wuld cntinue t imprve their hybrids. “It will be interesting t see hw all this plays ut in the years t cme.”
Currently, the high csts f prducing hybrid seeds are a majr barrier t farmers in develping cuntries, especially Suth Asia and Africa. Siddiq said if efficiently used, this methd culd ptentially be a game-changer fr pr farmers, wh wuld need t purchase hybrid seeds just nce and plant the prgeny(后代) seeds frm their wn harvest in the fllwing seasns.
17．What prblem d the researchers aim t slve?
A．Farmers’ incme.B．Farmers’ csts.
C．Hybrid seeds’ clning.D．Hybrid seeds’ climate tlerance.
18．What is the disadvantage f the present hybrid seeds?
A．They have a pretty lng grwth cycle.
B．They tend t be affected by varius diseases.
C．They have stricter requirements fr swing time.
D．They fail t reprduce plants with the same quality.
19．What’s Siddiq’s attitude t the cmmercial interests f the hybrid seed industry?
A．Hpeful.B．Cncerned.C．Dubtful.D．Anxius.
20．What is the main idea f the text?
A．The future f the hybrid seed industry.
B．The drawback f clning hybrid seeds.
C．A methd f clning hybrid plants frm their seeds.
D．A means f prmting the specialized hybrid seeds.
词汇积累
bare feet _________________
prcess v. ______________
psitive scial cnnectins _________________
name…after…___________
be addicted t _______________
mental health disrder __________
turn up ______________
cnduct interviews ____________
cnvincing ______________
advcate n. ______________
address health issues ___________
favrable _________________
eye-catching ________________
set…in mtin ______________
expansin _______________
cntractin ______________
absrb _______________
tend t d _______________
precisely ________________
rbit _________________
nutrient _______________
restre ______________
reactive ________________
functin ________________
transfrm _____________
threat ______________
generate _______________
be addicted t _______________
quit ________________
cstly ________________
addictin _______________
addict _____________
namely _______________
decline ________________
reward _____________
lng fr________________
distributin ________________
cnstantly ________________
device _______________
side effects _________________
cmmit ________________
stimulate ________________
fragile _______________
wrking efficiency ____________
sensibility ______________
bjective _______________
critical ________________
supprtive ______________
frustrated _________________
spark the idea ________________
attach ______________
back and frth _______________
cmmercial _______________
cable _______________
typically _____________
effrtlessly _______________
bilgist _____________
d away with ______________
purchase _____________
climate-tlerant ______________
hence _____________
desirable _____________
reprductin _____________
cmmercial _____________
at first sight ______________
setback _____________
specialize _______________
currently _______________
barrier _______________
efficiently _______________
ptentially ______________
tlerance ______________
requirement _______________
drawback ______________