高考英语语法词汇专项突破：形容词、副词比较级要点精讲+巩固训练

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：形容词、副词比较级要点精讲+巩固训练，共12页。
【考点导航】
1. ---- Did yu enjy yurself at the party?
--- Yes. I’ve never been t _____ ne befre. (四川XXXX.27)
A. a mre excited B. the mst excited *C. a mre exciting D. the mre exciting
2. The mre I think abut him, the mre reasn I find fr lving him _____ I did. (湖南XXXX.31)
*A. as much as B. as lng as C. as sn as D. as far as
3. This washing machine is envirnmentally friendly because it used _____ water and electricity than _____ mdels. (北京XXXX.21)
*A. less; lder B. less; elder C. fewer; lder D. fewer; elder
4. What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing befre. It is _____ it is lng. (湖北XXXX.28)
A. half nt as wide as B. wide nt as half as
*C. nt half as wide as D. as wide as nt half
解析：
1.选C。根据句中的ne 代替party知道修饰物用exciting，排除A、B。题中的ne应该是泛指，因此用不定代词，故选C，用比较级形式表示最高级意义，句意是“我从来没有参加过这样让人激动的晚会”，暗示这次是最让人激动的晚会。
2. 选A。根据the mre… the mre句型的提示可知句子的意思是“我对他的考虑（回忆）”越多，就会发现越多深爱他的理由”，因此选A，as much as表示程度。
3. 选A。根据被修饰词water and electricity是不可数名词排除C、D；比较级lder的意思是“以前的，过去的，较老的”，elder的意思是“年长的, 资格老的”，因此选A。句意是“这种洗衣机是环保型洗衣机，因为较之老款洗衣机即省水又省电 ”。
4. 选C。本题考查比较级表示倍数关系。本题结构属于“倍数+as+原级+as+比较对象”。句意是“竟然有这样的餐桌，我以前从来没有见过。桌子的宽度还不到长度的一半”。
[考点突破]
英文中的形容词和副词一般都有三种级的形式即：原级（The Psitive Degree），比较级（The Cmparative Degree）和最高级（The Superlative Degree）。本文主要讲解形容词或副词的比较级形式，以便同学们更好地掌握。
一、原级变为比较级的几种形式
1、单音节词在后面直接加上-er构成； 以e结尾的直接加上-r；以辅音结尾且只有一个元音字母的双写辅音字母再加上-er。如：
hard—harder fast—faster late—later ht—htter
少数需要在原级前加上mre构成。如：fnd, glad, please, tired, calm等。
2、双音节词的比较级构成。
1）以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词去y为i，然后加上-er。如：
pretty—prettier happy—happier
2）以-er, -w, -le, -re, -sme结尾的双音节词，一般在词尾加上-er，本身以e结尾的直接加上-r。如：
clever—cleverer shallw—shallwer handsme—handsmer severe---severer
3）以-ful, -us, -able, -ive, -ing结尾的双音节词在前面加上mre构成比较级。如：
useful, famus, active, lvable等
3、有些词的比较级是不规则的。如：
bad/ill—wrse much/many—mre little—less well/gd—better
ld—lder（更老的）/elder （更年长）late—later（较迟的）/latter （更后的）
far—farther(更远的)/further （更远的/进一步的/更多的）
考例1：(北京春招XXXX.19) many peple have helped with canned fd, hwever, the fd bank needs _____ fr the pr.
*A. mre B. much C. many D. mst
考例2：(江西XXXX.35) I dn’t think this film is by far the mst bring. I’ve seen ____.
A. better *B. wrse C. the best D. the wrst
二、比较级的基本用法和构成形式
1、表示“A＝B”用“as+ 原级+as”。如：
He can run as fast as I can. 他能跑得和我一样快。
考例1：(NMET94.28) He plays ftball ______, if nt better than, David.
A. as well *B. as well as C. s well D. s well as
考例2：（NMETXXXX.28）It’s generally believed that teaching is _________ it is a science.
A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as *D. as much an art as
点拨：在“as + adj. + a (an) +单数名词＋as…” 的比较级结构中，a或an不可放在形容词之前，本句意思是“人们普遍认为教学既是一门科学，又是一门艺术。故选D。
2、表示“A＜B”用“nt s/as+ 原级+as”，其中的s不用于肯定句中。如：
His MP3 is nt s/as gd as mine.他的MP3没有我的好。
考例：(上海XXXX)He speaks English well indeed, but f curse nt _____ a native speaker.
A. as fluent as B. mre fluent than
*C. s fluently as D. much fluently than
3、表示“A＞B”用“比较级+than…”，如：
Mary sings better than anyne else in the class. 玛丽比班上任何人唱得都好。
He is mre cncerned abut thers than abut himself.
他对别人的关心胜过关心自己。
考例：(NMETXXXX. II.14) --- Did yu take enugh mney with yu?
--- N, I needed ____ I thught I wuld.
A. nt s much as B. as much as *C. much mre than D. much less than
在as … as 的结构中，我们还常见这样两种句型：as much + 不可数名词 + as 和as many + 复数可数名词 + as 。例如：
She spread as much butter n her bread as Jane usually des.
她在面包上涂的黄油与琼通常涂的一样多。
He has learned as many English wrds as his brther (has ) .
他已学了和他哥哥一样多的英文单字。
三、比较级表示最高级形式
1、将一个人或是一件事与其他所有的人或事相比较时，常在比较状语中用any ,ther , else类的字眼，以将比较主体排除在比较对象以外，因为自己不可以与自己相比较。例如：
He is taller than anyne else in ur class. 他在我们班比其他任何都高。
Irn is mre useful than any ther metals. 铁比其他任何金属更有作用。
2、通过比较级的否定形式表示最高级。用“never/nt…+a+adj+单数名词”表示没有与之相比的对象，从而体现出最高级意义。
考例1：(NMET1996.11) Hw beautifully she sings! I have never heard ______.
A. the better vice B. a gd vice C. the best vice *D. a better vice
句意是：她唱得很美，我从来没有听过这么好听的歌声/我从来没有听过比她唱的还好听的歌声。由此可以推断他的声音是我所听到的到目前为止最好听的声音。
考例2：(江西XXXX.21) --- Shall I give yu a ride as yu live s far away?
--- Thank yu. ______.
*A. It culdn’t be better B. Of curse yu can C. If yu like D. It’s up t yu
考例3：(XXXX.27) Bris has brains. In fact, I dubt whether anyne in the class has _____IQ.
A. a high *B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest
点拨：anyne in the class与Bris相比较，须用比较级；the higher表示“两者之中较……那个”，是特指，a higher表示泛指。题意：Bris 很聪明，而事实上我怀疑班上是否还有人拥有更高的智商，故选B。
四、比较级的修饰词和冠词问题
（一）比较级的修饰词
可在比较级前加表示程度的状语表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量，如：even，a lt，a bit，a little，still，much，far, by far, a great deal, rather, three times …等。根据句子的意思可以译作“更、非常、很”等，其中a bit，a little意思是“稍微，有点”。如：
This bk is far mre interesting than that ne. 这本书比那一本有趣多了。
Yu've been wrking much harder than I have. 你一直比我工作得努力多了。
考例1：(上海XXXX.34) Yu’re standing t near the camera. Can yu mve ____?
A. a bit far *B. a little farther C. a bit f farther D. a little far
考例2：(江苏XXXX.33) I wish yu’d d _____ talking and sme mre wrk. Thus things will becme better.
*A. a bit less B. any less C. much mre D. a little mre
点拨：A bit= a little用于修饰比较级，根据题意应该选择“更少一点”。句意是“我希望你能少说一点，多做一些，这样情况会更好”。故选A。
注意:by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面, 如放在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。
She is taller by far than her brther. 或：She is by far the taller f the tw sisters.
（二）比较级中的冠词问题
比较级作表语或状语通常不用冠词，但是作定语时要根据情况使用不定冠词或定冠词。
考例：(上海XXXX.35) Greenland, ____ island in the wd, cvers ver tw millin square kilmeters.
A. it is the largest B. that is the largest C. is the largest *D. the largest
考例：（MET1994）If there were n examinatins, we shuld have ______ at schl.
A. the happiest time B. a mre happier time
C. much happiest time *D. a much happier time
五、没有比较级形式的形容词
某些以-r结尾的形容词进行比较时，用t代替than。如superir，junir，senir，majr, minr, inferir等。
He is superir t Mr Wang in mathematics．
His jb is t give instructins t peple junir t him. 他的职责是指导职位在他之下的人。
He preferred the cmpany f thse wh were intellectually inferir t himself. 他喜欢与那些智力不如他的人为伍。
I must admit that in Sydney in 2000, I thught ur bat was inferir t ur cmpetitrs' bats. 我必须承认，2000年在悉尼时，我曾经想过我们的船不如对手的船好。
My brther is senir/junir t me by tw years. 家兄比我年长/小两岁。
Tgether the team may then prduce smething new, unique and superir t that f any ne member. 这样，团队就可以一起创造出一些新的、独特的、优于任何一个成员的单独成果的东西。
六、被比较的对象要有对等性
在比较级中，所列出的比较对象应该是平行的，不同类之间通常不具有可比性，比较级应该是同类之间才具有可比性，注意比较对象之间的平行关系。在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用that(thse)，ne(nes)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词；ne既可指人，也可指物，只能代替可数名词。thse代替复数名词。例如：
The bk n the table is mre interesting than that n the desk．
A bx made f irn is strnger than ne made f wd．
The ppulatin f China is larger than that f any ther cuntry.
分析：中国是世界人口做多的国家。（其中的that代替前面的ppulatin，不可以用“中国的人口数”与 “其它任何国家”进行比较，因为人口数和国家不是同一个概念，不具有可比性。）
考例：(上海XXXX)The directr gave me a better ffer than ______.
A. that f Dick’s B. Dick’s C. he gave Dick D. thse f Dick
七、失去比较意义的比较级
有的比较结构实际上没有比较对象，并非真正的比较，这与比较对象省略不同。例如：
The car runs faster than 110 miles. 那辆车时速为110多英里。
There is mre than ne slutin t the prblem. 这个问题的解决办法不止一个。
The daily cst in an average hspital in the United States can run as high as $250.
在美国普通医院的每天的费用可高达250美元。
另外还有一些比较级有非比较意义，如：as far as（就…而言）, as sn as（一…就…）, as/s lng as（只要…就…）, as gd as（实际上相当于...）, as well as“也，又”等。
考例1：(安徽XXXX) Jhn is the tallest by in the class ____ accrding t himself.
A. five ft eight as tall as *B. as tall as five ft eight
C. as five ft eight tall as D. as tall five ft eight as
考例2：(上海XXXX.33) --- Hw far apart d they live?
--- _____ I knw, they live in the same neighburhd.
A. As lng as *B. As far as C. As well as D. As ften as
考例3： (北京XXXX.31) ______ I knw the mney is safe, I shall nt wrry abut it.
A. Even thugh B. Unless *C. As lng as D. While
点拨：As lng as“只要…就…”，引导条件状语从句。
考例4：(XXXX.35) _____ I can see, there is nly ne pssible way t keep away frm the danger.
A. As lng as *B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if
点拨：As far as I can see的意思是“依我看”。
八、比较级与倍数表达法
表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:
1、A is three (fur, etc.) times as big (high, lng, wide, deep, larger, etc.) as B.
前一个as是副词，修饰形容词或副词的原级，而后一个as是连词，引导比较状语从句，表示两倍可以用 twice 或 duble。
考例1：(上海XXXX.31) The huse rent is expensive. I’ve gt abut half the space I had at hme and I am paying ____ here.
A. as three times much B. as much three times
C. much as three times *D. three times as much
考例2：(上海春招XXXX.39) Americans eat ____ vegetables per persn tday as they did in 1910.
A. mre than twice B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as *D. mre than twice as many
2、A is three (fur,etc.) times bigger (higher, lnger, wider) than B.
典例：Yur schl is three times bigger than urs.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
3、A is three (fur,etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc) f B.
句型中冠词不可以省掉，由于size /length/ width/ depth等名词有其自己对应的形容词形式，因此可以与表达法1进行句型转换。the size (length/ width/ depth/height/weight/ amunt…) + f + B也可以用“形容物主性代词+名词”或“名词+定语从句”的形式。
考例1：(上海XXXX) At a rugh estimate, Nigeria is _____ Great Britain.
A. three times the size f B. the size three times f
C. three times as the size f *D. three times the size f
考例2：(北京XXXX) He did it _______ it tk me.
A. ne- third a time B. ne-third time C. the ne-third time *D. ne-third the time
九、含有比较级的特定结构
（一）含有比较级的固定短语
Sner r later意思是“迟早”, wrse still（what’s wrse, t make things/ matters wrse）“更糟的是”, what’s mre“而且”, mre r less“或多或少”, less than“少于”, n mre/nt any mre“不再（强调数量）”, n lnger/nt any lnger“不再（强调时间）”,
考例1：(浙江XXXX014) Maggie has been frtunate t find a jb she lves and, _____, she gets well paid fr it.
A. sner r later *B. what’s mre C. as a result D. mre r less
考例2：(MET1990.34) --- Excuse me, is this Mr. Brwn’s ffice?
--- I’m srry, but Mr. Brwn _____wrks here. He left abut three weeks ag.
A. nt nw B. n mre C. nt still *D. n lnger
（二）句型N sner…than…
本句型是包含比较级的一个特殊句型，意思是“一……就……”，n sner置于句首通常要用倒装结构，即把谓语动词的一部分置于主语之前，主句部分多用过去完成时态，所以句型结构是：N sner+had+主语+过去分词+…+than….。
考例：(天津XXXX.3) --- Did Linda see the traffic accident?
--- N, n sner _____ than it happened.
*A. had she gne B. she had gne C. has she gne D. she has gne
（三）nt mre than, n mre than, mre than
nt mre than表示“不超过”；n mre than “仅仅，只不过；跟…一样不”；mre than“多于，超过；不仅仅”。如：
考例：() Lizzie was ____ t see her friend ff at the airprt.
A. a little mre than sad *B. mre than a little sad
C. sad mre than a little D. a little mre sad than
（四）Mre and mre.
表示“越来越（怎么样）”，在这个结构中的两个 "比较级"要求词性相同。例如：
My hmetwn is becming mre and mre beautiful.我的家乡变得越来越漂亮。
When winter is cming , it gets clder and clder .冬天来临之际，天越来越冷了。
（五）句型“the +比较级……，the +比较级……意为“越……，越……”。
意思是“越（怎么样就）越（怎么样）”，在这个结构中的两个“比较级”不要求一定词性相同，它们各自的词性要依句子的需要而定。前面部分是从句，表示条件，后面部分是主句，表示结果。比较级要与被修饰词在一起。
考例1：(上海XXXX.26) As far as I am cncerned, educatin is abut learning and the mre yu learn, ____.
A. the mre fr life are yu equipped *B. the mre equipped fr life yu are
C. the mre life yu are equipped fr D. yu are equipped the mre fr life
考例2：(上海XXXX.26) In recent years travel cmpanies have succeeding in selling us the idea that the further we g, ____.
A. ur hliday will be better B. ur hliday will be the better
*C. the better ur hliday will be D. the better will ur hliday will be
【牛刀小试】
1. There are mre than twice ______ five years ag.
A. as many bks as B. many bks as C. many bks D. as much bk s as
2. After the new technique was intrduced，the factry prduced ＿＿ tractrs in 1988 as the year befre．
A．as twice many B．as many twice C．twice as many D．twice many as
3. (NMETXXXX. II.8) Yur stry is perfect; I’ve never heard ______ befre.
A. the better ne B. the best ne C. a better ne D. a gd ne
4. (NMETXXXX.I) Mary kept weighing herself t see hw much ____ she was getting.
A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest
5. (山东XXXX) Mr. Smith wns _____ cllectin f cins than anyne else I have ever met.
A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large
6. (福建XXXX) The number f peple present at the cncert was ____ than expected. There were many tickets left.
A. much smaller B. much mre C. much larger D. many mre
7. My niece has three brthers, all _____ than she. ____, Jhn, is an il wrker.
A. elder ;The ldest B. lder; The ldest C. elder; The ld ne D. lder; The eldest
KEYS: 1-5 ACCAB 6-7 AD
【牛刀小试】
1. (NMETXXXX.III) ---Is yur headache getting _______?
--- N, it’s wrse.
A. better B. bad C. less D. well
2. (上海1993) It’s believed that ______ yu wrk, _____ result yu’ll get.
A. the harder; the better B. the mre harder; the mre better
C. the harder; a better D. mre harder; mre harder
3. _______ had he been invited t the palace ball _____ than he tld his wife the news.
A. Sn; when B. Nt Sn; that C. N sner; than D. N sner; when
4. ________, he frgt t bring his textbks.
A. Making things wrse B. T make things wrse
C. T make matters better D. Making things better
5. He became ______ satisfied with the ftball team's perfrmance.
A. mre and less B. little and less C. less and little D. less and less
6. (NMETXXXX.III) It is reprted that the United States uses ____ energy as the whle f Eurpe.
A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much
7. (福建XXXX) --- Wuld yu like ______, sir?
--- N thanks, I have had much.
A. sme mre ranges B. any mre ranges C. sme mre range D. any mre range
8. (北京XXXX) Our neighbr has _______urs.
A. as a big huse as B. as big a huse as C. the same big huse as D. a huse the same big as
9. (上海春招XXXX) After supper she wuld sit dwn by the fire, smetimes fr ____ an hur, thinking f her yung and happy days.
A. as lng as B. as sn as C. as much as D. as many as
10. --- The cake is delicius.
--- Well, at least it is ______ the ne I baked last week.
A. as bad as B. n wrse than C. n better than D. nt better than
KEYS: 1-5 AACBD 6-10 DCBAB