高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists同步练习题

课时评价作业(一)

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking (1)　　　　

[基础测评]

Ⅰ. 单词拼写。

1. At the farm there was an old-fashioned pump for drawing water from a well.

2. Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another.

3. Before the Spring Festival, all Chinese households would have their houses cleaned from top to bottom.

4. Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals is on the decrease.

5. Under the microscope (显微镜), he discovered that these seeds had hooks(钩), so they could easily stick to clothing or hair.

6. It is reported that the police have arrested the suspect (犯罪嫌疑人) of the accident.

7. By pure (纯粹的) chance he found the rare book he needed in a small shop.

8. Being exposed to these surroundings will increase the risk of infection (感染).

9. He focused on his discovery and the statistics (统计数字) of his research.

10. Those workers have built many substantial (大量的) buildings in recent years.

Ⅱ. 用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空。

1. Sometimes parents are to blame for their children’s bad behaviour at school. 

2. Many wild animals including birds have died from the forest fire in Australia. 

3. The suspect subscribed to the fact that he had entered the victim’s room. 

4. In general, a learned man makes fewer mistakes in life than a man without knowledge. 

5. Many graduates donated their used books so that more students can benefit from their kind behaviour. 

6. Doctors from across the country are attending to the patients at the risk of getting infected. 

7. Encouraged by the story of the great scientist, Linda is determined to carry on her education. 

8. The cause of the power failure was found out in time after a one-hour examination. 

9. Thanks to your timely warning, we avoided wasting a lot of time in carrying out the project. 

10. My family used to live in the city but now we have moved to the countryside. 

Ⅲ. 翻译句子。

1. 这个问题已经得到根本解决。(once and for all)

The problem has been settled once and for all. 

2. 你想让人把票递送给你吗? (have sth done)

Do you want to have the tickets delivered to you? 

3. 他被怀疑感染上了霍乱。(suspect; infect)

He was suspected of being infected with cholera. 

4. 为了改变你的人生,你必须改变思考的方式。(the way)

To change your life, you must change the way you think. 

5. 一项新的研究发现睡眠和体重之间有着紧密的联系。(link)

A new study has found a close link between sleep and weight. 

[提升测评]

Ⅳ. 阅读理解。

A

The national outpouring of grief (悲痛) at the death of two legendary academicians (院士), as if people had lost beloved members of their own families, offers much food for thought.

At 1:02 p.m. on May 22nd, 2021, liver surgeon Wu Mengchao, 99, died in Shanghai. He was known as the founder of hepatobiliary surgery (肝胆外科) in the country and was the teacher of roughly 80 percent of the nation’s experts and doctors specializing in liver surgery today. Wu operated on thousands of patients, and saved at least 16,000 lives. Five minutes later in Changsha, Hunan province, agricultural scientist Yuan Longping died at the age of 91. He was known as “the father of hybrid rice” who helped lift the nation out of hunger.

With their dedication to science and commitment to the people, the two devoted their lives to saving lives and improving people’s livelihoods. Together with generations of their students, they not only made a big difference to the lives of the Chinese people, but also many living in other developing and least-developed countries.

Wu insisted that medical science is humanity while Yuan’s lifelong dream was always to enable the Chinese people to fill their own bowls with rice. What makes Wu and Yuan great is not only their achievements, but also their shared attachment to the people. The public’s spontaneous (自发的) outpouring of grief at their deaths, which has been rare in the country for decades, shows how much their down-to-earth dedication to improving people’s lives touched hearts throughout the country.

Yuan and Wu are just two representatives of the large numbers of scientific workers that have devoted their lives to their research, giving the country’s people-centered development principle with more practical meaning. The country needs more scientists to inherit and carry forward their spirit. Even those in other walks of life can draw inspiration from the two academicians’ commitment to their dreams, care for the people, and unconcern about material enjoyment, so as to make the best of what life grants for themselves and others.

1. Which two fields do Wu Mengchao and Yuan Longping specialize in?

A. Education and agriculture.

B. Medicine and social science.

C. Education and social science.

D. Hepatobiliary surgery and agriculture.

解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中“At 1:02 p.m. on May 22nd, 2021, liver surgeon Wu Mengchao, 99, died in Shanghai. He was known as the founder of hepatobiliary surgery in the country ...”和“... agricultural scientist Yuan Longping died at the age of 91. He was known as ‘the father of hybrid rice’ who helped lift the nation out of hunger.”可知,吴孟超和袁隆平分别专攻肝胆外科和农业两个领域。故选D。

答案:D

2. What does the underlined word “dedication” in paragraph 3 mean?

A. Devotion.       B. Influence.

C. Exploration.    D. Respect.

解析:词义猜测题。根据第三段中“With their dedication to science and commitment to the people, the two devoted their lives to saving lives and improving people’s livelihoods.”可知,两人凭着对科学和对人民的奉献精神,为挽救生命、改善民生奉献了自己的一生。由此可知,画线词为“奉献、贡献”的意思。故选A。

答案:A

3. Why did the academicians’ death grieve the whole nation?

A. The modern Internet helped to spread the news.

B. Wu and Yuan were well known over the country.

C. People thought it necessary to follow the sorrowful trend.

D. They made great contributions and shared selfless love to the people.

解析:细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,使吴、袁伟大的不仅是他们的成就,还有他们对人民的爱。民众自发的悲痛之情,几十年来全国少见。这表明他们为改善人民生活而脚踏实地的奉献精神深深打动了全国人民的心。由此可知,举国悲痛是因为他们为改善人民生活做出了巨大贡献以及对人民无私的爱。故选D。

答案:D

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A. A Sorrowful Day

B. Let Their Scientific Spirit Live On

C. The Introduction of the Two Academicians

D. The Great Contributions of Two Great Scientists

解析:标题归纳题。根据最后一段内容可知,袁和吴只是众多为科研献身的科学工作者中的两个代表。国家需要更多的科学家来继承和发扬他们的精神。其他各行各业的人都可以从两位院士对梦想的执着、对人民的关怀、对物质享受的淡泊中汲取灵感。该段表明了文章主旨,科学家乃至各行各业的人都要学习、继承和弘扬他们的精神。故选B。

答案:B

B

Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets(彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.

However, Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆).

Now Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 to 76 years apart.

This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.

　　It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction of what would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halley’s comet, in his honour.

5. How did Halley make his discovery?

A. By doing experiments.

B. By means of his own careful observation.

C. By using the work of other scientists.

D. By chance.

解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made.”可知,哈雷的发现是他在研究其他科学家们的观察中得出来的。故选C。

答案:C

6. When did Halley make a surprising, but correct prediction?

A. In 1704.        B. In 1705.

C. In 1706.        D. In 1707.

解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested.”可知,他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年,而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证,由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。故选B。

答案:B

7. What is the text mainly about?

A. Halley and other scientists.

B. The orbit of a comet.

C. Newton and Halley.

D. Halley and his discovery.

解析:主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知,文章主要向我们讲述了科学家哈雷以及他发现哈雷彗星的故事。故选D。

答案:D

Ⅴ. 阅读七选五。

Do you want to be a scientist? If you’d like to be one, you should lay the foundation(基础) for the task ahead. 1.

Take the necessary classes in high school. You’ll need to do well in mathematics. 2. You can also consider going to a science camp during high school. There you’ll do more intensive projects than you do in your regular science classes in school.

Start out with the basics in college. You’ll need to take basic courses in biology, chemistry and physics to equip yourself with the basics of each science, as well as the scientific method of observing and experimenting. Skills in one or two foreign languages may be helpful as well, in order to read older scientific papers that are written in foreign languages. 3.

4. After you’ve gotten your feet wet and you’re familiar with the directions this work could take you, choose a major in a more specific branch of science.

Develop your writing skills. You’ll also need to write well as a scientist, both to get money for your research and to publish your results in scientific magazines. 5. Always be reading scientific journals and keep up with the field. You’ll be in those journals yourself, in time. Look over their work for structure and the basics of a good scientific paper.

A. Get a higher education.

B. Be patient, and think creatively.

C. There’s a guide for the preparation work.

D. Choose a major in a field that interests you.

E. Scientists in the physical sciences use a great deal of mathematics.

F. The most helpful languages to learn include French, German and Russian.

G. Classes in English in high school and technical writing in college will help you improve your skills.

1. 解析:根据第一段中的“If you’d like to be one, you should lay the foundation for the task ahead.”并结合下文给出的建议可知,本句承上启下,应为说明有一个关于准备工作的指南。故选C。

答案:C

2. 解析:根据空前一句“You’ll need to do well in mathematics.”可知,此处是讲数学的重要性,本空说明要学好数学的原因是科学家要用大量的数学知识。故选E。

答案:E

3. 解析:根据空前一句“Skills in one or two foreign languages may be helpful as well, in order to read older scientific papers that are written in foreign languages.”可知,此处主要讲应学习一到两门外语,故本空应为列举应学习哪些语言。故选F。

答案:F

4. 解析:根据文章结构可知,空处是本段的主旨句,结合下文内容“After you’ve gotten your feet wet and you’re familiar with the directions this work could take you, choose a major in a more specific branch of science.”可知,这里讲的是选专业的问题。故选D。

答案:D

5. 解析:根据本段主旨句“Develop your writing skills.”可知,本段主要讲的是培养写作技巧,G项中的technical writing与本段主旨相符。故选G。

答案:G