江苏专版2023_2024学年新教材高中英语Unit2Outofthisworld素养培优练一牛津译林版选择性必修第三册

这是一份江苏专版2023_2024学年新教材高中英语Unit2Outofthisworld素养培优练一牛津译林版选择性必修第三册，共10页。
素养培优练（一）Ⅰ. 阅读理解AEven when she was a young child, Malia Hee began breaking boundaries. The young champion discovered fencing（击剑） through her sister, who is also a fencer. Malia, who is now a student at Temple University in Pennsylvania, took up the sport at the age of 6.When Malia was growing up in Vancouver, Washington, she balanced other sports with fencing.“But I saw my potential in fencing,” she said. Malia has already won five national titles. In 2014, when she was 16, she qualified for the Junior Olympics. A year later, she won the national champion for the juniors. While talking about her greatest victories, Malia recalled her very first tournament. She competed against just one boy—and placed second.“But I was really happy just to win a medal, even though there were just two of us,” she said. Malia fenced throughout high school. Her skills earned her scholarships to several colleges.“I was approached by Ohio State, Penn State, Notre Dame, Harvard, Columbia, Duck, and Temple,” she said.“The reason I chose Temple was that I am a very artsy person, and out of all the programs I was offered, Temp had the most competitive arts program.”Malia is now majoring in graphic design and advertising at Temple. Between academics and fencing, she is doing very well. This past year, she won the Elite 90 Award in the National College Athletic Association Division Ⅰ Women's Fencing Championship. The award is given to athletes who have reached the highest point in national competition in their own sport, as well as the highest academic level among their peers. “Moving forward, I'm not going to take fencing as seriously,” she said. After college, she hopes to work in the sports industry as a graphic designer or marketer. She wants to live near a fencing club, where she can compete with fun. Wherever her career takes her, Malia will always be remembered as an individual who broke boundaries.1. What can we learn about Malia's first tournament?A. She narrowly won the game.B. She was encouraged by the medal.C. She beat the boy in the second round.D. She was happy to share the medal with a boy.2. Why did Malia choose Temple University?A. It gave her an attractive scholarship.B. It allowed her to go on with her fencing training.C. It offered her the most competitive fencing program.D. It provided better arts program than other universities.3. What will Malia probably do after college?A. Go for further study in sports industry. B. Compete for more champions in fencing.C. Design posters for marketing campaigns. D. Be a professional coach in a fencing club.4. What can we learn from Malia's story?A. Hard work pays off.B. The earlier, the better.C. All roads lead to Rome.D. More breakthroughs, more achievements.BSome whales are loud. Really, really loud. Their calls are strong enough to pass through rock beneath the seafloor, a new study finds. And the echoes（回声） of those songs bouncing off the rocks can help reveal the structure of the seafloor. Two scientists reported their findings in Science recently. Seismologists（地震学家） Václav Kuna and John Nábělek are interested in the structure of the rock layers beneath the seafloor. The two used a network of 54 ocean-bottom seismometers in the northeast Pacific Ocean. These instruments detect waves that travel through the ground, such as those caused by earthquakes. It turns out that they can also pick up songs from a passing whale. Underwater sounds can produce seismic echoes. When sound waves traveling through the water meet the ground, some of the waves' energy changes into a seismic wave. Those seismic waves can help scientists “see” underground as they bounce off different rock layers. The way they bounce can help researchers estimate the thickness of the layers. Kuna and Nábělek's seismometers picked up the sound waves of a whale's six songs, which lasted from 2.5 to 4.9 hours. Echoes from the “singer” showed the researchers that its sound waves had passed through layers of underlying rock. They revealed structural details of rock layers beneath three sites over which the whale had been singing. The new data suggest whale songs can be effective tools to study the seafloor. Large ships may perform seismic surveys using air guns. These instruments make very loud noises that can travel long distances. But their noise can also disturb ocean life—especially the behaviors of animals that rely on sound to hunt or communicate.5. What new characteristic of whale songs does the new study report?A. They usually last from 2.5 to 4.9 hours.B. They are communication tools of whales.C. They become louder when touching the sea bottom.D. They can be loud enough to travel through the seafloor.6. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some former study results.C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.7. What information did Kuna and Nábělek get from the six songs?A. The flowing direction of the Pacific sea waves.B. The measurement ability of their seismometers.C. The structure of the rock layers beneath several sea sites.D. The variety of sea rocks in the northeast Pacific Ocean.8. What is wrong with using air guns to do seismic surveys?A. It is time-consuming. B. It is of low accuracy.C. It is dangerous to sailors. D. It is environmentally unfriendly.Ⅱ. 七选五Some of the world's most important scientists think the idea of people living on Mars will come true one day.    1     Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense.However, scientists will need to terraform（地球化） Mars for people to be able to live on, which means changing the environment on Mars so that it is similar to Earth's. One of the main goals of terraforming Mars is to warm it up because the average temperature is about -60℃.    2     This could take many centuries. However, it should lead to rainfall and growth of plants, resulting in more air for people to breathe.Another big concern for scientists is whether humans can move to Mars and still stay healthy in mind and body. As a test, six people lived in a Mars-like environment in Hawaii for a year before “returning to Earth” recently.    3     Some people living there said that one of the biggest issues was feeling bored. So humans on Mars would always need to keep themselves busy with various activities.    4    One particular organization is planning to send the first humans to Mars before 2030.The organization believes that its project is giving people worldwide the chance to be part of the first human crew ever to live on Mars for good.    5     Regardless, it seems that humans living on Mars may well happen a lot sooner than people believe.A.However, many experts think it can cost too much money.B.Stephen Hawking believed humans must move into space to survive.C.NASA believes new astronauts should be chosen for future missions without delay.D.One idea for warming Mars is to build factories there that produce greenhouse gases.E.It will prevent us from learning about the ability of humans to live in a different environment.F.It was a 1,200-square-foot room that was on the side of a volcano and used the sun for energy.G.Another important thing was that the people living together should all be able to get along and work together.Ⅲ. 完形填空During my first term of University, I did not know what I wanted to major in. I was very interested in biology, so I chose a very     1     biology science course that was far beyond my abilities. For months before my final     2    , I went back and forth trying to decide whether I should take this course or not. I ended up taking it, because I knew I should give myself the chance to     3     whether I had the ability to become a     4     or not. After months of not being able to keep up, I hardly passed the course and my     5     was totally reduced.     6    , I changed my major, but the effects that course had on my mind     7     with me. I blamed myself for months asking how I could have been so     8     as to waste my health, time, and effort on that course when I could have     9     another one. It took me months to finally recognize that I had not been to     10     for my actions. But, if I had stopped to recall（回想起） the     11     that I felt unsure about my major at the time, I would've come to that conclusion sooner, instead of     12     more time thinking about the past. Had I known how challenging the     13     was, I wouldn't have spent time blaming myself. But how could I have possibly known that without giving it a try? Just like you can't blame a baby for not being     14     to walk, you cannot blame yourself for not being able to assess（评论） the     15     of an action before seeing the experience through.1. A. challenging B. popular C. common D. easy2. A. failure B. success C. decision D. regret3. A. think about B. find out C. notice D. announce4. A. teacher B. reporter C. leader D. scientist5. A. respect B. talent C. strength D. confidence6. A. Rather B. Actually C. Afterwards D. Still7. A. stayed B. changed C. filled D. disappeared8. A. confident B. careless C. stupid D. devoted9. A. chosen B. required C. recommended D. offered10. A. praise B. blame C. watch D. search11. A. fact B. advice C. belief D. proposal12. A. killing B. costing C. sparing D. wasting13. A. answer B. problem C. course D. research14. A. able B. keen C. eager D. excited15. A. method B. result C. plan D. process   素养培优练（一）Ⅰ. 阅读理解1. B[解析]推理判断题。根据文章第四段引号里的句子可推断, Malia第一次参加比赛时,她受到了奖牌的鼓舞。2. D[解析]细节理解题。根据文章第五段最后一句可知, Malia认为Temple的艺术课程很好。3. C[解析]细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知, Malia以后想成为平面设计师或营销人员。4. D[解析]推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“无论她的职业生涯带着她走到哪里,Malia都会作为一个打破界限的人而被永远记住”及全文内容可推知, Malia的事迹告诉我们，打破越多界限，就会获得越多成就。【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。Malia从小就不断突破自我,在击剑上取得一定成就后,不断学习,并使学术和体育达到很好的平衡。5. D[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知,新的研究显示，鲸的声音足以穿透海底的岩石。6. C[解析]推理判断题。根据第三段可知,水下声音可以产生地震回波,当声波在水中传播时与地面相遇,一些波的能量会转化为地震波,当地震波从不同的岩层上反弹时,这些地震波可以帮助科学家“看到”地下,它们反弹的方式可以帮助研究人员估计岩层的厚度。这是关于水下声音的一些科学知识,属于一些背景信息,所以第三段的目的是想要添加一些与该研究有关的背景信息。7. C[解析]细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知, Kuna和Nábělek从这六首歌中得到了几个海区下面的岩层结构的信息。8. D[解析]推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知,使用气枪进行地震勘测产生的噪音会干扰海洋生物,尤其是那些依靠声音来捕食或交流的动物的行为。因此,对环境是不友好的。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究,研究发现鲸的叫声可以穿透海底的岩石,这些声音在岩石上的回声有助于揭示地壳的结构。Ⅱ. 七选五1. B[解析]根据下文可知,火箭科学家罗伯特·祖布林对此表示同意,并认为从火星开始最有意义。由此可推断,该空是另一个人的观点,B项表明斯蒂芬·霍金的观点。故选B项。2. D[解析]根据上文可知,火星地球化的主要目标之一是使其升温,因为其平均温度约为-60 ℃,不利于人类生存,因此,D项承接上文,阐述了使火星升温变暖的方法是建造制造温室气体的工厂,且该选项中的warming与上文中的warm相呼应。故选D项。3. F[解析]根据上文可知,作为一项测试,六个人在夏威夷类似火星的环境中生活了一年,直到最近“返回地球”；根据下文可知,一些住在那里的人说,最大的问题之一是感到无聊。由此可推断,该空应该阐述这六个人具体生活的环境是怎样的,因此F项符合语境。该选项中的room对应下文中的living there。故选F项。4. G[解析]根据上文六个人在夏威夷类似火星的环境中生活了一年,反馈了一些问题可知,接下来很可能提到另一些问题,因此G项符合语境,该选项提到另一个问题是住在一起的人都应该能够相处,且该选项中的Another important thing与上文one of the biggest issues相呼应。故选G项。5. A[解析]根据上文可知,一个特别的组织计划在2030年前将第一批人类送上火星。由此可推断,该空将阐述这个计划可能会产生的问题,承接上文,A项符合语境,阐述这个计划可能会花费太多的钱。故选A项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。很多科学家正在研究将火星“地球化”,使人类得以生存,一个特别的组织计划在2030年前将第一批人类送上火星。Ⅲ. 完形填空1. A[解析]由空后的“far beyond my abilities”及13空前的“Had I known how challenging...”可知,作者选择的课程是很“具有挑战性的”。2. C[解析]由空后的“trying to decide”可知,此处指经过几个月的思考,作者最后做出“决定”。3. B[解析]根据上文作者最后选择了这门课程并结合常识及下文中的“whether I had the ability to become a  or not”可知,此处指作者想给自己一次机会来“弄清”自己是否有能力。4. D[解析]根据上文中的“I was very interested in biology”及作者选择了生物科学可知,此处指作者想要看一下自己能否成为一名“科学家”。5. D[解析]根据本句前面的“hardly passed the course”及“After months of not being able to keep up”可知,此处指作者很艰难地坚持着,差点无法通过这门课程,这些打击使得作者的“自信心”完全受挫。6. C[解析]上文提及作者无法坚持这一课程了,根据下文可知,此处指作者“后来”改变了专业。7. A[解析]下文提到这次选择所学专业的失败对自己造成的影响较大,由此推知此处指虽然作者改变了专业,但生物科学失败的影响一直“存在”。8. C[解析]根据下文中的“to waste my health, time, and effort on that course”及上文中的“I blamed myself”可知,此处指由于选择学科失败,作者认为当初自己选择这个学科的做法太“愚蠢”了。9. A[解析]根据上文中的“I changed my major”及“to waste my health, time, and effort on that course”可知,此处指作者认为自己本可以“选择”另一个学科,却把时间和精力浪费在了生物科学课程上。10. B[解析]作者事后责怪自己，这说明作者未能对自己之前的行为承担责任。be to blame“负有责任”。11. A[解析]作者当初停下来回想下对自己的专业举棋不定这一“事实”,他就会更快做出换专业的决定了。12. D[解析]由上文中“to waste my health, time, and effort on that course...”可知,此处指作者当时就会很快得出结论,而不是“浪费”时间去思考过去。13. C[解析]根据第一段第二句中的“biology science course”及作者后来放弃这个专业可知,此处指作者在反思：如果自己知道这个“课程”是多么具有挑战性,他就不会花费时间去自责了。14. A[解析]作者把自己的经历和婴儿“不能”走路进行对比,指你不能因为婴儿“不能”走路而责备他。15. B[解析]此处指如同不能责备孩子不会走路一样,人们也不能因为自己无法在亲眼证实一种行为的“后果”之前进行正确的评价而责备自己。【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己上大学时的经历：为了验证自己是否能够成为科学家选择了生物科学,学习失败后,作者经历了一段时间的沮丧，最后才走了出来。