专题2 完形填空之行文逻辑（教师版+学生版）

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考点2 行文逻辑
1. 两年真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】2023年新高考卷对于完形填空中行文逻辑考查了9次。主要考查：
并列关系；转折关系；因果关系；让步关系；条件关系；解释关系；顺序关系等。
【备考策略】系统归类行文逻辑的方法；熟练掌握完形填空技能。
【命题预测】
完形填空是高考英语中的必考题型，完形填空中的行文逻辑也必然会出现在2024年的高考中。
【完形填空行文逻辑考点指南】
规律方法：完形填空技巧之行文逻辑
完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它看作一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项填空。做题时要善于利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。完形填空的首句或前几句话一般都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，为理解文章大意和主要内容提供必要的线索。此外，完形填空是具有完整内容且按照一定思路发展的文章，各段及各句之间都有逻辑上的必然联系，因此还要注意把握文章发展的基本线索，搞清段与段、句与句之间的逻辑关系。答题时，考生首先要树立起语篇概念，抓住文章主题思想，理清其结构布局， 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系，利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and，while等)；转折关系(连接词有but，hwever，whereas，nevertheless等)；因果关系(连接词有s，therefre，thus，because, fr，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词或短语有thugh，althugh，despite, in spite f等)；条件关系(连接词或短语有if，unless, nce，prvided that，in case f等)；解释关系(连接词或短语有i.e.，that is t say, in ther wrds等)；顺序关系(连接词有befre，after，and，first，secnd，then，next, finally等)。
一、因果关系
(节选) I'd always thught，while slicing up carrts，that the end lked like a cap.__25__ne day，just t see what she wuld d，I gently placed ne n tp f the grundhg's head.
25．A. While B．Or C．S D．Fr
【答案】C
【解析】因此，有一天，想看看“她”会怎么做，“我”就轻轻地放了一个在那只土拨鼠的头顶上。前后两句为因果关系。
二、同类关系
(节选)On the ther hand, teenagers lse their patience cntinually when parents blame them fr 5 the twel in the bathrm, nt cleaning up their rm r refusing t d the shpping at the supermarket.
A. washing B. using
C. drpping D. replacing
【答案】C
【解析】文中nt cleaning up和refusing t d与选项中drpping存在同类关系。另一方面，青少年认为父母因为仅仅是把浴室里的毛巾掉在地上、不清扫房间和拒绝去超市买东西，这些小事而责怪他们而不耐烦。该空要根据连词r和其所连接的“nt cleaning up”和“refusing”判断。“乱丢”和“不清扫” 、“拒绝买东西”并列，故选C。
三、相对关系
(节选)Althugh I wuld sure carry the pain f 26_______ with me alng, Ahmed reminded me f the abundant 27_______ in the wrld.
26. A. lss B. failure C. fear D. regret
27. A. friendship B. devtin C. kindness D. justice
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义及语境运用。作者虽然还会因为丧夫而悲痛，但心灵得到了慰藉。A. lss丧失；B. failure失败；C. fear恐惧；D. regret后悔。故选A。
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义及语境运用。修理工的举动让作者感觉到了人间的关爱。A. friendship友谊；B. devtin奉献、专注；C. kindness关爱、仁爱；D. justice正义、公正。故选C。
此处26. A. lss 与27.C. kindness 存在相对关系。
四、转折关系
(节选) He culdn’t read his wn handwriting. ____ he was a bright student.
30. A. s B. r C. fr D. but
【答案】D
【解析】“我们”知道，但是不得不试试。前后是转折的关系，故用but。故选D。
【归纳总结】
完形填空的句子内部、句与句之间以及段落之间往往都存在一定的逻辑关系，有些题目就是考查这些逻辑关系，因此可以借助并列连词和从属连词等表示逻辑关系的标志词，理清上下文逻辑关系，快速解题。
【典例1】 (2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·节选)
Althugh the tw yung wmen were strangers befre the 54 , they’ve since becme friends. Neither wn the race, but the 55 f human kindness wn the day.
( )B.testC.meetD.shw
( )B.displayC.benefit D.exchange
【典例2】 (2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·节选)
In April last year, I saw a pst n the PNP (Pilts N Paws) website frm a family in Tpeka. They had t mve t Virginia but they were n a very tight 41 .
( )B.budgetC.scheduleD.cnnectin
【典例3】 (2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·节选)
Gerge, the husband, was trying t be calm, but I culd tell this was 48 fr him, having t leave his dg t a
stranger and trust that everything wuld wrk ut.
( )B.fineC.cmmnD.lucky
【典例4】 (2023年1月·浙江卷·节选)
The sun was beginning t sink as I set ff int the Harenna Frest. I was n my way t witness a unique hney harvest. Here, in suth-east Ethipia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the treetps. Reaching them t get the hney is difficult—and ften ____43____ .
43．A．urgentB．dangerusC．expensiveD．pintless
【典例5】 (2023年1月·浙江卷·节选)____49____ , Ziyad gt clse t the hive which was arund 20 metres abve the grund.
49．A．FinallyB．SurprisinglyC．NaturallyD．Immediately
【典例6】 (2023年1月·浙江卷·节选)Suddenly, Ziyad let ut a sharp cry. Within secnds, he’d _____51_____ the trunk and was back n the grund.
51．A．cut ffB．gne upC．slid dwnD．held nt
【典例7】 (2023·全国甲卷·节选)But when we lked at the tmates, we were 46 because they were s misshapen: nt at all like the nice, rund, shiny things yu get in a supermarket. And the wine was cludy, in a funny ld bttle with n label(标签) n it.
( )B.mvedC.thrilledD.bred
【典例8】 (2023·全国甲卷·节选)And the wine was cludy, in a funny ld bttle with n label(标签) n it. These can’t be any gd, we thught. But we were 49 his kindness, s we 50 them.
( ) t B.thankful frC.cautius abutD.interested in
( )B.sldC.returnedD.mixed
【典例9】 (2023·全国乙卷·节选)She had t say gdbye t her tw dgs and t the beach, where she lved t ride waves n her bard. But it was 45 t take the leap(飞跃),hwever 46 it wuld be. Even at 14,Duglas knew that.
( )B.timeC.funD.tugh
( )B.heartbreakingC.eye-catchingD.head-spinning
1. (2021·全国甲卷·节选)
They had asked him t 43.bring sme pepperni (辣香肠) frm back east.S he 44 a suitcase full f pepperni.
44．A．filled B．lcked
C．abandnedD．lst
2. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
A fld had hit the area earlier that year and the 24.damage it caused had driven away a number f birds. 25 ， the number f snakes had declined as well.
25．A．Besides B．Hwever
C．TherefreD．Otherwise
3.【2022·新高考I卷】Anther time, we rented a bat in Vallecit Lake. The sky was clear when we headed ff, but strms mve in fast in the muntains, and this ne quickly ___28___ ur peaceful mrning trip.
28. A. arrangedB. interruptedC. cmpletedD. recrded
4.【2022·全国甲卷】When I first dated Steve, I learned he had a dg, Mlly, and a cat, Flra. While I was thrilled that he was an animal lver, I wrried that three dgs were perhaps t many, and my dgs might attack ___46___ , the cat.
46. A. FlraB. ChanceC. MllyD. Tilly
5. 【2021·浙江省高考英语试卷】Everyne was s 20 and like-minded that it was very 21 t feel at hme.
20．A．cnfidentB．friendlyC．energeticD．curius
21．A．funnyB．gdC．luckyD．easy
6. 【2020·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】 A fld had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number f birds. 25 , the number f snakes had declined as well.
25．A．BesidesB．HweverC．TherefreD．Otherwise
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
I.微型完形填空
1.【2023届浙江省镇海中学高三5月模拟】
My cusin is nine years ld, a little bit fat and desn’t d really well at schl. She is heavily____21____, and thus has develped sme resistance and____22____twards adults, wh usually dn’t put high hpes in her.
21．A．abusedB．adredC．challengedD．teased
22．A．satisfactinB．dependenceC．distrustD．appreciatin
2.【2023届浙江省义乌市高三下学期5月适应性考试】Having a friend when yu mst need it nt nly gets yu thrugh the ____35____ parts in yur life — it als gives yu the cnfidence t be a friend t thers.
35．A．unknwnB．rughC．specialD．busy
3.【2023届浙江省金丽衢十二校高三下学期第二次联考】
It was a dream brn in fire.
“Thrw the ____21____ dwn!” said ne f the firemen belw. Andrea Petersn was 5 when she and her mther were ____22____ in a burning building, and little Andrea jumped int lifesaving arms and a lifelng ____23____: She wanted t fight fires like her ____24____ did. She tld that t the men wh had saved her, and they ____25____ gd-naturedly the way grwn-ups d when a kid says they want t be an astrnaut ____26____ this was back in a time when little girls weren’t even allwed t dream abut such grand gals. “Yu’ll be a gd mm,” the firemen tld her. “Yu’ll be a gd teacher, r a nurse, ____27____ yu can never be a fireman.”
21．A．patientB．byC．clerkD．kid
22．A．trappedB．lstC．absrbedD．buried
23．A．careerB．curseC．ambitinD．educatin
24．A．trainersB．rescuersC．parentsD．agents
25．A．yelledB．ppsedC．ignredD．laughed
26．A．becauseB．untilC．befreD．unless
27．A．rB．sC．butD．and
4. 【2023届浙江省9 1高中联盟年高三5月高考考前模拟】As it ften happened, reality ____27____ her dream. She was sent t a flight schl, ____28____ she met her husband, Dennis, wh was later diagnsed with cancer. Petersn spent 31 years ____29____ him. In 2007, when Dennis was cming t the end f his struggle, he was at peace _____30_____ wrried fr Petersn: “But what are yu ging t d?”
“I’ll be fine,” she tld him.
27．A．failedB．achievedC．fllwedD．realized
28．A．whatB．whereC．whenD．why
29．A．cping withB．relying nC．caring frD．facing t
30．A．therefreB．stillC．therwiseD．yet
5. 【2023届浙江省精诚联盟三模】As time passed and I grew lder and bigger, the dnut shp became a special place fr us t celebrate my varius wins. Even if I didn’t win r place, Dad wuld____45____take me there.____46____, I grew up and left Dad’s hme. On my wedding day, Dad handed me a small gift bx. In it was a small chclate-cvered dnut. My heart was____47____, melting quicker than the chclate frsting wuld have in an ven.
45．A．evenB．stillC．alsD．almst
46．A．OccasinallyB．EventuallyC．FundamentallyD．Casually
47．A．tuchedB．brkenC．tightenedD．frzen
6.【广东省华南师范大学附属中学高三上学期综合测试（一）】Interestingly, 27 , ther characteristics that yu might cnsider advantages had n impact n whether study participants were likely t live lnger. Thse wh were mre self-disciplined, fr instance, were n mre likely t live t be very ld. Als, being pen t new ideas had n relatinship t lng life, which might explain all thse bad-tempered ld peple wh are fixed in their ways.
27．A．therefreB．hweverC．furthermreD．therwise
7.【广东省高州市高三上学期第二次模拟】The full cars rumbled（隆隆响）past, but the 22 nes, rattled（嘎吱地响）and banged alng, making mre nise.
22．A．emptyB．ldC．slwD．dirty
8.【广东省普通高中高三上学期12月联合质量测评】T Williams, the slutin was simple: Give kids bks. In 2017, as part f a civic event called Engage Dan-ville, she dnated 900 used children’s bks ver three days. Mst peple wuld be satisfied with that. “I was like, ‘Anybdy culd d that,’” she said. “I wanted t d smething that’s ging t stretch my faith, my wrk ethic, my everything.” S she raised the number cnsiderably by setting a new gal fr herself: Give away ne millin bks. It sunds like an unreachable number. 29 , she gt t wrk, first by rping in friends t give away bks r mney t buy bks.
29．A．CnsequentlyB．StillC．OtherwiseD．Hwever
9.【广东省韶关市高三上学期综合测试（一）】My mm and her siblings cnvinced grandma t start 24 items t help raise funds fr grandpa’s treatment.
24．A．dnatingB．sendingC．listingD．selling
10.【江西省吉安市高三上学期期末】Fd and 34 culd nly last fr ten days s they nly ate tw meals a day and distributed drinking water as planned.
34．A．wineB．waterC．fruitsD．vegetables
11.【江苏省海安高级中学高三下学期5月阶段检测】The mst imprtant part f the technique was t bring t life the vivid details f each stage, while als fcusing n the __29__ that came with it. We were trained t step int fear, dubt and learned t g beynd them, s that by the time we gt nt the curt, we were grunded, cnfident and ready t play.
29．A．questinsB．decisinsC．feelingsD．lessns
12.【江苏省海安高级中学高三下学期5月阶段检测】What I learnt mst frm this technique was that winning games was imprtant but hw we appear t play was even mre vital. And __33__ visualizatin was a pwerful way t see thrugh t the gal , there were abslutely n shrtcuts in the hard wrk f getting there.
33．A．unlessB．asC．whileD．if
13.【江苏省淮安市高三下学期5月模拟】When it came time fr my sister and brther and me t attend cllege, we were never tld t limit ur sights t a state schl r ther lwer-cst ptins. ___31___, ur parents sent us t sme f the best and mst expensive schls in the cuntry. Neither ur father nr ur mther ever cmplained abut the high tuitin.
31．A．OtherwiseB．BesidesC．InsteadD．Hwever
14.【江苏省淮州中学高三年级最后一卷（2）】Slwly it began t emerge and take shape. The end piece was far frm a ___34___ example f carving skills, but it taught me a mst valuable lessn—nt t give up and t keep my self-dubt in cntrl.
34．A．badB．disappintingC．perfectD．puzzling
15.【江苏省如东高级中学、姜堰中学、沭阳高级中学高三下学期4月份阶段性测试联考】This incident reminded me that these are the times t have fun, and make memries, nt stress abut the unimprtant details. Lking back, the ten minutes I spent fearing my speech were really nt wrth it. ____54____ my first perid f high schl may nt have gne exactly the way I thught it wuld, Mrs. Hutfilz’s great sense f style certainly made the day unfrgettable in the best way.
54．A．UntilB．SinceC．WhileD．If
16.【江苏省新沂市第一中学高三下学期5月】 Every day he trained with the team. He wrked harder and ran mre than any f the thers—perhaps he sensed that the abilities that seemed t cme naturally t s many thers did nt cme naturally t him. ___27___the entire team runs, nly the tp seven runners have the ptential t scre pints fr the schl. We didn’t tell him he prbably wuld never make the team, s he didn’t knw.
27．A．WhenB．DespiteC．AlthughD．If
17.【江苏省新沂市第一中学高三下学期5月】He cntinued t run fur t five miles a day, every day—___30___the day he had a 103-degree fever.
30．A．thughB．evenC．everD．even thugh
18.【江苏南通如皋中学高三5月模拟】____27____having fewer custmers, Ya is busier than usual since it takes lnger t take bdy temperatures, disinfect the packages and cnsult with custmers abut designated (指定的) delivery times and lcatins.
27．A．DespiteB．BeyndC．PlusD．Except
19.【江苏省徐州市第七中学高三下学期4月学情调研】___26___, halfway dwn the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmns, wasn't with them. Nrwd ran back and fund Simmns uncnscius in the back seat.
26．A．BesidesB．TherefreC．MreverD．Hwever
20.【内蒙古赤峰市高三上学期期末】The COVID-19 pandemic (大流行病) put a lt f celebratins n hld. During what seemed like an end t the pandemic, Dawn planned a birthday party 21 fr her sn JJ at a park with plenty f space t scial distance.
21．A．utdrsB．upstairsC．indeedD．smewhere
真题感知
1. (2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·节选)
Althugh the tw yung wmen were strangers befre the 54 , they’ve since becme friends. Neither wn the race, but the 55 f human kindness wn the day.
( )B.testC.meetD.shw
( )B.displayC.benefit D.exchange
2. (2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·节选)
In April last year, I saw a pst n the PNP (Pilts N Paws) website frm a family in Tpeka. They had t mve t Virginia but they were n a very tight 41 .
( )B.budgetC.scheduleD.cnnectin
3. (2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·节选)
Gerge, the husband, was trying t be calm, but I culd tell this was 48 fr him, having t leave his dg t a
stranger and trust that everything wuld wrk ut.
( )B.fineC.cmmnD.lucky
4. (2023年1月·浙江卷·节选)
The sun was beginning t sink as I set ff int the Harenna Frest. I was n my way t witness a unique hney harvest. Here, in suth-east Ethipia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the treetps. Reaching them t get the hney is difficult—and ften ____43____ .
43．A．urgentB．dangerusC．expensiveD．pintless
5.(2023年1月·浙江卷·节选)____49____ , Ziyad gt clse t the hive which was arund 20 metres abve the grund.
49．A．FinallyB．SurprisinglyC．NaturallyD．Immediately
6.【2022·新高考I卷】Anther time, we rented a bat in Vallecit Lake. The sky was clear when we headed ff, but strms mve in fast in the muntains, and this ne quickly ___28___ ur peaceful mrning trip.
28. A. arrangedB. interruptedC. cmpletedD. recrded
7.【2022·全国甲卷】When I first dated Steve, I learned he had a dg, Mlly, and a cat, Flra. While I was thrilled that he was an animal lver, I wrried that three dgs were perhaps t many, and my dgs might attack ___46___ , the cat.
46. A. FlraB. ChanceC. MllyD. Tilly
8. 【2021·浙江省高考英语试卷】Everyne was s 20 and like-minded that it was very 21 t feel at hme.
20．A．cnfidentB．friendlyC．energeticD．curius
21．A．funnyB．gdC．luckyD．easy
9. 【2020·浙江卷】My jb was t build a stairway ut f rck. This meant climbing up and dwn the side f a muntain inhabited (栖息) by muntain lins, althugh I shuld say they were nly heard, never 27 .
27．A．huntedB．trainedC．seenD．fed
10. 【2020·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】 A fld had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number f birds. 25 , the number f snakes had declined as well.
25．A．BesidesB．HweverC．TherefreD．Otherwise
11. 【2020·天津卷】Jnes gt the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady wh had been cheated f her mney. The lady wuld get a call frm a stranger every mrning wh eventually made her believe that he was her friend, and then she lent him abut “￡31,000 . Jnes was 21 when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated. “Otherwise, I wuld never speak t anther persn fr weeks n end,” she said.
21．A．ashamedB．shckedC．excitedD．amused
12. 【2020·江苏卷】 When Wilsn heated it, the cntainer 43 , leaving Wilsn blinded in bth eyes.
43．A．eruptedB．expldedC．emptiedD．expsed
13.【2020·江苏卷】He learned braille (盲文) quickly and cntinued his educatin at Wrcester Cllege fr the Blind. There, he nt nly did well as a student but als became a(n) 47 public speaker.
47．A．accmplishedB．crucialC．specificD．inncent
14. 【2020·江苏卷】 Wilsn received several internatinal awards fr his great cntributins. He lst his sight but fund a 54 . He prved that it’s nt what happens t us that 55 ur lives-it’s what we make f what happens.
54．A．frtuneB．recipeC．dreamD．visin
55．A．distinguishesB．determinesC．claimsD．limits
15.【2020·全国新课标II】It was just after sunrise n a June mrning. “Nicl,” whse real name cannt be 41 t the public because f Italy’s privacy laws, finished wrking the whle night at a factry in Turin.
41．A．attachedB．allcatedC．expsedD．submitted
16. 【2019·全国II】He had tried t cax(哄)the dg t him but, frightened, it had ___44___.
44. A. calmed dwnB. std upC. rlled verD. run ff
17. (2019·江苏) Brn at an internatinal crane fundatin, Emma was raised by human caretakers. This led t an unexpected cnsequence, thugh she had a wnderful time there. Emma had never taken herself as a crane and becme deeply attached t humans. She refused t live with male cranes, and even had a reputatin fr killing sme f them, which made it impssible fr her t becme a mther.
___46___, the tw zkeepers didn’t want t see the extinctin(灭绝)f this precius species. With their patience and effrts, they successfully develped a cmbinatin f artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reprductin.
46. A. TherefreB. MreverC. HweverD. Instead
18. 【2019·全国卷III】The 3,500 residents cannt all enjy the sunshine at the same time. ___57___, the new light feels like mre than enugh fr the twn’s sun-starved residents.
57. A. InsteadB. HweverC. GraduallyD. Similarly
行文逻辑
考点1因果关系
考点2同类关系
考点3相对关系
考点4转折关系
考点
题型
行文逻辑
完形填空
2023
试卷类型
完形填空
考点
2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷
54.Althugh尽管……
转折关系
2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷
55.but
转折关系
2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷
41. but
转折关系
2023年1月·浙江卷
43. and
并列关系
2023年1月·浙江卷
49. Finally
顺序关系
2023年1月·浙江卷
51. and
并列关系
2023·全国甲卷
46. because
因果关系
2023·全国甲卷
49．50 but s
转折关系
2023·全国乙
45. But
转折关系