人教版高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第4册UNIT1 SCIENCE FICTION课时学案

这是一份人教版高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第4册UNIT1 SCIENCE FICTION课时学案，共16页。

1 declare [课本义]vt.表明；宣称；公布 [增补义]v.申报(纳税品、收入等)
①When the Olympic Games were declared(declare) pen, all the peple in the stadium burst int cheers.
②She had nthing t declare(declare), and was starting t g thrugh the “Green” channel when she was stpped.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, prud Irene declared(declare) she had n plans t retire frm her 36­year­ld business.
经过仔细的考虑，她宣布支持新机场计划。
①After careful cnsideratin, she declared fr the new airprt plan.
②After careful cnsideratin, she declared that she was in favur f the new airprt plan.
◎declare sth.宣布某事
◎declare...(t be)...宣布……为/是……
◎declare fr/against...表示赞成/反对……
◎declare that...宣告；宣称……
◎declare the exhibitin pen/clsed宣布展览开幕/闭幕
◎declare war n that cuntry向那个国家宣战
◎declare against building a new bridge宣布反对建造新桥
2 pace [课本义]n.速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏 [增补义]v.踱步
①Very late at night, she fund Jhn pacing(pace) up and dwn his flat, unable t fall asleep.
②Students in my schl study at their(they) wn pace, and the teachers seldm set exams.
③In the evening，rides are usually at a mre relaxed and unhurried pace.
He had t prceed at a measured pace(小心谨慎地继续前行) in the dense frest, where danger culd arise at any time.
◎at a(n)以……的速度
◎at ne's wn pace按某人自己的节奏
◎keep pace with sb./sth.与某人/某物并驾齐驱/步调一致
◎pace up and dwn来回踱步
◎march at a steady pace稳步行进
◎gather pace越来越快；加速
◎slw dwn the pace f life放慢生活节奏
3 urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
①The summer vacatin is drawing near and I have an urge t travel arund.
②Sme specialists urged that the gvernment (shuld) take(take) effective measures t cnserve China's cultural heritage.
③Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will reduce the urge t snack(snack) between meals and will imprve the taste f yur fd.
I was very embarrassed at that mment, but I fught the urge t run ff the stage(克制住了逃离舞台的冲动)．
◎the urge t d sth.做某事的渴望
◎have an urge t d sth.渴望做某事
◎urge sb.n鞭策(激励、催促)某人
◎urge sb.t d sth.力劝某人做某事
◎urge that...(shuld) d sth.极力主张……做某事
◎It is urged that...(shuld) d sth.坚决要求……做某事
◎urge her t recnsider her decisin劝说她重新考虑她的决定
◎a sudden urge t scream突然想大声喊叫
◎be urged n by the crwd受到观众的激励
4 n 根据；以……的方式(基准)
①Sme ecnmists made this predictin n the basis that huse prices were still n the rise.
②His surveys have prvided the mst explicit statements f hw, and n what basis, data are cllected.
③(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)A new exhibitin in Halifax uses everyday activities t explain the hidden math principles we all use n a regular basis(base)．
(普通表达)Every day my mther reminds me that life ges n.
(高级表达)On a daily basis my mther reminds me that life ges n.
◎n a regular basis例行地；有规律地；定期地
◎n a daily/weekly basis每天/每周
◎n the basis f...基于；因为……
◎n the basis that...基于；因为……
◎n a first­name basis with him和他关系非常好；与他很熟
◎n the basis f age and scial class基于年龄和社会阶层
◎n the basis that the mvie is t dull因为电影太枯燥
5 turn ut关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
①(2019·天津卷)The bk turns ut t be(be) ne that has appealed t the wrld fr mre than 350 years.
②(2020·浙江7月)It turned ut n ne gt badly hurt, but the utcme culd have been awful.
③As it turned ut, my little publicatin went n t becme STUDENT, a natinal magazine fr yung peple in the U．K.
Surprisingly, it then turned ut that(后来证明) this was s fascinating an ancient twn with a lng­lasting histry and rich cultural heritage.
◎turn ut (t be)＋adj./n.结果是；原来是；被证明是(可换成prve)
◎as it turns ut事实上；结果
◎it turns ut (that)……事实证明；结果表明
◎turn ut (t be) fine/gd结果很好
◎turn ut as planned/expected结果与计划/预期的一样
◎turn all the lights ut关掉所有的灯
6 [教材原句]He seemed mre like a human than a machine.他看起来更像一个人而不是一台机器。
①And the children will sn discver that TOKNOW feels mre(much) like a club than just a magazine.
②Hwever, a secnd persn thught that this was mre a questin f civilized behavir than f gd manners.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)In that sense, I'm pretty sure vlunteering is mre f a selfish act than I'd freely like t admit.
At the sight f this, Sue screamed, nt ludly, mre in surprise than terrr(与其说是害怕，不如说是吃惊)．
有“与其说……不如说……；是……而不是……”之意，可连接两个名词、形容词或副词。连接名词时，mre后可加介词like或f；连接形容词时，形容词不可用其比较级形式，只能以原级形式出现。
The mther felt mre sad than angry when she read thrugh her sn's letter left n the kitchen table.当妈妈看完儿子留在餐桌的信时，不是感到愤怒，而是感到很伤心。
7 [教材原句]S lng as I travelled at maximum speed, it didn't matter.只要我以最高的速度前进，就不会有什么问题。
①I asked Uncle Paul if I culd take a hrse ride, and he said yes, as/s lng as my dad went with me.
②I decided t play with my sn with nly ne ty fr as lng as it wuld keep his interest.
③Everyne enjys the life­saving benefits vaccines prvide, but they'll exist nly as lng as everyne shares(share) in the risks.
S lng as she had a slice f carrt t eat(只要有一片胡萝卜要吃), the grundhg never bthered the ne n her head.
as lng as和s lng as作“只要”解时，用于引导条件状语从句，两者没什么区别。但是，当as lng as作“与……一样长”解时，与 s lng as是有区别的，即 as lng as可用于肯定句或否定句，而s lng as只能用于否定句。
The wman has been n a diet fr as lng as any f her friends can remember.在朋友的记忆中，这位女士一直都在节食。
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．She was finally chsen fr the jb n the basis(base) f her qualificatins.
2．It was urged that all libraries (shuld) be kept(keep) pen during the weekend, but nne respnded.
3．I accepted a free ffer t test my writing aptitude, and it turned ut t be(be) the inspiratin I needed.
4．They will ask yu t sign a declaratin(declare) allwing yur dctr t disclse yur medical details.
5．While husehld rbts tday d the nrmal husewrk, scial rbts will be mre(much) like cmpanins than mere tls.
6．I rde with my cusin t my grandfather's huse, where we fund him pacing(pace) back and frth, awaiting ur arrival.
7．When passing the custms, if yu have smething t declare(declare), remember t g thrugh the Red Channel.
8．A new cmmdity brings abut a highly prfitable, fast­grwing industry, urging(urge) the gvernment t keep it under clse supervisin.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．We wanted t get hme befre dark, but it didn't quite turn ut as planned.
2．Current thinking hlds that besity is mre a medical than a psychlgical prblem.
3．Peter will take ver my psitin as the head f the travel agency at the end f next mnth.
4．He can chat up the barkeeper with whm he's n a first­name basis if he wants t have a little interactin.
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．Claire tried t help by wrking n a light suspended(suspend) frm the ceiling, but she fell ff the ladder.
2．My niece came in t fetch smething, maybe her handkerchief, apparently(apparent) withut seeing me.
3．A salesman wh is nt punctual may nt make a sale if he arrives late fr an appintment(appint)．
4．Driving fast n a narrw and winding(wind) rad may mst likely lead t yur vehicle turning ver.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．He still hlds the belief that cuntry life is t sme extent superir t twn life.
2．On the secnd mrning, Tny brught her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.
3．It was at ten 'clck tday that the first f all Time Machines began its career.
4．The new prduct t be tested ut is a cmbinatin f traditinal methds and artificial intelligence.
Ⅰ.熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2022·全国甲卷)Sme f these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem randm and strange，but they are imprtant in varius cuntries.B
A．随机的 B．不可思议的 C．不认识的
2．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)As an added bnus，it's clse t the main train statin. C
A．奖金 B．红利 C．意外收获
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Accrding t mst calculatins，race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries per hur. A
A．步速 B．步伐 C．步幅
Ⅱ.长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2021·天津卷)The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.
本句是一个复合句，可简化为：The a superir dctr, ne wh can...。句中的两个wh都是引导定语从句，分别修饰dctr和ne，另外，句中的ne是代词，代指a dctr，整个后半句ne wh...作前面a superir dctr的同位语。
[尝试翻译]这位医生是一位高级医师，同时还是诗人和哲学家，他能给患者提供的可不仅仅是良好的医疗技能。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)After running hundreds f tests, the researchers nted that the mnkeys wuld g fr the higher values mre than half the time, indicating that they were perfrming a calculatin, nt just memrizing the value f each cmbinatin.
本句是一个复合句，可简化为： researchers nted that the mnkeys wuld g fr the higher values..., indicating that they were perfrming a calculatin...。句子的谓语动词是nted，后面跟that引导的宾语从句；indicating...是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[尝试翻译]在进行了数百次测试后，研究人员注意到，猴子在超过一半的时间里会选择更高的值，这表明它们当时正在进行运算，而不仅仅是记住每个组合的值。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
My niece Betty wrks in a stre, where she is ppular with mst f the salesmen and saleswmen. As a girl f integrity, Betty always 1.treats(treat) everyne with dignity. One f her jbs is t accurately calculate the salaries f the staff and pay ut 2.bnuses(bnus) t the best emplyees n a mnthly basis. Last mnth, she was appinted 3.t take(take) ver the peratin f the stre. All the staff was in favur f her 4.appintment(appint) except fr a salesman Bruce, wh thught he was superir t anyne else and capable f running the stre 5.better(well). T prve his cmpetence, Bruce declared that he culd sell anything t 6.the maximum using sme strategies. But sn after, he cnflicted with ther salespeple. It turned ut that he sld things thrugh absurd verstatements. Then came a stunning rumur 7.that all the ther emplyees wuld resign if Bruce was nt dismissed, 8.which made Betty almst explde with anger. She harshly criticized him fr his ridiculus actins, 9.urging(urge) him t weigh up the prs and cns. If nt, he wuld be suspended frm his jb. Having becme aware f the bad impact, Bruce felt 10.guilty(guilt) and prmised t aplgize and bridge the divisin between him and his clleagues.
Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)
①我的同桌名字叫杰里，他的诚实正直给我留下了深刻的印象。
My deskmate is named Jerry, whse integrity has left me a deep impressin．
②他全心全意地关心我，定期帮助我复习功课。
He cares abut me whleheartedly and helps me review my lessns n a regular basis．
③对我来说，他更像是我的哥哥而不是同学。
T me, he is mre like my elder brther than my classmate.
④一次，由于相信了一个谣言，我勃然大怒，和一位同班同学发生了冲突。
Once，believing in a rumur, I explded with anger and cnflicted with a classmate．
⑤杰里说我这样做很荒唐，并力劝我和那位同学和解。
Jerry said it was ridiculus fr me t d s, urging me t make up with that classmate.
⑥听了他的话，我感到很内疚，并当即表明会向那位同学道歉。
Hearing his wrds, I felt very guilty and immediately declared that I wuld aplgize t the classmate.
Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
My deskmate is named Jerry, whse integrity has left me a deep impressin. Besides, he cares abut me whleheartedly and helps me review my lessns n a regular basis. T me, he is mre like my elder brther than my classmate. Once, believing in a rumur, I explded with anger and cnflicted with a classmate. Jerry said it was ridiculus fr me t d s, urging me t make up with that classmate. Hearing his wrds, I felt very guilty and immediately declared that I wuld aplgize t the classmate.
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
Step 2．续写练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段)
当得知儿子的决定时，她震惊得说不出话来。然后她勃然大怒。“这太荒谬了，”她抓住他的胳膊说。于是一场冲突爆发了。有那么一瞬间，她有一种强烈的冲动，想扒开他儿子的脑子看看他在想些什么。看着泪水模糊了妈妈的眼睛，儿子努力冷静下来，耐心解释他为什么做出这个决定。她在房间里踱来踱去，患得患失。最终，她理解了他的心思，并同意了他的决定。
参考答案：
When she learned f her sn's decisin, she was t stunned t speak. Then she explded with anger. “This is ridiculus，” she declared, gripping his arm. A cnflict thus brke ut. Fr a mment, she had a strng urge t crack pen his sn's head t see what was in his mind. Seeing that tears blurred his mther's eyes, the sn tried hard t calm dwn and explained patiently why he had made the decisin. She paced up and dwn the rm, calculating the prs and cns. Eventually, she read his mind and agreed with him.
续写语料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2022·广东省两校联考)Sure enugh, the dg wuld fetch, sit, stay, rll ver, and lie dwn fllwing the rders.
2．(心理描写)(2022·辽东南协作校模拟)Sneha went in her rm hiding her sadness deep in her heart.
3．(景物描写)(2022·广州市调研)As they turned ff the highway nt cuntry back rads, the cluds darkened.
(2022·十堰市调研考试)The brthers were sn bred with adult cnversatin, went ut and wandered int the frest. Tall trees stretched up t the heavens with large branches crssing each ther, while yung nes rse straight like sldiers.
核心单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓
2．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
3．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布
4．labur n．劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作
5．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
6．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏
7．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
8．salary n．薪水；薪金
9．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严
10．bnus n．意外收获；奖金；红利
1．We have been laburing(labur) all day in the fields, feeling tired and sleepy.
2．The match had just begun when the heavens pened and play was suspended(suspend)．
3．A dctr is there t treat and t cure, nt t dismiss(dismiss) anyne as a hpeless case.
4．The villagers used t walk a mile t fetch(fetch) water but nw they can get clean water easily.
5．The Estnian parliament has passed a reslutin, declaring(declare) the republic fully independent.
6．After she packed up, she paced(pace) the flr t and fr, waiting t be picked up.
7．She called repeatedly, urging(urge) me t make decisins quickly.
派生单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．appint vt.任命；委任；确定(时间、地点)→appintment n．预约；约会；委任
2．guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行→guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
3．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→calculatin n．计算→calculatr n．计算器
4．divide vt.(使)分开；除；除以→divisin n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)
5．randm adj.随机的；不可思议的→randmly adv.随机；随意
6．explde vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explsin n．爆炸；爆破
1．It is calculated that we will spend abut tw hurs cmpleting the calculatin f the ttal if we use calculatrs．(calculate)
2．In her study, participants were divided int several grups, each having the same divisin f time and resurces.(divide)
3．The survey used a randm sample f tw thusand peple acrss England, wh were randmly selected by cmputer.(randm)
4．A bmb explded in the centre f the city and the explsin killed mre than 100 peple.(explde)
5．Cheating destrys self­respect, leaving the cheater guilty(guilt) and afraid f getting caught.
高频短语
语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空)
1．test ut
检验；测试
2．n
根据；以……的方式(基准)
3．prs and cns
事物的利与弊；支持与反对
4．superir t
比……更好；更胜一筹
5．take ver
占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
6．cnflict with
与……冲突或抵触
7．turn ut
关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；
结果是
8．fall away
(逐渐)减少；消失
9．have an urge t
有强烈的欲望做某事
1．As the years went by, the public's interest in the murder case fell away．
2．His wrk is t test ut new designs f cars befre they are put n the market.
3．Wh will take ver the cmpany after Mr.Hwe retires next mnth?
4．We have fund that these results cnflict with earlier findings.
5．The children kept playing until their mther came rund t turn ut the lights.
6．I've persnally never subscribed t the view that either sex is superir t the ther.
原句结构辨识
写作佳句背诵
1．there置于句首的全部倒装句
As she turned arund，there std Gladys Claffern.
在青葱翠绿的河岸之间有一条小溪，潺潺流过，波光粼粼。
There lies a little brk rushing and sparkling alng between green banks.(续写之景物描写)
2．as if从句中的虚拟语气
The sun and mn lked as if they were being thrwn acrss the sky，but sn there was divisin between night and day.
他们周围寂静无声，仿佛整个世界都屏住了呼吸。
Arund them there was nthing but silence, as if the whle wrld were hlding its breath．(续写之场景描写)
用于情感描写的词汇
用于人物描写的词汇
stun; explde; ridiculus; urge; blur
declare; grip; cnflict; pace; calculate; prs and cns