第16讲 Unit3 Sports and Fitness-单元复习与提升- 2022-2023学年高一英语同步精品讲义（人教2019必修第一册）

16 单元复习与提升1 分层单词写作词汇1. event n.比赛项目；大事；公开活动2. ski adj.滑雪的 vi.滑雪3. track n.跑道；足迹；铁路轨道 vt.& vi.追踪；跟踪4. sweat vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi.出汗；流汗 n.汗水；出汗5. master n.高手；主人 vt.精通；掌握6. medal n.奖章；勋章7. apart adv.分离；分开；成碎片8. captain n.（运动队）队长；船长；机长9. pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮10. million num.一百万11. cheat vi.作弊；舞弊 vt.欺骗；蒙骗 n.欺骗手段；骗子12. slim adj.苗条的；单薄的13. diet n.规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食14. rather adv.相当；有点儿阅读词汇1. soccer n.足球；足球运动2. stadium n.（pl.stadiums or stadia）体育场；运动场3. boxing n.拳击（运动）4. badminton n.羽毛球运动5. marathon n.马拉松赛跑6. gym n.健身房；体育馆7. athlete n.运动员；运动健儿8. audience n.观众；听众9. error n.错误；差错拓展词汇1. fitnessn.健康；健壮；适合→fitadj.适合的；健康的 vt.适合→unfitadj.不适合的2. hostvt.主办；主持n.主人；东道主；节目主持人→hostessn.女主人3. honourn.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸→honourableadj.可敬的;值得钦佩的→honouredadj.受尊敬的4. gloryn.荣誉;光荣;赞美→gloriousadj.光荣的;辉煌的5. determinationn.决心,决定→determinev.决定→determinedadj.坚决的6. championshipn.锦标赛;冠军赛;冠军称号→championn.冠军;优胜者7. injurevt.使受伤;损害→injuryn.伤害;损伤→injuredadj.受伤的;有伤的8. strengthn.力量;体力→strengthenv.加强→strongadj.强壮的;坚强的9. failuren.失败;失败的人（或事物）→failv.失败10. competevi.竞争;对抗→competitionn.竞争;比赛→competitiveadj.竞争的;有竞争力的→competitorn.竞争者11. positiveadj.积极的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的→positivelyadv.乐观地;肯定地;积极地12. jogvi.慢跑 n.慢跑→joggingn.慢跑锻炼→joggern.慢跑锻炼者13. stressn.压力;紧张;重音 vt.强调;重读;使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安→stressfuladj.压力重的;紧张的→stressedadj.焦虑不安的2 高频短语1. come along跟随;到达;进步;赶快2. work out锻炼;计算出;解决3. set an example树立榜样4. fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃5. lose heart丧失信心；泄气6. give up放弃；投降7. make sense有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚8. pretend to do sth.假装做某事9. even if/though即使;虽然10. make a difference有作用或影响11. rather than而不是12. cut... out停止做（或使用、食用）；剪下13. now and then有时;偶尔14. compare...with/to...与……比较3 经典句型1. Losing two important players（损失两员大将）was a big challenge, but Lang Ping did not lose heart.（动名词作主语）2. Jordan’s skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique（使他与众不同）.（make+宾语+宾补）3. In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed to find a way（似乎找到一个方法） to win.（seem to do）4. They need some volunteers, don’t they（不是吗）?（反意疑问句）5. A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team（即使有助于他/她的球队）. （even if）    【话题重现】Richard likes all kinds of sports, such as soccer, boxing, badminton, skiing, and track and field sports 1._________ marathons and jogging. He once won championships in many sports events. Over the years, he 2. ________________（inspire） by the applause of millions of audiences. Recently he has put on 3. ________（weigh）. He’s afraid that his health will fall apart, so he goes on a diet with determination and tries to be slim. As we know, exercise and dieting will make 4. ________big difference to one’s fitness. He does push-ups every day and thinks it makes sense to do so. As a result, his fitness 5. _____________（improve） a lot compared with the past. In addition, Richard is good at gymnastics. Now and then, he is seen 6. ________（work） out in a gym or stadium. He never gives up training 7. ________ he is injured. Meeting with failures, he faces them bravely rather than losing heart. Once, he took part in the gymnastics championship 8. ________（host） by China to compete with the world’s gymnastics masters. In spite of his leg injury and mental stress, he had the determination 9. ________（become） the champion. Encouraged by his captain, he gathered all his strength and 10. ________（final） made it.答案：1. like 2. .has been inspired 3. weight 4. a 5. has improved 6. working 7. though  8. hosted 9. to become 10. finally【主题词汇】单句语法填空1．Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical _____________ (fit)．2．If you want to lose weight, too，I recommend _____________ (do) exercise in the gym.3．The _____________ (positive) an article is on the Internet, the more likely it is to be shared.4．The teacher _____________ (stress) yesterday that the students should not leave out any important details while retelling the story.5．My physical _____________ (strong) came back to me quickly in that friendly atmosphere.6．A quick review of successes and _____________ (fail) at the end of year will help shape your year ahead.7．Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, _____________ (determine) to test my own theory on this.8．Not only the students but also the teacher _____________ (be) interested in the story.9．In our modern society, it is important_____________ (master) a foreign language.10．It was the culture，rather _____________ the language，that  made it hard for him to adapt to the life abroad.答案：1.fitness  2. doing  3. more positive  4. stressed  5. strength  6. failures  7. determined  8. is  9. to master  10. thanⅡ.句子翻译1．很荣幸和您分享这个故事。(honour)____________________________________________________________________________2．只要你有决心，你可以在这个世界上做任何事情。(determination)____________________________________________________________________________3．课外活动让我们丰富知识、强健身体成为可能。(make)____________________________________________________________________________4．我们假装什么事情也没发生。(nothing)____________________________________________________________________________5．即使天气不好，我们也要去旅行。(even if/though)____________________________________________________________________________6．你一旦开始，就必须进行下去。(once)____________________________________________________________________________答案：1.It is an honour to share the story with you.2.As long as you have determinatio，you can do anything in this world.3.Extra-curricular activities _make it possible for us__ to enrich knowledge and build up bodies.4.We pretended (that)nothing had happened.5.We’ll make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad.6.Once you begin，you must go on. Ⅰ.阅读理解(1)
About 1.4 billion people around the world do not get enough physical exercise.The world's adult population is about 5.6 billion, so that is tantamount to about one­fourth of the world's adult population.Researchers looked at 358 population­based studies between 2001 and 2016.Those studies referred to nearly 2 million people in 168 countries.Regina Guthold was the lead author of the report.She said the study also found a wide range(范围)of physical activity levels for countries around the world.“Inactivity ranges from as low as 6 percent in Uganda and Mozambique to 67 percent in Kuwait.Four countries have a prevalence(普通)of inactivity of over 50 percent.That's Kuwait, America Samoa, Saudi Arabia and Iraq，” she said.The report shows the levels of physical inactivity are more than two times as high in wealthy countries as they are in countries where people have low incomes.In wealthier countries, people are more likely to spend time sitting in offices.They are also more likely to use computers and electronic devices (设备) for entertainment.There are actually many things people can do for themselves.If you work in a high­rise office building, take the stairs instead of an elevator.Go for a walk during your lunch break.Take more breaks during the workday and move around.If your workplace offers a gym or exercise classes, make sure to use them.At home, take walks with your family or friends after dinner.1．What does the underlined part “tantamount to” in Paragraph 1 mean?A．Familiar to.　　　　 B．Harmful to.C．Used to.    D．Equal to.2．Which country is the most active?A．Uganda.    B．Kuwait.C．Saudi Arabia.    D．Iraq.3．What can we learn about people in wealthy countries in Paragraph 4?A．They are less active.B．They often exercise indoors.C．They don't have time to exercise.D．They don't think exercise important.4．What's the author's purpose in writing the last paragraph?A．To draw people's attention to the problem.B．To give some advice to non­exercisers.C．To introduce a new topic for discussion.D．To add some background information.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球有近四分之一的成年人有运动量不足的问题。1.解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的1.4 billion及5.6 billion可知，运动量不足的人相当于成人人口的四分之一，故画线部分与D项意思相近。2.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，研究发现，乌干达人的不活动度只有6%，而科威特、沙特阿拉伯和伊拉克的不活动度超过50%。由此可知，乌干达人是活动量最大的。3.解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可知，富裕国家的人们经常在办公室久坐，并常通过电脑或者一些电子设备来消遣。由此可推知，富裕国家的人不太活动。4.解析：选B　写作意图题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者主要为不经常运动的人提供了一些如何提高运动量的建议。(2)Sport is not only physically challenging, but can also be mentally challenging.Criticism from coaches, parents and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes.Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself.The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives.Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children.Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find faults in themselves.Coaches and parents should also pay attention that youth sport participation does not become work for children.The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons.In today's youth sport setting young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport.Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find faults with youngsters' performances.Positive support should be provided regardless of the outcome.Research indicates that positive support motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism.Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.5．An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is         ．A．to make sport less competitiveB．to increase their sense of successC．to reduce their mental stressD．to make sport more challenging6．According to the passage, sport is positive for young people because         ．A．it can help them learn more about societyB．it enables them to find faults in themselvesC．it can provide them with valuable experiencesD．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves7．According to the passage parents and coaches should         ．A．pay more attention to letting children enjoy sportB．help children to win every gameC．train children to cope with stressD.enable children to understand the positive aspect of sport8．The author's purpose in writing the passage is         ．A．to teach young athletes how to avoid burnoutB．to persuade children not to worry about criticismC.to stress the importance of positive support to childrenD.to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在体育运动中，父母和教练应对孩子多鼓励，少批评，让孩子用积极的心态去迎接挑战。5.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.可知，压力会引起疲劳，故消除疲劳的方法是减少压力。6.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.可知，运动会给年轻人带来有价值的经历。7.解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可总结出父母和教练应该变批评为鼓励，以减轻孩子们的心理压力，使他们拥有积极的动机，从而更喜欢体育运动。8.解析：选C　写作意图题。纵观全文可知，作者通过描述压力对孩子们参加运动的诸多负面影响，使父母和教练们意识到只有更多积极的鼓励，减少批评，才能让孩子们喜欢体育运动。 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Hey, Mom, let's take the boat out today for a family fishing trip！” my nine­year­old Steven suggested.It was a perfect day for fishing and before long Steven and his two sisters rushed to the boat.My husband Jim took the fishing tools while I filled the picnic basket.Soon we were speeding across the water.Steven, who was interested in fishing, was proud that he was learning how to throw Jim's large net (网).As the boat slowed, Steven turned to his Dad.“Will you let me throw the net today？” he asked with excitement in his eyes.“Do you think you are ready？”Jim smiled.“You have practiced a lot, but throwing the net from a boat will be different.”“I can do it.Trust me.”The family watched while Steven dealt with the large net. Twisting (扭转) his body, Steven threw the net, which was as big as him, away from the boat.It slowly landed in a circle on top of the water.We were happy for him and Steven laughed.Suddenly, his happy face turned to horror (惊恐) as he watched the net disappear.“Oh, no！” Steven cried.“I was so excited that I forgot to catch the rope！Now it's going to the bottom！”We watched helplessly.However, Steven broke our silence with hope in his voice, “Wait! I can get it back! I'll just use my fishing line and the hook (钩子) to get it back.” We were not sure about it actually.Jim drove the boat in wide circles while we tried to remember the place the net went down.“It was over there，” pointed Lori.“No，it wasn't.It was closer to that place，” said Betsy.“Look，guys，” Jim said.“There is no way we are going to get it back.Even if we knew the exact place, the water has moved the boat's position.By now the water has swept the net away or it's lying on the bottom.It's gone.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。Then Steven turned to his Dad.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　“This is your last chance，” Betsy said.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　参考范文：Then Steven turned to his Dad.“Please let me hook the net and I can get it back，” Steven said.“Even if you can hook it, your hook isn't big enough to pull the net into the boat，” Jim argued. Steven looked so sad that Jim had to say, “Okay, you can try, but you only have three chances, and then we'll have to go home.”“Thanks, Dad.”However, for the  first two tries, nothing happened.Then Steven prepared for his third try.“This is your last chance，” Betsy said.“Yeah, I know.But this time I'll try my best，” Steven said firmly.“Well, good try，” Jim said.“Now it's time to finish the fishing trip and go home.”“Wait, Dad！” Steven cried in excitement.“There's something on my hook! I can feel it! It's heavy！” Could it be the net? We looked at it in disbelief. Yes, it was the very net! “What luck, Steven! What luck! I never thought this could really happen！” Jim said excitedly, with a big smile on his face.