高二英语寒假培优练习寒假作业03 非谓语动词作定语、状语和宾补（2份，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份高二英语寒假培优练习寒假作业03 非谓语动词作定语、状语和宾补（2份，原卷版+解析版），文件包含高二英语寒假培优练习寒假作业03非谓语动词作定语状语和宾补原卷版docx、高二英语寒假培优练习寒假作业03非谓语动词作定语状语和宾补解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共27页， 欢迎下载使用。
积累运用
一. 非谓语动词的时态和语态
二. 非谓语动词在句中可充当定语、状语以及宾补情况
注意：
1. 现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别.
现在分词作定语，表示”主动或进行”；过去分词作定语，表示“被动或完成”。
The huse built 50 years ag will be pulled dwn sn.
50多年前被建的这个房子将被拆毁。(the huse与build构成被动关系)
The wrkers building the huse stpped fr a rest.
建造房子的工人们停下来休息休息。（the wrkers与build构成主动关系）
不定式作定语，表“将来发生的动作”
The huse t be built will becme an ffice building sn.
将被建造的这个房子将成为办公楼。（the huse与build构成被动关系，又表示将来的动作）
2. 现在分词、过去分词和不定式作状语的区别
现在分词作状语，表示”主动或进行”；过去分词作状语，表示“被动或完成”；不定式作状语，表示目的。
Seen frm space, the earth lks blue. =When it is seen frm space, the earth lks blue.
当从太空看时，地球是蓝色的。(see与the earth构成被动关系，作时间状语)
Seeing the earth frm space, we will find it blue. =When we see the earth frm space, we’ll find it blue.
当从太空看地球时，我们发现它是蓝色的。（see与we构成主动关系，作时间状语）
He stayed in the lab, devting himself t ding research. = He stayed in the lab, and devted himself t ding research. 他待在实验室里，专注于做研究。(he与devte neself t构成主动关系，作伴随状语)
He stayed in the lab, devted t ding research. = He stayed in the lab, and was devted t ding research.
他待在实验室里，专注于做研究。(he与be devted t构成被动关系，作伴随状语)
T devte himself t ding research, he stayed in the lab day and night.
为了专注于做研究，他夜以继日得在实验室里待着。（不定式t devte neself t ding research作状语，表示“目的”）
3. 现在分词、过去分词和不定式作宾补的区别
（1）”感官动词”+宾语+宾补
I heard him kncking at the dr.
我听见他一直敲门。(宾语him与knck构成主动关系，表示持续不断的动作)
I heard him criticized by his bss.
我听见被老板批评。（宾语him与criticize构成被动关系）
I heard him clse the dr and g away.
我听见他关门走了。（宾语him与省略t的不定式clse the dr, g away构成主动关系，表示一个过程的结束）
感官动词包括see, hear, watch, bserve, ntice等
（2）“使役动词”+宾语+宾补
I had the partner pst the letter.
我让我的搭档邮寄这封信。（宾语the partner与宾补pst构成主动关系）
I had the letter psted by the partner.
我让我的搭档邮寄这封信。（宾语the letter与pst构成被动关系）
I had the water running, causing waste.
我让水一直流淌着。（宾语the water与run构成主动关系，且表示持续不断的动作）
使役动词包括have, get, make, keep, leave等
（3）with +宾语+宾补
With Teachers’ Day appraching, the classmates expressed their thanks and wishes t the teachers.
随着教师节的来临，同学们纷纷表达对老师的感谢和祝福。（Teachers’ Day与apprach构成主动关系，作时间状语）
I sat in the rm fr several minutes, with my eyes fixed n the ceiling.
我坐在屋子里几分钟，眼睛盯着天花板。(my eyes与fix n构成被动关系，作伴随状语)
With a lt f wrk t d, he refused the invitatin t the party.
有很多工作要做，他拒绝了去晚会的邀请。（a lt f wrk与d构成被动关系，但表示“将要”，所以用不定式，作原因状语）
根据括号内所给的词完成句子
1. ____________ (ccupy) himself in translating bks all the time, he has n time t g camping with his family.
【答案】Occupying
【详解】考查现在分词作原因状语。句意为“因为他一直忙于翻译书籍，他没有时间和家人去露营。句子主语he和ccupy之间是主动关系，是现在分词作原因状语。故答案为Occupying himself in translating bks all the time, he has n time t g camping with his family。
2. ___________ (face) with a lt f prblems, the manager was having a hard time.
【答案】Faced
【详解】考查非谓语动词作原因状语。句意：经理的日子很不好过，因为他面临着很多问题。be faced with表示”面对“ ，与句子的主语the manager构成被动关系，所以用过去分词短语faced with a lt f prblems作状语，位于句首的单词首字母大写，所以填Faced。
3. The experts _____________ (invite) t the meeting sn are prfessrs frm bth hme and abrad.
【答案】t be invited
【详解】考查不定式的被动态作定语，表示将要发生的动作。句意：不久要应邀参加会议的专家是来自国内外的教授。作experts的后置定语，是将来被邀请，因此用不定式的被动语态t be invited作experts的后置定语，所以填t be invited。
4. Many f the students ____________ (hpe) t enter the university will be disappinted because nly ne third f them will be accepted.
【答案】hping
【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：许多希望进入大学的学生都会失望，因为他们中只有三分之一会被录取。动词hpe和students之间是主动关系，故可用其现在分词作后置定语。所以填hping。
5. The cnclusins ______________ (present) in that bk state that mst f the autmbiles have sme defects.
【答案】presented
【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：在那本书中提出的结论表明，大多数汽车都有一些缺陷。根据提示可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语。动词present意为“展示”，和主语cnclusins构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。所以填presented。
6. _____________(cnvince) that Li Hua has the ability t d the jb，I am writing t recmmend him t yu.
【答案】Cnvinced
【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：因为我相信李华有能力做这项工作，所以我写信向您推荐他。根据提示用非谓语动词作状语， cnvince与句子的主语I是被动关系，be cnvinced表示“相信”，故用过去分词作状语，后接that引导的宾语从句，所以填cnvinced。
7. ______________ (suffer) frm cancer fr many years, the sufferer decided t give up smking.
【答案】Having suffered
【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：他患癌症已有多年了。病人决定戒烟。根据题干要求，原句中的主语是he和the sufferer为同一个人，同时suffer的动作发生于decide的动作之前，he和suffer之间是主动关系，故应该使用现在分词完成式的结构作状语。同时设空处置于句首，首字母单词应该大写，所以填Having suffered。
8. I suppse I can get a gd mark which will enable me ________(enter) my ideal cllege.
【答案】t enter
【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：我想我能取得一个好成绩，这将使我能够进入理想的大学。
enable sb. t d 为固定搭配，意为 “使某人做某事”，空格处应该用动词不定式作宾语补足语。所以填 t enter。
9. The questin kept me ___________ (cnsider) my future career fr the rest f the night.
【答案】cnsidering
【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：这个问题让我整晚都在思考我未来的职业规划。keep sb. ding sth.表示“使某人一直做某事”使固定句型，且和宾语me构成主动关系，所以填cnsidering。
10. When she lked arund, she nticed a man ________ (put) his hand int a passenger’s pcket. She rushed t stp it in time.
【答案】putting
【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：当她环顾四周时，她注意到一个男人正把手伸进一个乘客的口袋里。她冲过去及时制止了他。句中ntice为感官动词，ntice +宾语+宾补，此处宾语a man与宾补put表示主动关系且进行着，所以用现在分词作宾补，所以填putting。
11. The by was caught _______________ (cheat) in the examinatin last week.
【答案】cheating
【详解】考查非谓语动词作补语。句意：这个男孩上周考试作弊被抓住了。因为catch sb. ding为固定结构，表示“抓住某人正在做某事”，此处sb.作主语，表示被动态， sb.+be caught +ding,表示“某人被抓住正在做某事”，所以用现在分词cheating作补语，所以填cheating。
12. After the ambulance arrived, they instantly had the injured ___________ (send) t the hspital.
【答案】sent
【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：救护车到达后，他们立即把伤员送往医院。此处have+宾语+宾补，当宾语与宾补成被动关系时，用过去分词。此句中的宾语the injured与send构成被动关系，表示“伤员被送到医院”，所以填sent。
13. With mre imprtance ________ (attach) t traditinal culture these years, hanfu has becme increasingly ppular.
【答案】attached
【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：近年来，随着人们对传统文化的重视，汉服越来越受欢迎。with+宾语+宾补，with的复合结构中，宾语为mre imprtance，短语attach imprtance t 表示“认为…重要”，attach与mre imprtance构成动宾关系。在with的复合结构中，宾语为mre imprtance，与attach成被动关系，所以填attached。
14．The freigner tried t make himself ___________(understand), but failed.
【答案】understd
【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：那个外国人试图别人听懂他的话，但没有成功。句中make结构为make+宾语+宾补，宾补形式可以是省略t的不定式，或者过去分词dne。句中宾语himself,与宾补understand为被动关系，所以填understd。
15. With all the prblems_________(slve), they went hme happily.
【答案】slved
【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：所有问题都解决了，他们高高兴兴地回家了。此处考查with的复合结构，with+宾语+宾补，句中的宾语all the prblems,与宾补slve，构成被动关系且动作已完成，所以填slved。
16. _____________(lcate) in the suth f the city, the museum cvers an area f 2.000 square metres.
【答案】lcated
【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：博物馆位于城市的南部。这个博物馆占地面积2000平方米。lcate的含义为“定位”，句子的主语为the museum，与lcate构成被动关系，the museum is lcated…表示“博物馆位于……”，所以填Lcated。
17. ______________ (determine) t imprve his English, he spared n effrt t practice speaking English.
【答案】Determined
【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：决定提升英语，所以他不遗余力地练习说英语。下定决心做某事be determined t d, 句子的主语he，与determine构成被动关系，所以填Determined。
18. _______________(cmpare) with Prfessr Yung, I still have a lng way t g.
【答案】Cmpared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果把我和杨教授相比，我还有很长的路要走。cmpare的结构为cmpare A with B, cmpare为及物动词，句子的主语为I, 此处I 与cmpare成被动关系，所以填Cmpared。
19. All freigners ____________ (live) in this cuntry have been asked t register with the plice.
【答案】living
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：所有已经在这个国家居住的外国人都被要求向警方登记。live in this cuntry修饰all freigners，和逻辑主语freigners之间是主动关系，用现在分词，作后置定语，所以填living。
20.____________(bury) in the bk, I didn’t ntice him cme in.
【答案】Buried
【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：我埋头看书，所以没注意到他。bury用法为be buried in…，句子的主语I与bury构成被动关系，所以填Buried。
一、阅读理解
A
A yung Jewish girl begins a diary just as Wrld War II is abut t break ut in Eurpe. She recrds the details f her daily life. Eventually, the diary cmes t a heartbreaking end with the girl sht t death by the Nazis. Hwever, it’s nt the stry f Anne Frank. This is Renia’s Diary, a jurnal that spent decades stred away in a safe bx. Nw it’s cming ff the press with the help f Renia’s niece and sister.
Fr a lng time, Elizabeth Bellak didn’t even knw that her lder sister Renia had kept a diary as a teenager in Pland. She was ttally stunned that ne day in her 50s, smene brught the diary t her. She began t read, but culdn’t get very far —the task prved t painful. Therefre, she just put it in the basement and didn’t think abut it.
Alexandra Renia Bellak, Elizabeth’s daughter, wh was named after her aunt, grew up knwing abut the lcked diary. As getting lder, she became mre interested in it. “If I culd read this diary, maybe I’ll unearth (揭露) sme things frm the past,” she thught.
Finally, Alexandra gt the diary frm its hiding place. She turned shcked after reading the first few pages. “It’s the descriptin f a wnderful, intelligent girl wh shwed great curage in dire circumstances. My aunt’s wrld cmes t life as the diary shifts between the daily cncerns f a teenage girl and the war.”
Elizabeth and Alexandra are thrilled that Renia’s diary has been published. “It is a stry that needs t be heard nw mre than ever. We shuld never repeat the same types f racism (种族主义) and prejudice and hate that lead t active vilence,” Alexandra says.
1．Why was Renia’s Diary unknwn t the wrld fr s many years?
A．Alexandra was t afraid t read it.
B．It was lst in the war and n ne fund it.
C．The stry is nt as famus as Anne Frank’s.
D．Elizabeth was emtinally stricken and hid the diary.
2．What des the underlined wrd “dire” mean in Paragraph 4?
A．Certain. B．Serius. C．Mysterius. D．Crucial.
3．Why was Alexandra s interested in Renia’s Diary?
A．She was quite interested in Wrld War II.
B．She wanted t cmfrt her srrwful mther.
C．She wndered what had happened t her aunt.
D．She planned t publish her aunt’s dairy in the future.
4．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．Renia’s Diary cming ff the press.B．Renia’s miserable life and her diary.
C．A girl fighting against the racism and hate.D．The stry f a Jewish family in Wrld War II.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述二战时期一个女孩的日记，日记记载了女孩生活的细节，这本日记在这个女孩妹妹和外甥女的帮助下将会被出版，为大家所周知。
1．细节理解题。 根据第二段“She began t read, but culdn’t get very far —the task prved t painful. Therefre, she just put it in the basement and didn’t think abut it.(她开始读，但读不了多远——事实证明这项任务太痛苦了。因此，她只是把它放在地下室，没有考虑它。)”可知，Renia的日记这么多年来不为世人所知是因为伊丽莎白情绪激动，把日记藏了起来。故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据第一段“A yung Jewish girl begins a diary just as Wrld War II is abut t break ut in Eurpe. She recrds the details f her daily life. Eventually, the diary cmes t a heartbreaking end with the girl sht t death by the Nazis.(就在第二次世界大战即将在欧洲爆发之际，一个年轻的犹太女孩开始写日记。她记录下她日常生活的细节。最终，日记以一个令人心碎的结局告终，女孩被纳粹枪杀。)”和倒数第二段“It’s the descriptin f a wnderful, intelligent girl wh shwed great curage(这是对一个出色的、聪明的、表现出巨大勇气的女孩的描述)”可知，日记里描述的是战争时候的情况，女孩最终被纳粹杀了，可见当时的情况是很严重的，划线词dire的意思是“严重的”，和serius意思相近，故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“As getting lder, she became mre interested in it. “If I culd read this diary, maybe I’ll unearth (揭露) sme things frm the past,” she thught.(随着年龄的增长，她对它越来越感兴趣。“如果我能读到这本日记，也许我能发现一些过去的事情，”她想。)”可知，Alexandra对Renia的日记如此感兴趣是因为她想知道发生在她姨妈身上的事情，故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“This is Renia’s Diary, a jurnal that spent decades stred away in a safe bx. Nw it’s cming ff the press with the help f Renia’s niece and sister.(这是Renia的日记，一本在保险箱里保存了几十年的日记。现在，在Renia的外甥女和妹妹的帮助下，这本书即将出版。)”可知，本文主要讲的是二战时期一个女孩的日记，日记记载了女孩生活的细节，这本日记在这个女孩妹妹和外甥女的帮助下将会被出版，为大家所周知，因此最好的标题是A选项“Renia’s Diary cming ff the press.(Renia的日记即将出版。)”。故选A。
B
The year 2114 will be an eventful ne fr art. In May f that year in Berlin, the philspher-artist Jnathn Keats’ “century cameras” — cameras with a 100-year-lng expsure (曝光) time — will be brught back frm hiding places arund the city t have their results develped and exhibited. Six mnths after that, the Future Library in Osl, Nrway, will start t welcme its guests, presenting 100 bks printed n the wd f trees planted in the distant past f 2014. As Katie Patersn, the creatr f the Future Library, puts it: “Future Library is an artwrk fr future generatins.”
These prjects, mre than a century in the making, are part f a new wave f “slw art” intended t push viewers and participants t think beynd their wn lifetimes. They aim t challenge tday’s shrt-term thinking and the brief attentin spans f mdern cnsumers, frcing peple int cnsidering wrks mre deliberately. In their way, t, they are fighting against mdern culture — nt just regarding mney, but als the way in which artistic wrth is measured by attentin.
In a similar fashin, every April n Slw Art Day, visitrs are encuraged t stare at five wrks f art fr 10 minutes at a time — a tugh task fr the average museum visitr, wh typically spends less than 30 secnds n each piece f art.
Like the Future Library, the century cameras are very much a prject fr cities, since it’s in cities that time runs fastest and the pace f life is fastest. “Since I started living in a city, I’ve smehw been quite discnnected,” Anne Beate Hvind, the Future Library prject manager, wh described hw wrking n the library drew her back t the pace f life she knew when she was grwing up n a farm in her yuth, tld The Atlantic magazine.
5．Accrding t the first paragraph, what will happen in 2114?
A．The wd f trees planted in 2014 will be made int bks.
B．The Future Library will be pen t the public fr the first time.
C．A camera which was prduced 100 years ag will be exhibited.
D．A bk abut phts with a 100-year expsure time will cme ut.
6．What can we learn abut tday’s peple when they admire wrks f art?
A．They ignre wrks f mdern culture deliberately. B．They spend nly a little time in admiring artwrks.
C．They seldm pay attentin t the price f artwrks. D．They fcus t much n artistic wrth f artwrks.
7．What is the purpse f the wave f slw art?
A．T preserve wrks f art fr a lnger time.
B．T prmte wrks f art fr mdern culture.
C．T advcate creating wrks f art mre slwly.
D．T encurage peple t cnsider wrks f art mre deliberately.
8．Hw des Anne Beate Hvind feel abut the city life?
A．Cnvenient. B．Cmpetitive. C．Efficient. D．Busy.
【答案】5．B 6．B 7．D 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过列举2114年的一些艺术活动，介绍旨在于鼓励人们更多地关注艺术作品的慢速艺术。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“The year 2114 will be an eventful ne fr art. In May f that year in Berlin, the philspher-artist Jnathn Keats’ “century cameras”— cameras with a 100-year-lng expsure(曝光) time— will be brught back frm hiding places arund the city t have their results develped and exhibited. Six mnths after that, the Future Library in Osl, Nrway, will start t welcme its guests, presenting 100 bks printed n the wd f trees planted in the distant past f 2014. (2114年对艺术来说将是不平凡的一年。同年5月，在柏林，哲学家兼艺术家Jnathn Keats的‘世纪相机’—— 曝光时间长达100年的相机——将从城市的各个隐蔽之处被带回来，进行拍摄和展出。六个月后，挪威奥斯陆的未来图书馆将开始欢迎它的客人，展示100本印在遥远的2014年种植的树木上的书。)”可知，曝光时间为100年的照片将被冲洗出来并展出，未来图书馆将首次向公众开放，并将展出用2014年种植的树木的木材印刷的书籍。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“They aim t challenge tday’s shrt-term thinking and the brief attentin spans f mdern cnsumers, frcing peple int cnsidering wrks mre deliberately. In their way, t, they are fighting against mdern culture — nt just regarding mney, but als the way in which artistic wrth is measured by attentin.(他们的目标是挑战当今的短期思维和现代消费者的短暂注意力，迫使人们更慎重地考虑作品。他们也在用自己的方式与现代文化作斗争——不仅仅是在金钱方面，还包括用关注来衡量艺术价值的方式。)”可知，“慢艺术”挑战当今的短期思维和现代消费者的短暂注意力，让人们更慎重地考虑作品，与现代文化中的金钱与衡量艺术价值的方式作斗争；结合第三段中“In a similar fashin, every April n Slw Art Day, visitrs are encuraged t stare at five wrks f art fr 10 minutes at a time — a tugh task fr the average museum visitr, wh typically spends less than 30 secnds n each piece f art.(每年4月的慢艺术日也以类似的方式，鼓励参观者一次花10分钟时间盯着5件艺术品看——这对一般的博物馆参观者来说是一项艰巨的任务，他们通常在每件艺术品上花不到30秒的时间。)”可推知，现代人在欣赏艺术时花费的时间很少。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据第二段中“These prjects, mre than a century in the making, are part f a new wave f “slw art” intended t push viewers and participants t think beynd their wn lifetimes. They aim t challenge tday’s shrt-term thinking and the brief attentin spans f mdern cnsumers, frcing peple int cnsidering wrks mre deliberately. (这些项目历时一个多世纪，是新一波‘慢艺术’的一部分，旨在推动观众和参与者超越自己的一生进行思考。他们的目标是挑战当今的短期思维和现代消费者的短暂注意力，迫使人们更慎重地考虑作品。)”可知，慢艺术旨在挑战现代消费者的短期思维和短暂的注意力，迫使人们更慎重地考虑作品，鼓励人们更多地关注艺术作品。故选D。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Like the Future Library, the century cameras are very much a prject fr cities, since it’s in cities that time runs fastest and the pace f life is fastest. “Since I started living in a city, I’ve smehw been quite discnnected,” Anne Beate Hvind, the Future Library prject manager, wh described hw wrking n the library drew her back t the pace f life she knew when she was grwing up n a farm in her yuth, tld The Atlantic magazine.(就像未来图书馆一样，世纪相机在很大程度上是一个城市项目，因为在城市里，时间流逝得最快，生活节奏也最快。‘自从我开始住在城市里，我就有点与世隔绝了，’未来图书馆项目经理Anne Beate Hvind在接受《大西洋月刊》杂志采访时描述了图书馆的工作是如何把她拉回到她年轻时在农场长大时所熟悉的生活节奏。)”可知，Anne Beate Hvind认为在城市里时间流逝得最快，生活节奏也最快；由此可知，Anne Beate Hvind认为城市生活是忙碌的。故选D。
二、完形填空
Tw girls living next dr t each ther have tw very different life stries.
Chi Zhen, an 18-year-ld preparatry (预科的) student in Seville, Spain, used his 9 t tell the stary f tw lives. Frm the 10 n me phts, we culd learn that they had inspired many peple t 11 that the future is in their wn hands.
He tk a series f 12 f his friends Vernica and Anna Maria. They live cmpletely 13 life styles and are getting ppsite results.
In the phts. Anna Maria. a Spanish girl, can be seen 14 a TV drama. “She spends mst f her 15 in frnt f her laptp,” says Chi. Anna Maria rarely ges ut 16 she thinks she’s nt attractive and desn’t knw 17 t say in scial situatins. She blames fate (命运). “I’m nt as lucky as Vernica,” she ften says.
But Vernica, the “lucky’ girl next dr, has 18 herself fur freign languages and travelled t many places. She ges t the 19 frequently, s her extensive knwledge and experience allw her t take part in any cnversatin and becme the center f 20 .
Lking at Vernica, it’s 21 that she’s taking cntrl f her fate. In rder t 22 with Chi Zhep better, she’s studying Chinese. Her experience has 23 Chi Zhen t mix with students frm all cuntries, and he’s getting gd results. “Althugh l learned abut s many different ideas and 24 , I still need sme time t get used t them,” he says.
The 25 f the phts has gne far beynd what Chi expected. One f the 26 cmmented n his phts n renren. cm, saying: “A wall separates tw wrlds, and the life we have 27 what we d. I’d rather 28 my fate nw than cmplain abut everything later.”
9．A．handB．cameraC．bkD．article
10．A．abilitiesB．experiencesC．memriesD．cmments
11．A．believeB．changeC．struggleD．cmpare
12．A．lvesB．relatinshipsC．phtsD．emtins.
13．A．sameB．differentC．interestingD．healthy
14．A．watchingB．sharingC．cpyingD．imitating
15．A．energyB．mneyC．fdD．time
16．A．whenB．whileC．becauseD．hw
17．A．whatB．whyC．whichD．when
18．A．masteredB．managedC．taughtD．enjyed
19．A．meeting rmB．libraryC．labratryD．classrm
20．A．encuragementB．inspiratinC．attentinD．amusement
21．A．bviusB．unluckyC．imprtantD．impssible
22．A．argueB．imprveC．tuchD．cmmunicate
23．A．madeB．encuragedC．rderedD．suggested
24．A．dreamsB．interestsC．attentinD．situatins
25．A．priceB．thughtC．explanatinD．influence
26．A．usersB．dctrsC．travellersD．drivers
27．A．takes nB．puts nC．depends nD．keeps n
28．A．wasteB．questinC．standD．grasp
【答案】
9．B 10．D 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D 16．C 17．A 18．C 19．B 20．C 21．A 22．D 23．B 24．D 25．D 26．A 27．C 28．D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。两个女孩是邻居，但命运迥异，从中告诉人们一个道理：未来掌握在自己手中，有什么样的行动就有什么样的生活。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：18岁的迟震是西班牙塞维利亚的一名预科生，他用相机讲述了两个人的生活。A. hand手；B. camera相机；C. bk书籍；D. article文章。根据后文“n me phts”可知，他用相机讲述了两个人的生活。故选B。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从对我照片的评论中，我们可以了解到，他们激励了许多人，让他们相信未来掌握在自己手中。A. abilities能力；B. experiences经历；C. memries记忆；D. cmments评论。根据后文“they had inspired many peple t 3 that the future is in their wn hands.”可知，指从照片的评论中了解到了照片激励了许多人。故选D。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从对我照片的评论中，我们可以了解到，他们激励了许多人，让他们相信未来掌握在自己手中。A. believe相信；B. change改变；C. struggle努力；D. cmpare比较。根据后文“that the future is in their wn hands”可知，“未来掌握在自己手中”是很多所相信。故选A。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他给他的朋友维罗妮卡和安娜·玛丽亚拍了一组照片。A. lves爱；B. relatinships关系；C. phts照片；D. emtins情绪。根据后文“In the phts”可知，他给他的朋友维罗妮卡和安娜·玛丽亚拍了一组照片。故选C。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们过着完全不同的生活方式，得到了相反的结果。A. same同样的；B. different不同的；C. interesting有趣的；D. healthy健康的。根据后文可知Anna Maria不爱社交，很少出门，而Vernica自学了四门外语，还去过很多地方，即不同的生活方式。故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这些照片中，可以看到安娜·玛丽亚，一个西班牙女孩，正在看电视剧。A. watching观看；B. sharing分享；C. cpying复制；D. imitating模仿。根据后文“a TV drama”指看电视剧，应用动词watch。故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“她大部分时间都坐在笔记本电脑前，”迟说。A. energy能量；B. mney金钱；C. fd食物；D. time时间。根据后文“Anna Maria rarely ges ut”可知，很少出门，大部分时间都坐在笔记本电脑前，故选D。
16．考查连词词义辨析。句意：安娜·玛丽亚很少出门，因为她认为自己没有吸引力，不知道在社交场合该说什么。A. when何时；B. while当……时候；C. because因为；D. hw如何。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故选C。
17．考查连词词义辨析。句意：安娜·玛丽亚很少出门，因为她认为自己没有吸引力，不知道在社交场合该说什么。A. what什么；B. why为什么；C. which哪一个；D. when何时。根据后文“t say in scial situatins”指不知道在社交场合该说什么，应用what。故选A。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是隔壁的“幸运”女孩维罗妮卡自学了四门外语，还去过很多地方。A. mastered掌握；B. managed设法；C. taught教学；D. enjyed欣赏。根据后文“herself fur freign languages”指她自学了四门外语，短语teach neself表示“自学”。故选C。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她经常去图书馆，所以她丰富的知识和经验使她能够参加任何谈话，成为人们关注的中心。A. meeting rm会议室；B. library图书馆；C. labratry实验室；D. classrm教室。根据后文“s her extensive knwledge”可知，知识丰富说明经常去图书馆。故选B。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她经常去图书馆，所以她丰富的知识和经验使她能够参加任何谈话，成为人们关注的中心。A. encuragement鼓励；B. inspiratin鼓舞；C. attentin注意力，关注；D. amusement娱乐。根据上文“allw her t take part in any cnversatin and becme the center f”可知，她丰富的知识和经验使她能够参加任何谈话，成为人们关注的中心。故选C。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看看维罗妮卡，很明显她正在掌控自己的命运。A. bvius显然的；B. unlucky不幸运的；C. imprtant重要的；D. impssible不可能的。根据后文“she’s taking cntrl f her fate”可知，维罗妮卡显然正在掌控自己的命运。故选A。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了和迟震更好的交流，她正在学习中文。A. argue争论；B. imprve改善；C. tuch触动；D. cmmunicate交流。根据后文“with Chi Zhep better, she’s studying Chinese”可知，学习中文是为了更好交流。故选D。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的经历鼓励迟震与来自世界各国的学生交往，他取得了不错的成绩。A. made制作；B. encuraged鼓励；C. rdered命令；D. suggested建议。根据后文“Chi Zhen t mix with students frm all cuntries, and he’s getting gd results”可知，她的经历鼓励迟震与来自世界各国的学生交往，他取得了不错的成绩。故选B。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“虽然我了解了很多不同的想法和情况，但我仍然需要一些时间来适应它们，”他说。A. dreams梦想；B. interests兴趣；C. attentin注意力；D. situatins情况。上文提到迟震与来自世界各国的学生交往，所以是了解了很多不同的想法和情况，故选D。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些照片的影响远远超出了迟的预期。A. price价格；B. thught想法；C. explanatin解释；D. influence影响。根据后文“f the phts has gne far beynd what Chi expected”以及网友的评论可知，这些照片的影响远远超出了迟的预期。故选D。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一名用户在人人网上评论了他的照片，他说：“一堵墙隔开了两个世界，我们的生活取决于我们的所作所为。”A. users用户；B. dctrs医生；C. travellers旅行者；D. drivers司机。根据后文“cmmented n his phts n renren.cm, saying”可知是人人网上的用户评论他的照片。故选A。
27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：其中一名用户在人人网上评论了他的照片，他说：“一堵墙隔开了两个世界，我们的生活取决于我们的所作所为。”A. takes n承担；B. puts n穿上；C. depends n依靠；D. keeps n继续。根据上文“A wall separates tw wrlds, and the life we have”以及上文提到的两个女孩的不同生活方式，可知我们的生活取决于我们的所作所为。故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我宁愿现在把握自己的命运，也不愿以后抱怨一切。A. waste浪费；B. questin质疑；C. stand站立；D. grasp抓住。根据后文“my fate nw than cmplain abut everything later”不愿以后抱怨，所以现在要把握命运，故选D。
拓展突破练
1. （2023全国甲卷 . 阅读理解A篇）The menu in this beautiful clnial huse includes traditinal Thai cuisine ____________ (cmbine) with mdern cking methds.
【答案】cmbined
【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：在这所漂亮的殖民时期的房子里的菜单中包括着与现代烹饪方法相结合的泰国菜肴。Thai cuisine为被修饰词，与cmbine成被动关系，cmbine用法为cmbine A with B, 所以此处应该用过去分词作定语，所以填cmbined。
2. (2023全国甲卷 . 语法填空)“There was nce a twn in the heart f America, where all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with its surrundings,” her fable begins, ____________ (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
【答案】brrwing
【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。
句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与brrw之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，所以填brrwing。
3. (2023全国甲卷 . 语法填空) Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message ____________ (intend) fr everyne.
【答案】intended
【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended fr打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式，所以填intended。
4.（2023全国乙卷 . 语法填空） Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng t ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully ___________ (build) system f ring rads.
【答案】built
【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里build为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system f ring rads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词，所以填built。
5. （2023全国乙卷 . 语法填空）_____________ (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I was amazed by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
【答案】Having visited
【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“ver the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。所以填Having visited。
6. (2023新课标全国II 卷 . 语法填空)They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t ___________ (visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme t check n the pandas, which are n lan frm China.
【答案】visiting
【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，visit与Chinese zkeepers成主动关系作定语。所以填visiting。
7. (2023北京卷.语法填空) She called fr actin t address the struggles f peple arund the wrld ____________(face) “t little water r t dirty water”.
【答案】facing
【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语peple构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，所以填facing。
8. (2023新课标全国I卷. 语法填空) Shanghai may be the ______________ (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng Ba’s birthplace.
【答案】recgnized
【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词hme前面作定语，recgnize与hme是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recgnized作定语，recgnized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，所以填recgnized。
9. (2023新课标全国I卷. 语法填空) Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them ___________ (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut allwing them tearing r spilling any f their cntents.
【答案】t be lifted
【详解】非谓语动词作宾补。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allw sb. t d sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift ut与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式t be lifted，所以填t be lifted。
10. N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is rarely enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left _____________ (want) mre next time.
【答案】wanting
【详解】考查非谓语动词作主语补足语。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。
形式
时态
主动
被动
动词ing
一般时
ding
being dne
完成时
having dne
having been dne
不定式
一般时
t d
t be dne
完成时
t have dne
t have been dne
进行时
t be ding
过去分词
表被动或完成
dne
形式
作定语
作状语
作宾补
ding
√
√
√
t d
√
√
√
dne
√
√
√