精品解析：广东省广州市荔湾区2022-2023学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：广东省广州市荔湾区2022-2023学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分)等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022年荔湾区英语高一下
高一年级
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、试空号、座位号填写在答题卡上，
并用2B份笔填涂符题卡上的机应位置。因不考听力，试卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。
2.回答选择时，选出正确答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题日的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用像皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3.回答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指
定区域的相应位置上; 如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案; 不准使用粉笔、圆珠笔成涂改液。写在本试卷上无效。
4. 考试结束后，将本试在和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题25分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Pack a sunhat and your favorite book, and get ready to uncover the beautiful magic of Cuba. The country is buzzing with its local charm. Here are the top activities that really contain Cuba’s essence.
Soak up Cuba’s live music scene
If you have been in Cuba for more than a day and still haven’t heard any live music, you are clearly hanging out in the wrong bars. Welcome to one of the most musically diverse countries on the planet, where melodious guitars rule over background tapes and singing seems just another form of verbal communication, Cuba has a well-developed musical industry.
Sleep overnight in Cuba’s casas
Stay in a private homestay and you quickly uncover the unique Cuban’s everyday life. Thare the rocking chairs on the porh, the front rom fu of family heirlooms, and he her conversations over breakfast.Casas in Havana and vinales are positively splendid, while om remain refreshingly down-to-earth; all offer a wonderful view of Cuba that no hotel could copy.
Escape to the beach and dive in the Caribbean
Cuba’s beaches are famous for a reason——they are uncrowded, well given with tropical beauty and extremely varied. You can enjoy the wild, deserted eco beaches of the Peninsula de. Guanahacabibes where turtles lay their eggs. Search around long enough, and you’re sure to find your own slice of favor. What makes it the best place for diving are the uniquely clear and protected Caribbean waters.
1. What do the three activities have in common?
A. They guide you deeper into the culture.
B. You can see the natural beauty of Cuba.
C. You can taste the essence of local food.
D. They are creative ways of entertainment.
2. What is special about casas in Cuba?
A. Guests can live like the local.
B. Rocking chairs are seen everywhere.
C. Visitors can admire live music shows.
D. Rooms look more splendid than hotel rooms.
3. Cuba attracts divers with its .
A. Quiet surroundings. B. Eco beaches.
C. Turtles eggs. D. Clear waters.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在古巴几项娱乐活动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。通读全文，根据小标题1“Soak up Cuba's live music scene (尽情享受古巴的现场音乐)”、小标题2“Sleep overnight in Cuba’s casas (在古巴的住所里过夜)”和小标题3“Escape to the beach and dive in the Caribbean(到海滩消遣，在加勒比海潜水)”并结合选项可知，这三种活动都是创造性的娱乐方式。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Sleep overnight in Cuba’s casas下列段落中“Stay in a private homestay and you quickly uncover the unique Cuban’s everyday life. (住在私人寄宿家庭，你很快就会发现独特的古巴人的日常生活。)”可知，在古巴的住所中，客人可以像当地人一样生活。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“What makes it the best place for diving are the uniquely clear and protected Caribbean waters. (它之所以是潜水的最佳场所，是因为独特的清澈和受保护的加勒比海水域。)”可知，古巴以其清澈的海水吸引着潜水者。故选D项。
B
In 1954, Eleanor - my grandma - in great need of income, walked into the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology. There she convinced some of the greatest scientists that she was the perfect person for their ant collection.
As a teenager, Eleanor spent hours wandering around the halls of the American Museum of Natural History in New York, flipping through gift shop books about insect mounting (固定于载片上). But that was all her experience in the field.
During her job interview at Harvard, when Philip Darlington, an influential zoologist at that time, asked Eleanor about her specialty, she replied, “Oh, I like everything.”
“He probably realized right then that I have nothing special,” she says. She once worked in a hardware store in New York, and she had no typing skills to be a secretary. She had dropped out of the Tyler School of Fine Arts to marry. But that artistic background was a selling point for the Harvard Job, and she was hired on the spot.
Now artistic background are common for researchers. At that time, however, hiring a woman who had dropped out of art school was certainly a risk. It paid off, Eleanor’s job as a technician required the same quality that art school had demanded. She began each day at the museum mixing glue (胶水). Then she pulled the dead ants from the containers and set them out to dry. Some ants were small-barely 3 millimeters long-requiring patience and a careful hand. Eleanor needed to fix the ant bodies with a spot of glue and write a label for each of them.
The job required her to work quickly, yet correctly. “The average person never really hears about the expertise and the effort that goes into it.” said Wilson, an expert at the Museum. Rushing would risk ruining a rare specimen (标本), but Eleanor could process ants as quickly and many as 200 a day. Wilson said that she was the best technician who ever worked for him.
4. Why was Eleanor hired?
A. She once studied at an art school.
B. She’s married and in need of money.
C. She was interested in mounting insects.
D. She was experienced in the Museum career.
5. What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. Eleanor’s payment.
B. Eleanor’s effort.
C. Eleanor’s artistic background.
D. Eleanor’s being hired.
6. Why does the author quote Wilson’s word in the last paragraph?
A. To prove how painful Eleanor’s job is.
B. To highlight Eleanor’s outstanding ability.
C. To praise Eleanor’s bravery and creativity.
D. To provide evidence of Eleanor’s work process.
7. Which of the following best describes Eleanor?
A. Ambitious. B. Emotional. C. Creative. D. Skillful.
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者的奶奶在Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology成为收集蚂蚁的最佳人选的故事以及她的工作的相关情况。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“But that artistic background was a selling point for the Harvard Job, and she was hired on the spot.(但她的艺术背景是哈佛工作的一个卖点，她当场就被录用了。)”可知，聘用埃莉诺是因为她曾在一所艺术学校学习。故选A。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段的“But that artistic background was a selling point for the Harvard Job, and she was hired on the spot.(但她的艺术背景是哈佛工作的一个卖点，她当场就被录用了。)”和第五段的“Now artistic background are common for researchers.(现在，艺术背景对研究人员来说很常见。)”可知，此处的It指的是上文提到的“艺术背景”，故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Rushing would risk ruining a rare specimen (标本), but Eleanor could process ants as quickly and many as 200 a day. Wilson said that she was the best technician who ever worked for him.(匆忙可能会毁掉一个罕见的标本，但埃莉诺可以快速处理蚂蚁，一天多达200只。威尔逊说她是他手下最好的技术员。)”可知，作者在最后一段引用威尔逊的话是为了突出埃莉诺的杰出能力。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Rushing would risk ruining a rare specimen (标本), but Eleanor could process ants as quickly and many as 200 a day. Wilson said that she was the best technician who ever worked for him.(匆忙可能会毁掉一个罕见的标本，但埃莉诺可以快速处理蚂蚁，一天多达200只。威尔逊说她是他手下最好的技术员。)”可知，Eleanor是技术熟练的。故选D。
C
The souk in the city of Fes in Morocco is an ancient shopping center with lots of narrow alleys crowded, with shops and stalls. In the souk, people are making deals. This is business. Moroccan-style, and many people in the souk are bargaining (议价) as hard as they can.
All the sales happen face to face; it’s very personal and very busy! The vendors (摊贩) have everything a shopper could possibly want. There are sandals next to fish bowls, and nearby, birds in cages watch the whole scene. In the souk, there really is something for everyone. A visit to the souk is a lesson in Moroccan bargaining culture. For visitors, the question is not “What should I buy?” but “How should I buy it?” That’s where they get a real education in making a deal.
A Dutch couple talk about what they have learned so far in the souk. “You have to start somewhere around one third of the price they say at first. And then you bargain up to 50 percent,” said the husband. “And they go down twice as hard as we go up with the price! Then you get it at a much lower price than the original one,” added his wife. It’s really a game. The Moroccans are very good at bargaining and probably the best in the world. Visitors, however, had better be careful! Beginners at bargaining pay more. Sometimes 20 to 30 percent more than the price the Moroccan people pay.
The vendors of the souk are not trying to cheat customers. It’s more like a test to find out who is the strongest bargainer. The real test for any bargainer is the carpet shop, where the sellers really pressure customers to buy something. Sometimes, strong salesmen don’t give up easily! One English tourist explains, “Once you end up in a shop, you sit there drinking tea, and you say ‘I don’t want to buy anything.’ But then he’s like, ‘Well, just offer a price...500? What’s your best price?’ And you’re like, ‘We don’t want to buy it.’ And they said, ‘OK, 300!’”
8. Why does the author mention birds in cages in paragraph 2?
A. To describe what the market looks like.
B. To show there are various shopping choices.
C. To introduce a symbol of the shopping center.
D. To compare different goods displayed at stalls.
9. What do the Dutch couple mainly suggest about bargaining?
A. Bargain down to half price.
B. Start with a high price.
C. Start low and then go up.
D. Turn to the local for help.
10. What can be concluded from the English tourist?
A. Customers should avoid being cheated.
B. Carpet vendors are good at promoting sales.
C. The most popular product in the souk is carpet.
D. It’s hard to get people to buy just by price cutting.
11. Which can be the best title of the passage?
A. Making a Deal B. Ancient Market For Trade
C. Clever Vendors D. Face-to-face Shopping
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了摩洛哥菲斯市的露天市场是一个古老的购物中心，有许多狭窄的小巷，挤满了商店和摊位。在这个露天市场，物品应有尽有。顾客们来到这里买东西的必备技能是“讨价还价”，而商贩们尤其是地毯摊贩也是很擅长推销的。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。分析第二段前后文语境可知，前文“The vendors (摊贩) have everything a shopper could possibly want.(摊贩有顾客可能想要的一切。)”提到了这里有顾客想要的一切东西，由此可推知“There are sandals next to fish bowls, and nearby, birds in cages watch the whole scene.(鱼缸旁边放着草鞋，旁边的笼子里有鸟儿在观看整个场面。)”提及的“鱼缸”，“草鞋”，“笼子里的鸟儿”应是举例说明“这里有各种购物选择”。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段这对夫妇的话“‘You have to start somewhere around one third of the price they say at first. And then you bargain up to 50 percent,’ said the husband. ‘And they go down twice as hard as we go up with the price! Then you get it at a much lower price than the original one,’ added his wife.(“你必须从他们最初所说价格的三分之一左右开始。然后再砍价到50%。”丈夫说。“而且他们降价的力度是我们涨价的两倍!”这样你就能以比原价低得多的价格买到它。”)”可知，关于讲价，这对夫妇建议从原价的三分之一开始，然后再讲到原价的50%，这样能以比原价低得多的价格买到商品，即，讲价由低开始，再提高。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容英国游客的阐述“Once you end up in a shop, you sit there drinking tea, and you say ‘I don’t want to buy anything.’ But then he’s like, ‘Well, just offer a price...500? What’s your best price?’ And you’re like, ‘We don’t want to buy it.’ And they said, ‘OK, 300!’(一旦你走进一家商店，坐在那里喝茶，你说‘我什么都不想买’，然后他就说，好吧，开个价……500? 你们的最低价是多少?’你会说，‘我们不想买它。’他们说：‘好吧，300!’)”可知，在游客表达出自己什么都不买的想法之后，地毯摊贩仍然能够将自己的地毯进行“自我降价”式的推销。由此可总结，地毯摊贩善于促销。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读文章内容可知，文章首段前两句内容“The souk in the city of Fes in Morocco is an ancient shopping center with lots of narrow alleys crowded, with shops and stalls. In the souk, people are making deals.(摩洛哥菲斯市的露天市场是一个古老的购物中心，有许多狭窄的小巷，挤满了商店和摊位。在露天市场，人们在做交易。)”点明了文章的中心话题，即，文章主要介绍了一个位于摩洛哥菲斯市的露天市场，在后文段落讲到如何在这里讨价还价，这里的商贩们又是如何推销售卖的。因此，选项B“Ancient Market For Trade(古代贸易市场)”贴合主题。故选B项。
D
It was a fall day in 1888. Two cowboys came across what looked like a tall city carved into a cliff. It looked empty and lonely. The only sounds were the whistling wind and the crunch of ice underfoot. Where were they?
The men had discovered the cliff homes of the ancient Pueblo at Mesa Verde. Soon, archaeologists rushed there to learn more about these people of long ago. Buildings are some of the only evidences left to tell us about people who lived in what is now the south western US more than 1400 years ago. At first, the ancient Pueblo moved from place to place. After a while, they began to build homes hidden under cliffs. The ancient Pueblo were creative skilled craft people and talented artists. We still do not know much of their story. But lucky for us they left behind these buildings.
We study ancient people by looking at the way they lived — from the style of their homes to the pictures they drew. The art of the ancient Pueblo explains their beliefs, struggles, and daily lives. Some of their art shows people hunting animals. Other art might tell about a legend or make predictions about the future. But we don't know for sure.
The ancient Pueblo made art using the materials they had. They made colored paints using nearby plants. Like many traditional people throughout the world, the ancient Pueblo painted hand prints on rock. They also used sharp stones to create rock carvings.
Pottery also provides clues about the lives of the ancient Pueblo. These ancient pots and dishes are in amazingly good shape, which seems to be sitting around for seven days instead of 700 years. They are like a vividly-written historical book telling us about everyday lives of the ancient Pueblo.
Modern Pueblo, including the Hopi and the Zuni, still live in adobe (土胚) houses. Some modern Pueblo live on top of hills while others live in modern communities. They work with scientists and the government to protect the heritage sites. They want people to be able to learn about their culture for years to come.
12. What is the purpose of paragraph 1?
A. To present the finding of a heritage site. B. To tell a story of two cowboys’ expedition.
C. To describe the environment of Mesa Verde. D. To introduce the topic of heritage protection.
13. What do archaeologists find in the cliff ruins?
A. Ancient Pueblos only left their buildings.
B. Rock paintings were used to predict future.
C. Pottery there reveals stories of the ancient times.
D. Ancient Pueblos have similar lifestyles with other tribes.
14. What rhetorical device was used in the underlined sentence?
A. Personification. B. Repetition. C. Quote. D. Simile.
15. How do modern Pueblo protect their tradition?
A. They work with the government. B. They live in houses of their ancestors.
C. They guide people to their ancient home. D. They stay together with their community.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代普韦布洛人悬崖家园，我们通过观察古人的生活方式来研究他们——从他们的房屋风格到他们画的画。介绍了古代普韦布洛人的一些生活情况。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“It was a fall day in 1888. Two cowboys came across what looked like a tall city carved into a cliff. It looked empty and lonely. The only sounds were the whistling wind and the crunch of ice underfoot. Where were they?(那是1888年秋天的一天。两个牛仔来到了一个看起来像是雕刻在悬崖上的高大的城市。它看起来空荡荡的，寂寞的。唯一的声音是呼啸的风声和脚下冰的嘎吱声。他们在哪里？)”以及第二段“The men had discovered the cliff homes of the ancient Pueblo at Mesa Verde. Soon, archaeologists rushed there to learn more about these people of long ago.(这些人在梅萨维德发现了古代普韦布洛人的悬崖家园。很快，考古学家们就赶到那里去了解更多关于很久以前这些人的情况)”可推知，第1段的目的是引入遗产保护的话题。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“They made colored paints using nearby plants. Like many traditional people throughout the world, the ancient Pueblo painted hand prints on rock. They also used sharp stones to create rock carvings.(他们利用附近的植物制作彩色颜料。像世界上许多传统民族一样，古老的普韦布洛人在岩石上画手印。他们还用锋利的石头雕刻岩石)”可知，考古学家在悬崖遗址中发现古代普韦布洛人与其他部落有着相似的生活方式。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Pottery also provides clues about the lives of the ancient Pueblo. These ancient pots and dishes are in amazingly good shape, which seems to be sitting around for seven days instead of 700 years. They are like a vividly-written historical book telling us about everyday lives of the ancient Pueblo.(陶器也为了解古代普韦布洛人的生活提供了线索。这些古老的锅碗瓢盆保存得出奇的好，它们似乎只放置了7天，而不是700年。它们就像一本生动的历史书，告诉我们古代普韦布洛人的日常生活)”可知，上文提到陶器也为了解古代普韦布洛人的生活提供了线索，like表示“像”，即把这些陶器比喻成历史书，可以让我们了解古代普韦布洛人的日常生活。即划线句用了比喻修辞手法。故选D。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“They work with scientists and the government to protect the heritage sites.(他们与科学家和政府合作保护遗产遗址)”可知，现代普韦布洛人与政府合作保护他们的传统。故选A。
第二节 七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5 分，满分125分。)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As we all know, the universe includes the Sun and Earth, the planets and moons, the galaxies, stars and other forms of matter and energy. _____16_____
Within the universe are billions of galaxies. A galaxy such as our own Milky Way contains billions of stars. _____17_____ Like many stars, the Sun is orbited by planet, comets, and billions of stars and asteroids. Together they form a solar system, around which the Earth moves.
Scientists think that before the universe existed, all matter and energy were gathered in a tiny point. Then the point exploded. This explosion is called the Big Bang. After the Big Bang, the universe expanded at an amazing rate. ____18____ It took about 400 million years for the stars and galaxies to form. Earth and the rest of the solar system came into being about 9 billion years after the Big Bang.
We still have much to learn about the universe. One important question remains unanswered: Does life exist beyond Earth? Scientists do not have the answer. They hold different ideas about it. _____19_____ Others believe that there are thousands of worlds with people or animals living there yet to be discovered. But no one can say for sure.
_____20_____ Some think that the universe may continue to expand forever. Others feel that the galaxies, solar systems and planets might someday be torn a part. Whatever happens to the universe, don’t worry — it’s not going to happen for billions of years!
A. One of those is the Sun.
B. The Sun and the Earth are also in the solar system.
C. Some people believe that people have a good life on Earth.
D. The expansion then slowed and, over time, the universe cooled
E. In other words, the universe includes space and everything in it.
F. Scientists are also trying to determine what the universe will be like.
G. Some think that Earth is the only planet in the universe with intelligent life.
【答案】16. E 17. A 18. D 19. G 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了宇宙的诞生、构成以及对宇宙未来的预测。
【16题详解】
根据上文“As we all know, the universe includes the Sun and Earth, the planets and moons, the galaxies, stars and other forms of matter and energy.(我们都知道，宇宙包括太阳和地球，行星和卫星，星系，恒星和其他形式的物质和能量)”可知，上文提到了宇宙包含许多东西，空处是段末句，对上文进行总结，故E选项“也就是说，宇宙包括空间和其中的一切”符合语境，故选E。
【17题详解】
根据上文“A galaxy such as our own Milky Way contains billions of stars.(像我们的银河系这样的星系包含数十亿颗恒星)”提到银河系包含数亿颗恒星，后文“Like many stars, the Sun is orbited by planet, comets, and billions of stars and asteroids.(像许多恒星一样，太阳被行星、彗星以及数十亿颗恒星和小行星所环绕)”举出了太阳这颗恒星，故A选项“其中一颗是太阳”符合语境，A选项中“those”指代前文的“stars”。故选A。
【18题详解】
根据上文“After the Big Bang, the universe expanded at an amazing rate.(大爆炸之后，宇宙以惊人的速度膨胀)”以及后文“It took about 400 million years for the stars and galaxies to form.(恒星和星系的形成花了大约4亿年)”可知，上文提到了宇宙以惊人的速度膨胀，下文提到恒星和星系形成过程漫长，故本句应是说宇宙膨胀速度减缓，故D选项“膨胀变慢了，随着时间的推移，宇宙冷却了”符合语境，故选D。
【19题详解】
根据上文“One important question remains unanswered: Does life exist beyond Earth? Scientists do not have the answer. They hold different ideas about it.(一个重要的问题仍未得到解答：地球之外是否存在生命？科学家们没有答案。他们对此有不同的看法)”以及后文“Others believe that there are thousands of worlds with people or animals living there yet to be discovered. (另一些人则认为，有成千上万的世界有人类或动物居住在那里，尚未被发现)”可知，上文提到一个尚未得到解答的问题，后文提到了另一些人的看法，故G选项“有些人认为地球是宇宙中唯一有智慧生命的行星”符合语境，G选项中“Some”与下文构成“some…others…”，表示“一些……另一些……”。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据后文“Some think that the universe may continue to expand forever. Others feel that the galaxies, solar systems and planets might someday be torn a part. Whatever happens to the universe, don’t worry — it’s not going to happen for billions of years! (有些人认为宇宙可能会永远膨胀下去。另一些人则认为，星系、太阳系和行星有一天可能会被撕成碎片。不管宇宙发生了什么，不要担心——几十亿年内都不会发生！)”可知，本段主要是关于对未来宇宙的样子进行的预测，故F选项“科学家也在试图确定宇宙的未来可能会是什么样子”符合语境，故选F。
第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30 分。)
第一节 完形填空(共15 小题，每小题1分，满分15 分。)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Two brothers who lived on neighboring farms fell into conflict. It was the first serious ___21___ in 40 years of farming side by side. They had been ___22___ tools, helping each other as needed.Then the long cooperation ___23___. A small misunderstanding grew into a major difference, which exploded into an exchange of ___24___ words.
One morning the elder brother found a carpenter(木匠) outside his house looking for jobs. The elder brother pointed to the creek (水渠) between the two farms, and said “My neighbor, in fact, my younger brother is on that farm, and we don't ___25___ . Last week he dug a very ___26___ creek between our farms just to ___27___ me. I want you to build me something so that we don't have to see each other's face from across.”
The carpenter said “I think I understand the ___28___ . I will be able to do a job that will please you” The carpenter worked hard all that day measuring, sawing, nailing.
At sunset when the carpenter had finished his job, the elder brother's eyes opened wide and his jaw ___29___ . What the carpenter built was a ___30___connecting one side of the creek to the other! To his surprise, his brother ___31___ the creek to meet him with a ___32___smile and arms wide open to hug him.
“You are really kind, my brother! In spite of my rude behavior, you still insist that blood relations can ___33___ be broken! I am truly ___34___for my behavior," said the younger brother.
Then they saw the carpenter carried his toolbox on his shoulder. “Why not stay for a few more days?” asked the elder brother.
“I’d love to stay,” the carpenter said, “but I have more ___35___ to bridge!”
21. A. crack B. drought C. stress D. moment
22. A. gathering B. harvesting C. selling D. sharing
23. A. went off B. carried on C. fell apart D. made up
24. A. proud B. bitter C. joyful D. hesitant
25. A. make sense B. settle down C. get along D. fall in love
26. A. shallow B. clean C. fantastic D. wide
27. A. attract B. please C. contact D. annoy
28. A. situation B. reason C. arrangement D. complaint
29. A. tightened B. dropped C. relaxed D. ached
30. A. road B. house C. bridge D. fence
31. A. destroyed B. dug C. filled D. crossed
32. A. cold B. big C. ironic D. comforting
33. A. easily B. totally C. never D. always
34 A. respectful B. sorry C. happy D. moved
35. A. gaps B. problems C. arguments D. rivers
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了两兄弟因误解而产生分析，并爆发了激烈的争吵后弟弟在两家田地中间挖了一条宽宽的水渠，这让哥哥很生气，木匠帮他们之间建立了一座桥，化解了他们之间的矛盾的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是40年来并肩耕种的第一次严重裂缝。A. crack裂缝；B. drought干旱；C. stress压力；D. moment时刻。根据上文“Two brothers who lived on neighboring farms fell into conflict.（住在附近农场的两兄弟陷入了冲突。）”可知，因为冲突两个人之间的关系产生了裂缝，故选择A项。
22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们一直在分享工具，根据需要互相帮助。A. gathering收集；B. harvesting收获；C. selling售卖；D. sharing分享。根据下文“helping each other as needed.（根据需要互相帮助）”可知，他们会分享工具，故选择D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然后，长期的合作破裂了。A. went off（食物）变坏；B. carried on继续；C. fell apart分崩离析；D. made up虚构。根据上文“Two brothers who lived on neighboring farms fell into conflict.（住在附近农场的两兄弟陷入了冲突。）”可知，这里要说的是他们长期的合作破裂了，故选择C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个小小的误解发展成了一个重大的分歧，并爆发成了一场激烈的争吵。A. proud骄傲的；B. bitter激烈的；C. joyful令人愉悦的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据上文“A small misunderstanding grew into a major difference（一个小小的误解发展成了一个重大的分歧）”可知，这里说的是产生了激烈的争吵，故选择B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我的邻居，事实上，我的弟弟就在那个农场，我们相处不好。A. make sense合乎情理；B. settle down安顿下来；C. get along相处融洽；D. fall in love坠入爱河。根据上文“Two brothers who lived on neighboring farms fell into conflict. It was the first serious ___1___ in 40 years of farming side by side.（住在附近农场的两兄弟陷入了冲突。这是40年来并肩耕种的第一次严重裂缝。）”可知，这里说的是两个人相处的不融洽，故选择C项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：上周他在我们农场之间挖了一条很宽的水渠，只是为了惹恼我。A. shallow浅的；B. clean清洁的；C. fantastic极好的；D. wide宽的。根据下文“What the carpenter built was a ___10___connecting one side of the creek to the other!（木匠建造的是一座连接小溪一边和另一边的桥！）”可知，这个水渠很宽，故选择D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周他在我们农场之间挖了一条很宽的水渠，只是为了惹恼我。A. attract吸引；B. please使满意；C. contact与……取得联系；D. annoy使生气。根据上文“A small misunderstanding grew into a major difference, which exploded into an exchange of ___4___ words.（一个小小的误解发展成了一个重大的分歧，并爆发成了一场激烈的争吵。）”可知，挖水渠是为了使哥哥生气，故选择D项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想我了解情况了。A. situation情况；B. reason原因；C. arrangement安排；D. complaint抱怨。根据上文“I want you to build me something so that we don't have to see each other's face from across.（我想让你给我做点什么，这样我们就不必从对面看到对方的脸）”可知，在听了哥哥的介绍和要求后，木匠表时他已经了解情况了，故选择A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：日落时分，木匠完成了他的工作，哥哥睁大了眼睛，下巴惊掉了下来。A. tightened加强；B. dropped落下，掉下；C. relaxed放松；D. ached疼痛。根据上文“the elder brother's eyes opened wide（哥哥睁大了眼睛）”可知，因吃惊，哥哥睁大眼睛，下巴都快惊掉了，故选择B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：木匠建造的是一座连接水渠一边和另一边的桥！A. road路；B. house房子；C. bridge桥；D. fence栅栏。根据下文“connecting one side of the creek to the other（连接水渠一边和另一边）”可知，这里说的是木匠建造了一座桥，连接两边，故选择C项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：令他惊讶的是，他的弟弟穿过水渠迎接他，笑容满面，张开双臂拥抱他。A. destroyed破坏；B. dug挖；C. filled填满；D. crossed横过，穿过。根据上文“What the carpenter built was a ___10___connecting one side of the creek to the other!（木匠建造的是一座连接水渠一边和另一边的桥！）”可知，这里说的是弟弟穿过小溪，来迎接他，故选择D项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令他惊讶的是，他的弟弟穿过水渠迎接他，笑容满面，张开双臂拥抱他。A. cold冷的；B. big大的；C. ironic讽刺的；D. comforting令人安慰的。根据下文“arms wide open to hug him（张开双臂拥抱他）”可知，这里说的是笑容满面地，故选择B项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管我的行为很粗鲁，但你仍然坚持认为血缘关系永远不会破裂！A. easily容易地；B. totally完全地；C. never从不；D. always总是。根据上文“What the carpenter built was a ___10___connecting one side of the creek to the other!（木匠建造的是一座连接小溪一边和另一边的桥！）”可知，这里说的是弟弟认为哥哥坚持认为血缘关系永远不会破裂，故选择C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我真的为我的行为感到抱歉。A. respectful尊敬的；B. sorry抱歉；C. happy高兴的；D. moved感动的。根据上文“You are really kind, my brother! In spite of my rude behavior, you still insist that blood relations can ___13___ be broken!（你真好，哥哥！尽管我的行为很粗鲁，但你仍然坚持认为血缘关系永远不会破裂！）”可知，这里说的是弟弟为自己的行为感到抱歉，故选择B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我很想留下来，”木匠说，“但我还有更多的缺口要弥补！”A. gaps缺口；B. problems问题；C. arguments争论；D. rivers河流。根据上文“It was the first serious ___1___ in 40 years of farming side by side.（这是40年来并肩耕种的第一次严重裂缝）”以及“What the carpenter built was a ___10___connecting one side of the creek to the other!（木匠建造的是一座连接水渠一边和另一边的桥！）”可知，木匠说的是还有很多缺口缝隙，要弥补，故选择A项。
第I卷(满分65 分)
第二节 语法填空(共10 小题，每小题 15分，满分15 分。)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beijing Opera is a national treasure of China. It dates back to the late 18th century. At that time, four Huiban Opera Troups (徽班) entered the capital ____36____ (celebrate) Qianlong's birthday. Although it is called Beijing Opera, ___37___ (it) origins are not in Beijing but in Anhui and Hubei .
There are four main roles: sheng, dan, jing, chou. Sheng is the male roles, dan is the female roles, chou is clown roles and jing is roles ____38____ brightly-painted face masks. The different colors of the faces represent different characters and each role has its ___39___ (fix) singing and acting styles. So Beijing Opera is a ___40___ (combine) of acting, talking, singing, dancing, and music.
Meilanfang is a famous Chinese name in the world of Beijing Opera. Since he visited Japan in 1919, Peking Opera ___41___ (become) more and more popular with people around the world. The painted face impresses people most! Many find it ___42___ (fascinate)!
But the music is very loud and the performers usually sing in ___43___extremely loud style. That is because in the early days, Beijing Opera ____44____ (perform) mostly on open-air stages in streets, tea-houses or courtyard, _____45_____they played loudly so that the crowds can hear clearer.
【答案】36. to celebrate
37. its 38. with
39. fixed 40. combination
41. has become
42. fascinating
43. an 44. was performed
45. where
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了京剧的起源历史以及表演特色。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当时，四个徽班剧团进京，为乾隆庆生。分析句子结构可知celebrate在句中作目的状语表示“给乾隆庆生”，应用不定式。故填to celebrate。
【37题详解】
考查代词。句意：虽然它被称为京剧，但它的起源不是在北京，而是在安徽和湖北。修饰名词origins应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：“生”是男性角色，“旦”是女性角色，“丑”是小丑角色，“净”是戴着鲜艳面具的角色。后跟名词作宾语，表示“戴着”应用介词with。故填with。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不同颜色的脸代表不同的性格，每个角色都有自己固定的歌唱和表演风格。修饰singing and acting styles应用形容词fixed，作定语。故填fixed。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：所以京剧是集表演、说话、唱歌、跳舞和音乐于一体的。作表语，结合不定冠词可知应用单数名词combination。故填combination。
【41题详解】
考查时态。句意：自从他1919年访问日本以来，京剧越来越受到世界各地人们的欢迎。根据上文Since he visited Japan in 1919可知为现在完成时，主语为Peking Opera，助动词用has。故填has become。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：许多人觉得它很迷人！此处为find+宾语+宾补结构，it指代The painted face，修饰物应用fascinating作宾补。故填fascinating。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：但是音乐非常响亮，表演者通常以非常响亮的风格唱歌。style为可数名词，此处为泛指且extremely是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
【44题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：这是因为在早期，京剧大多是在街道、茶馆或庭院的露天舞台上表演的，他们在那里大声演奏，以便人群听得更清楚。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文in the early days可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为Beijing Opera，谓语用单数。故填was performed。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这是因为在早期，京剧大多是在街道、茶馆或庭院的露天舞台上表演的，他们在那里大声演奏，以便人群听得更清楚。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词open-air stages，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。
第三部分 写作(共三节，满分 50分)
第一节 单句填空(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10 分)
用必修第二册(Unit4-5)必修第三册(Unit 1-5)和选择性必修第一册(Unit1)单词表词的正确形式填空。
46. They keep a list of people who are __________ (愿意) to work nights.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】willing
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们有一份愿意上夜班的人的名单。固定搭配be willing to do sth“愿意做某事”，其中willing为形容词作表语。故填willing。
47. The girl is____________ (坚定的) to succeed. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】determined
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个女孩决心要成功。根据汉语提示可知应用形容词determined，作表语，修饰人，be determined to do，意为“下定决心做某事”。故填determined。
48. He searched his___________ (记忆) for an answer.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】memory
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他在回忆中寻找答案。形容词性物主代词his后跟名词，“记忆”的名词是memory，是不可数名词作宾语。故填memory。
49. You should eat well and do some __________ (常规的) exercise. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】routine
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你应该好好吃饭并做一些常规锻炼。根据汉语提示可知应用形容词routine，作定语修饰exercise。故填routine。
50. She______________ (小声说) her secret to me.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】whispered
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：她悄悄地把她的秘密告诉了我。根据所给出的汉语提示可知，应是动词“whisper”，在句中作谓语动词，结合语境应用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填whispered。
51. I am writing to extend my_________ (祝贺) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】congratulations
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我写信是为了表示我的祝贺。根据汉意提示，应为名词congratulation作宾语，当词义为“祝贺”时，常为复数。故填congratulations。
52. She looked back on her career with great _________ (满意). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】satisfaction
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：她非常满意地回顾自己的职业生涯。great是形容词，修饰名词，“满意”的名词是satisfaction，是不可数名词，故填satisfaction。
53. Tiger and lion____________ (属于) to the cat family(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】belong
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：狮子和老虎属于猫科。分析句子可知，belong to固定搭配“属于”，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Tiger and lion，谓语用原形。故填belong。
54. I _________(逐渐) calmed down and regained my peace.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】gradually
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：我逐渐平静下来，恢复了平静。根据汉语提示可知，gradually逐渐，副词，作状语修饰动词短语calmed down，故填gradually。
55. The study will help us to ________ (评估) the impact of recent changes.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】assess

【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：这项研究将帮助我们评估最近变化的影响。“评估”是assess，help sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“帮助某人做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，故填assess。
第二节 选词填空(共15 小题，每空1分，满分15 分)
根据短文选择适当的单或短语填空，每空只填一个单词，必要时要作适当的形式变化。注意备选词中有多余的词汇。
took charge of looked forward to is concerned about signed
is acknowledged as signaled genius extraordinary
aware of Editor Seeking absorbed in atmosphere
disaster flexible clapping
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer. He ____56____ one of the greatest composers in the history of music. In February 1824, the famous German composer's ninth symphony was finally completed. As he proudly ____57____ his name at the bottom of the page, Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time. Before the performance, the backstage ___58___ at a very famous theatre in Vienna was tense. Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a ___59___. After all, what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra——even if he is a musical ___60___?
The audience did not hesitate to applaud(鼓) loudly as the____61____ composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years. The theatre’s musical director, Michael joined him and together the two men ___62___ the orchestra. For more than an hour, Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra, waving his arms wildly in the air, and madly turning the pages of his score.
As the final, joyous note ____63____ the end of the symphony, the audience jumped to their feet, ___64___ and cheering. But Beethoven continued conducting, still ____65____ his performance. It was not until Caroline, one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realized his symphony was a success.
【答案】56. is acknowledged as
57. signed 58. atmosphere
59. disaster
60. genius 61. extraordinary
62. took charge of
63. signaled
64. clapping
65. absorbed in
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一贝多芬成功的故事。
【56题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：他被公认为音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。is acknowledged as“被确认为，被公认为”符合句意，在句中作谓语，主谓一致。故填is acknowledged as。
【57题详解】
考查动词。句意：当贝多芬自豪地在这一页底部签上自己的名字时，他试着想象人们第一次听到这首歌时会有什么反应。signed“签署”符合句意，动词过去式作谓语。故填signed。
【58题详解】
考查名词。句意：演出前，维也纳一家著名剧院的后台气氛紧张。atmosphere“气氛”符合句意，名词作主语，为不可数名词。故填atmosphere。
【59题详解】
考查名词。句意：贝多芬担心这次演出会是一场彻底的失败。disaster“灾难，彻底的失败”符合句意，名词作表语，由a可知，应用单数。故填disaster。
【60题详解】
考查名词。句意：毕竟，一个听不到他的管弦乐队演奏的指挥有什么用——即使他是一个音乐天才？genius“天才”符合句意，名词作表语。故填genius。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当这位卓越的作曲家时隔12年再次走上舞台时，观众们毫不犹豫地报以热烈的掌声。extraordinary“非凡的，卓越的”符合句意，形容词作定语。故填extraordinary。
【62题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：剧院的音乐总监迈克尔也加入了他的行列，两人一起负责这个管弦乐队。took charge of“负责，担任”符合句意，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式作谓语。故填took charge of。
【63题详解】
考查动词。句意：当最后一个欢快的音符标志着交响乐的结束时，观众们跳起来，鼓掌欢呼。signaled“标志”符合句意，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式作谓语。故填signaled。
【64题详解】
考查动词。句意：当最后一个欢快的音符标志着交响乐的结束时，观众们跳起来，鼓掌欢呼。clapping“鼓掌”符合句意，动词的现在分词和后文cheering并列作状语，和the audience为主动关系，表伴随。故填clapping。
【65题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：但贝多芬继续指挥，仍然全神贯注于他的演奏。absorbed in“专心于，全神贯注于”符合句意，过去分词转化的形容词作状语。故填absorbed in。
第三节 书面表达(共1题，满分 25 分)
66. 你校举办“我最崇拜的科学家”的英文手抄报比赛。请为此写一篇人物简介，内容包括：
1. 科学家介绍；
2. 你崇拜的原因；
注意;
1.写作词数应为100左右；
2.文章标题已给出，不计入总词数；
3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
The Scientist I Admire Most
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 The Scientist I Admire Most
Of all the scientists, I admire Qian Xuesen most.
When Qian was young, he realized China needed its own powerful air force to defend the country, so he made the decision to major in aviation. He went to America in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies and returned to China in 1955. Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.
Qian devoted himself to the country and helped make China stronger. He is an example to me and his spirit will inspire me to keep moving forward.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生以“我最崇拜的科学家”为题，写一篇人物简介，内容包括：1. 科学家介绍；2. 你崇拜的原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
意识到：realize→be aware
保卫：defend→guard
榜样：example→role model
激励：inspire→motivate
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.
拓展句：Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, which were followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.
【点睛】[高分句型1] When Qian was young, he realized China needed its own powerful air force to defend the country, so he made the decision to major in aviation. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句和that引导的宾语从句，省略了that)
[高分句型2] Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. (运用了过去分词作后置定语)