(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时作业必修一 Unit 5 Languages around the world Language points (含解析)

www.ks5u.comUNIT 5　Languages around the world Language points

请同学们认真完成 [练案22]

一、语言基础训练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．This is the classroom __where__ the old soldier is going to give us a speech.

2．I’ll never forget the time __that/which/不填__ we spent together in the army camp.

3．I’ll never forget the day __when__ I joined the League.

4．I know the girl __whom__ the teacher talked with yesterday.

5．She has two sons, both of __whom__ graduated from Harvard University.

6．I still remember the day __when__ we met on the train for the first time.

7．We visited the car factory __where__ my uncle once worked three years ago.

8．There was a period of time in his childhood __when__ he liked listening to stories very much.

9．Miss Liu is an excellent teacher from __whom__ I have learned a lot.

10．The reason __why__ she changed her mind is quite clear.

Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子

1．The house has been pulled down.He lived in the house 10 years ago.

→The house __where/in which__ he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.

2．We settled down in a small village.In front of the village ran a winding river.

→We settled down in a small village __in front of which__ ran a winding river.

3．She has three sons.All of her sons are abroad now.

→She has three sons, __all of whom__ are abroad now.

4．There are sixty students in our class, Thirty of the students in our class are girls.

→There are sixty students in our class, __thirty of whom__ are girls.

5．The school lies in the east of the town.He once studied in the school.

→The school __where/in which__ he once studied lies in the east of the town.

Ⅲ.用定语从句完成句子

1．The reason __why he could not go there__ was that he was ill in bed.

他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。

2．We are living in an age __when many things are done__ on the computer.

我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。

3．After graduation he returned to the small town __where/in which he grew up__.

毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。

4．I’ll never forget the days __when I worked together with you__.

我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。

5．I still remember the time __when I first traveled__ by plane.

我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。

二、培优提升训练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

Foreign visitors to the UK might be disappointed when they learn that not everyone there speaks like Harry Potter and his friends.Usually，there’s an assumption by many non－Brits that everyone in Britain speaks with what’s known as a Received Pronunciation (RP，标准发音) accent，also called “the Queen’s English”．However，while many people do talk this way，most Britons speak in their own regional accents.

Scouse，Glaswegian and Black Country—from Liverpool，Glasgow and the West Midlands—are just three of the countless non－RP accents that British people speak with.There are even differences in accents between towns or cities just 30 kilometers apart.What is even more disappointing is that not speaking in a RP accent may mean a British person is judged and even treated differently in their everyday life.

In a 2015 study by The University of South Wales，videos of people reading a passage in three different UK accents were shown to a second group of people.The group then rated how intelligent they thought the readers sounded.The lowest－rated accent was Brummie，native to people from Birmingham，a city whose accent is considered working class.

However，there is no need to be disappointed though you are not speaking in an RP accent.In fact，doing the opposite may even give you strength.

Kong Seong－jae,25，is an Internet celebrity from Seoul.After studying in the UK，he picked up several regional accents.He’s now famous for his online videos，where he shows off the various accents he’s learned.“British people usually get really excited when I use some of their local dialect words，and they become much friendlier.I think it makes a bit of bond between local people and foreigners to speak in their local accent，” he said.

So if you’re working on perfecting your British accent，try to speak like someone from Liverpool，Glasgow or Birmingham.You may not sound like Harry Potter，but you are likely to make more friends.

文章大意：这是一篇说明文。这篇文章先是提到了大多数人想让自己的英语发音更地道，就去学习标准发音，它向读者提供了一个反其道而行之的建议，就是去学习英国的一些地方方言，这样你可能会交到更多的朋友。

1．What can we infer from Paragraph 1？__A__

A．Non－Brits usually hold that all Britons speak in a RP accent.

B．Only “the Queen’s English” is accepted in the UK.

C．Foreign visitors are disappointed at their own spoken English.

D．Any Received Pronunciation around the world is also called “the Queen’s English”．

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Usually，there’s an assumption by many non－Brits that everyone in Britain speaks with what’s known as a Received Pronunciation (RP, 标准发音) accent，also called ’the Queen’s English’．”可知非英国人通常认为，所有的英国人都有标准口音。故选A。

2．What do people think of the Brummie accent？__D__

A．Favored by foreign visitors to the UK.

B．Closest to the RP accent.

C．Smart and easy to understand.

D．Spoken by people of lower class.

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The lowest－rated accent was Brummie，native to people from Birmingham，a city whose accent is considered working class.”可知人们认为下层社会的人有Brummie口音。故选D。

3．What does the underlined phrase “doing the opposite” in Paragraph 4 refer to？__B__

A．Speaking in a RP accent.

B．Speaking in regional accents.

C．Speaking the Brummie accent.

D．Speaking like Harry Potter.

解析：词义猜测题。上文“However，there is no need to be disappointed though you are not speaking in an RP accent.”句意为：然而，尽管你没有使用标准发音，也没有必要感到失望。由此推断出“In fact，doing the opposite may even give you strength.”的意思是：事实上，说话带有地方口音甚至会给你力量。下文举了一个例子说明。故选B。

4．What is the passage mainly about？__D__

A．A study about the most intelligent accent in Britain.

B．A comparison between different British accents.

C．How much British people value the RP accent.

D．The impact of regional accents on people’s lives.

解析：主旨大意题。通过阅读文章，可知本文通过介绍英国标准音之外的一些方言使用情况，说明了地方口音对人们生活的影响。故选D。

Ⅱ.完形填空

The English language is different from any other language.Yet English words do not stay the __1.D__.They are always changing.People need __2.B__ words for new inventions and new ideas.Different words come into __3.B__，or older words are used in a new way.

English can change by __4.A__ words from other languages.Tomato was borrowed __5.B__Mexico and pajamas from India.The word coffee __6.A__ from Turkey, and tea came from  China.Now，new space and science words are  being borrowed from other countries，__7.C__.

New words are also made __8.D__ adding two words together.Strawberry, popcorn, and grandfather are words made up of __9.C__parts.Sometimes new words are __10.A__ forms of older words.The word photo was made from photograph by cutting off the __11.B__ of the longer word.Plane was made by cutting off the __12.C__ part of airplane.Smog was made by using only the first two and last two letters from the words smoke and fog.

The __13.D__ of people and products can become new words.Our sandwich was  named __14.B__ a man named Sandwich.Scotch Tape, Band－aid, and Jello were names made up by the companies that first __15.C__ the products.

文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明英语不同于其他任何一种语言，它不是一成不变的。其中很多单词来自其他语言。

1．A．old　　　　　　　　 B．place

C．past D．same

解析：通过第二段的提示“English can change...”以及第三、四段的内容可知。英语词汇不是一成不变的。故选D项。

2．A．many B．new

C．mixed D．difficult

解析：由该句中的“new inventions and new...”可以看出，当新发明出现时，需要新的词汇对它进行命名。故选B项。

3．A．books B．use

C．life D．science

解析：come into use为固定短语，意为“开始被使用”。故选B项。

4．A．borrowing B．lending

C．moving D．sucking

解析：由下文的提示“Tomato was borrowed...”可以看出，有的英语词汇是从其他语言借鉴而来的。故选A项。

5．A．in B．from

C．to D．between

解析：由下文的“from India”可以看出，“Tomato”借自墨西哥的语言。故选B项。

6．A．came B．borrowed

C．went D．brought

解析：由后文的“came from China”可以看出该空答案为came。come from“来自”。故选A项。

7．A．either B．yet

C．too D．already

解析：由空格所在句可以看出，与太空和科学相关的新词汇也正在借鉴他国语言。too表示“也”时可用逗号将其与句子的其他部分隔开。故选C项。

8．A．with B．from

C．through D．by

解析：by表示“通过某种方式”，符合该句语意。故选D项。

9．A．seven B．eleven

C．two D．ten

解析：根据该句中所给的合成词可以看出，这些词都是由两个词构成的。故选C项。

10．A．shorter B．simple

C．easier D．proper

解析：由后文所举的例子photo是photograph的简写形式可以看出，有的新词汇是由旧词汇缩短而来的。故选A项。

11．A．beginning B．end

C．middle D．bottom

解析：photo是将photograph的后半部分去掉后形成的新词。the end of “……的末尾”。故选B项。

12．A．back B．behind

C．front D．above

解析：plane是将airplane的前半部分去掉后形成的。故选C项。

13．A．spelling B．characters

C．addresses D．names

解析：后文讲述的是各种产品的名称，故该空应选择names。故选D项。

14．A．to B．after

C．by D．on

解析：be named after为固定搭配，表示“以……命名”。故选B项。

15．A．did B．got

C．made D．invented

解析：that引导的定语从句修饰the companies，而公司与这些产品的关系应该是“生产”，即该句中所提到的产品的名字均来自首先制造这些产品的公司。故选C项。

Ⅲ.语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Elias was born in the 20th century when the black people were put into a miserable position __1.where__  they had no rights at all.Elias，like most black people in South Africa，had little __2.education__(educate)and was worried __3.about__ whether he would become out of work.This was the very reason __4.why__ he met Mandela.Mandela always encouraged him not to lose heart.

At that time，black people had no rights of __5.voting__(vote)．They couldn’t get jobs they wanted.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.They were sent to the poor areas  __6.where__ no one could grow food.

Nelson Mandela organized the ANC Youth League to fight against the __7.government__(govern)．They  first  broke  the  law  in  a __8.peaceful__ (peace) way.

When it was not allowed，they decided to answer violence with violence.So Elias joined the ANC Youth League，helping Nelson Mandela blow up some government __9.buildings__(build)．Elias __10.strongly__(strong) believed what he did would help them achieve their dream of making black and white people equal.

文章大意：这是一篇人物传记。叙述了伊利亚斯同曼德拉一起为黑人权利而斗争的故事。

解析：

1．考查关系副词。句意：伊利亚斯出生于20世纪，当时黑人被置于一个毫无权利可言的悲惨境地。miserable position为先行词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以用关系副词。故填where。

2．考查名词。句意：像南非的大多数黑人一样，伊利亚斯几乎没有受过教育，他担心自己会失业。little为限定词，修饰名词education。故填 education。

3．考查介词。句意同上。be worried about“担心……”为固定短语。故填about。

4．考查关系副词。句意：这正是他遇见曼德拉的原因。the reason为先行词，定语从句中缺少原因状语，所以用关系副词why。故填why。

5．考查动名词。句意：当时黑人没有选举权。of 为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填voting。

6．考查关系副词。句意：他们被送到贫困地区，那里没有人能种植食物。poor areas为先行词，定语从中缺少地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填 where。

7．考查名词。句意：纳尔逊·曼德拉组织了非国大青年联盟来对抗政府。against为介词，后接名词，且空前有the，所以用名词。故填government。

8．考查形容词。句意：刚开始，他们以和平的方式来破坏法律。peaceful为形容词，修饰名词way。故填peaceful。

9．考查名词。句意：于是伊利亚斯加入了非国大青年联盟，帮助纳尔逊·曼德拉炸毁了一些政府大楼。government为名词，修饰名词buildings。故填buildings。

10．考查副词。句意：伊利亚斯坚信他所做的一切将帮助他们实现让黑人和白人平等的梦想。strongly为副词修饰动词believed。故填strongly。