2023青岛高二上学期期中考试物理试题含答案
展开2022—2023学年度第一学期期中学业水平测试
高二物理答案及评分标准 2022.11
一、单项选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分。
1.C 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.C
二、多项选择题:本大题共4小题,每小题4分,共16分,选不全得2分,有选错得0分。
9.BD 10.AC 11.ACD 12.CD
三、非选择题
13.(6分)
(1) > (2分);
(2)画一个尽可能小的圆把尽可能多的点包含在内,其圆心就是落点位置(2分);
(3) m1∙OP = m1∙OM+m2∙ON (1分);m1∙OP2= m1∙OM2+m2∙ON2(1分)
14.(7分)
(1) 0.435±0.02 (2分);(2) B、D、F (3分);(3)(2分);
15.(8分)
(1)如果小球没有初速度则小球做简谐运动,
则简谐运动的周期为·······························(1分)
小球从A处到B孔的运动
时间为,(n=0,1,2,3,…)·····················(1分)
解得:···········································(2分)
(2)小球沿MN方向小球做匀速直线运动,则·················(2分)
解得,(n=0,1,2,3,…)·······················(2分)
评分标准:第1问,4分;第2问,4分。共8分。
16.(9分)
(1)解:由v-t图像可知木块与木箱最终共速,
则·············································(2分)
解得m=M·······································(1分)
(2)从开始运动到共速的过程,根据能量守恒定律可得
···············································(2分)
解得两物体的相对路程为····························(1分)
(3)由图知共碰撞三次,都是弹性碰撞,到共速为止所花总时间为
···············································(2分)
由速度图像的面积含义及碰撞次数可得,木箱运动的位移为
···············································(1分)
评分标准:第1问,3分;第2问,3分;第3问,3分。共9分。
17. (14分)
(1)滑动变阻器串入电路最大阻值时,电路中的电流最小,由乙图可知,
此时有I1=0.3A,U1=6V
所以滑动变阻器的最大阻值为Rm==20Ω···············(2分)
(2)由乙图可得,电流最大时,有I2=0.9A,U2=0V
由于E=U1+I1R0··································(1分)
E=U2+I2R0······································(1分)
可得E=9V······································(1分)
R0=10Ω········································(1分)
(3)滑动变阻器的功率为P1-I2R1=························(2分)
由于
故当满足········································(1分)
滑动变阻器的功率最大,最大功率为P1m==2.025W······(1分)
(4)由胡克定律知mg=kx
R连入电路中的有效电阻Rx=x=······················(1分)
根据闭合电路的欧姆定律可知I=······················(1分)
则Ux=IRx=·····································(1分)
得:Ux=········································(1分)
评分标准:第1问,2分;第2问,4分;第3问,4分;第4问,4分。共14分。
18.(16分)
(1)由图乙可知=10-3.75t
x=10t-3.75t2···································(2分)
可得v0=10m/s,加速度a=7.5m/s2
a=µg可得µ=0.75·································(1分)
(2)假设物块A在木板B上与B共速后木板才到达右侧平台,对AB系统,
由动量守恒定律
由能量关系······································(1分)
解得············································(1分)
B板从开始滑动到AB共速的过程中,
对B由动能定理····································(1分)
解得············································(1分)
即假设成立;B撞平台后,A在B上继续向右运动,对A由动能定理
···············································(2分)
解得v3=2m/s····································(1分)
(3)由题分析可知C的速度方向向左,以向右为正方向,设为v5=-0.5m/s
对AD和C系统,由动量守恒定律·······················(1分)
三者速度相同时弹性势能最大,由动量守恒定律
···············································(1分)
由能量关系可知···································(2分)
解得············································(2分)
评分标准:第1问,3分;第2问,7分;第3问,6分。共16分。
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