高考英语一轮复习unit 20 new frontiers能力提升训练含答案

  Unit 20　New Frontiers

能力提升题组训练(A)

Ⅰ.阅读(2019高三双语报36期)

When people see machines that respond like humans,they sometimes joke about a future in which humanity will need to accept too many robots.But buried in the joke is a seed of unease.Science-fiction writings and popular movies have always shown us artificial intelligence (AI).It goes beyond the expectation of its creators and escapes their control,eventually outcompeting and enslaving humans or targeting humans for extinction.

Even in the real world,not everyone is ready to welcome AI with open arms.In recent years,as computer scientists have pushed the boundaries of what AI can accomplish,leading figures in technology and science have warned about the frightening dangers that artificial intelligence may pose to humans.But why are people so frightened about the idea of AI?

Elon Musk is one of the famous voices that have raised red flags about AI.In July 2017,Musk told attendees at a meeting of the National Governors Association,“I think people should be really concerned about AI.I keep sounding the alarm bell .But until people see robots going down the street and killing people,they don’t know how to react,because the current influence doesn’t seem so overwhelming.” Physicist Stephen Hawking also expressed concerns about AI,once telling the BBC that the development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.

However,fears that AI will develop awareness and defeat humanity are grounded in misconceptions about what AI is,noted Weinberger,an associate professor.AI operates under very specific limitations defined by the algorithms (算法) that state its behavior.Some types of problems match AI’s skill sets well,making certain tasks relatively easy for AI to complete.“But most things do not match them,and they’re not applicable,”Weinberger said.

The other worrisome idea that a dishonest human would control AI for harmful actions is,unfortunately,far more likely,Weinberger added.Almost any type of machine or tool can be used for either good or bad purposes,depending on the user’s intent.But that misuse should not attribute to artificial intelligence.

1.What is behind people’s joke about AI?

A.Their fear for humans’ acceptance of AI. B.Their praise for AI’s role in human development.

C.Their pride in the achievements made in AI. D.Their concern about AI’s threat to humans.

2.The underlined word “overwhelming”in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by 　　　. 

A.fundamental B.powerful C.positive D.absolute

3.What do the algorithms do according to Weinberger?

A.Achieve AI’s fast progress in the future. B.Make AI more intelligent than humans.

C.Carefully define the boundaries of AI. D.Urge governments to make stricter laws.

4.What is Weinberger’s attitude towards AI?

A.Objective. B.Negative.

C.Uncaring. D.Curious.

语篇解读:本文是议论文。谈到了人类对人工智能的不同态度:有人认为人工智能的发展是对人类的威胁;而有的人认为只有被坏人利用时,人工智能才能变成他们作恶的工具。

答案及剖析:

1.D　细节理解题。根据第一、二段的内容可知,人们对人工智能开玩笑的背后,隐藏着他们对人工智能发展壮大的担忧,怕AI威胁到人类的生存。

2.B　词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容可以推断,除非看见机器人追杀人类,否则因为当前的影响看起来不大,人类不会对它们做出反应的。故划线单词可译为:巨大的,严重的。

3.C　推理判断题。根据第四段可知,人工智能的行为受算法的特别限制,所以有的问题人工智能是不能完成的。可见,Weinberger认为人工智能能力的边界是受到严格限制的。

4.A　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段的...fears that AI...are grounded in misconceptions about what AI is.以及最后一段The other worrisome idea...is...far more likely...可知,Weinberger既分析了AI战胜人类的错误观念,也表达了可能的担忧,所以他的态度是客观的。

Ⅱ.七选五(2019湖北十堰高三模拟)

Steps for a Successful College Application

When it comes to getting into the college of your choice,your college application is the most important tool you have in your hands.1.　　　,while a bad one can land you at the bottom.Keep the following tips in mind when you are going through the college application process and you’ll be on the road to admission. 

Be Prepared

2.　　　,carefully look over all the questions and requirements.Dedicate a page to each college with a checklist of everything you’ll need to submit,such as transcripts,recommendations,the essay,copies of awards/certificates,etc. 

3.　　 

Former Records Technician,Carmen Huff,says the best thing students do is to get their applications early—or at least by the deadline.Colleges and universities receive so many applications that they don’t have the time to accept late ones.The more time you give the college or university to process your application,the more time you’ll have to deal with any problems that might arise,Huff says.

Watch Your GPA and Test Scores

This is the first thing that most universities look at.For example,most four-year colleges don’t have a GPA requirement,but top Ivy Leagues(常春藤联盟) usually only accept students with a 3.5 or higher GPA.However,if your GPA is weak,don’t give up applying.4.　　　. 

Write an Amazing Essay

A great essay can help tip the balance in your favor.5.　　　.Many colleges require two essays,one short and one long.What you write not only shows how literate you are,but also provides the reader with an impression of your values and beliefs. 

A.Be On Time

B.Be Patient and Determined

C.When you have a test or an exam

D.When you first receive the application

E.A great application can zip you to the front of the line

F.So,take the time to think your essay through carefully

G.Instead,be sure to emphasize your other good qualities such as any awards or community involvement

答案:1-5　EDAGF

Ⅲ.完形填空

Winters are always long and cold in North China.The winter of 2008 was especially tough in one southwestern city,　1　 it became extremely cold and it was also a difficult time for me.What was worse,a(n)　2　injury happened to me and it might keep me in bed for several months,“Just in time for the Spring Festival,” my mother said to me,sighing.But how could I feel the　3　when the snow was so heavy and I had months of physical 　4　ahead? 

One day I was doing my housework　5　there was a tap against the window from a branch of the troublesome fruit tree.On hearing this,with my eyes closed,slowly,I began to recall the fall of 1995 when somebody placed a pipe from my pump next to the tree.The earth was so wet that it 　6　immediately with most of its bare roots upward.Seeing this,my mother　7　to pull it out,but I refused.“How hard it’s trying!”I said,　8　the direction of its strong holding of the earth.“It is worthy of a chance to survive.” With tools,we 　9　dry soil around the tree and put up some supports into the ground,making it 　10　 upright. 

Several months had passed before I could be 　11　of it.Surprisingly,when spring returned,my “rescue stick” had grown some leaves and many　12　.In 2009 that little rescue stick had grown into a towering tree.What an unbelievable miracle of life! 

The day before the Spring Festival,the 　13　 at the window was continuing,the more fierce wind,the better sound,as if to remind me to look up and appreciate its powerful life. 

That night I slept peacefully having a dream.In the dream some flowers were coming out　14　.The next morning I stood against the window.　15　the window was the tree bursting with life.Anyway,I had a wonderful Spring Festival that year. 

1.A.where B.which C.when D.that

2.A.admirable B.terrible C.favorable D.slight

3.A.duty B.joy C.cold D.failure

4.A.treatment B.report C.exercise D.experiment

5.A.while B.as C.when D.that

6.A.stood up B.came out C.got out D.fell down

7.A.decided B.pretended C.failed D.continued

8.A.attaching to B.watching over  C.looking into D.pointing to

9.A.threw B.turned C.needed D.placed

10.A.bend B.drop C.stand D.swing

11.A.aware B.tired C.worthwhile D.proud

12.A.roots B.nuts C.flowers D.stems

13.A.tapping B.striking C.attacking D.hitting

14.A.politely B.shyly C.passively D.wildly

15.A.Above B.Outside C.Inside D.Besides

语篇解读:这是一篇记叙文。作者在一个严寒的冬天受了重伤,需要卧床几个月,心情郁闷。偶然树枝敲打窗户唤起了作者对这棵树的回忆。这棵树顽强的生命力鼓舞了作者,从而心情变得平和,那年的春节也过得很愉快。

答案及剖析:

1.A　分析句子可知,city是先行词,横线处在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故A项切题。

2.B　admirable令人钦佩的;terrible可怕的;favorable赞成的;slight轻微的。由“it might keep me in bed for several months”可知,可能要卧床几个月。可判断出作者受伤严重。故B项切题。

3.B　duty职责;joy快乐;cold寒冷;failure失败。由上文“Just in time for the Spring Festival,” 可知“正好赶上春节”,所以会感受到快乐。故B项切题。

4.A　treatment治疗;report报告;exercise练习;experiment实验。由上文可知,作者受了重伤,所以要接受物理治疗。故A项切题。

5.C　was/were doing sth.when...“正在做某事时另一件事发生了”为固定句型。故C项切题。

6.D　stood up站起来;came out出版;got out 取出;fell down倒塌。地面如此湿,才导致了塌陷。故D选项切题。

7.A　decided决定;pretended假装;failed失败;continued继续。由“but”可知此处意为:看到这个,妈妈决定把它拖出来,但是我拒绝了。

8.D　attaching to依附;watching over看护;looking into调查;pointing to指向。句意:我指着它牢牢抓住泥土的方向说。由“the direction”可知,point to符合句意。

9.D　threw投;turned转动;needed需要;placed放置。由上文可知,树根裸露在外,所以要想让树存活,就需要在周围培上土。故D项切题。

10.C　bend弯曲;drop落下;stand站;swing 摇摆。由“put up some supports into the ground”可知,在地上支起一些支撑物,就是让树直立起来。故C项切题。

11.A　由下文“Surprisingly”可知,几个月过去了,我才意识到这一点,be aware of“意识到,察觉到”符合句意。

12.C　roots根;nuts坚果;flowers鲜花;stems干。由下文“In the dream some flowers were coming out wildly”,可知,在梦里,一些鲜花正在怒放。所以作者看到树开了花,在梦里也梦到了花正在怒放。故C项切题。

13.A　tapping轻敲;striking打击;attacking攻击;hitting打。由前文“there was a tap against the window”可知,窗户上的敲打声一直持续到春节的前一天。故A项切题。

14.D　politely礼貌地;shyly害羞地;passively被动地;wildly狂热地。句意:在梦里,一些鲜花正在怒放。wildly“狂热地”表示花开得非常好,也象征着生命的活力。故D项切题。

15.B　Above在……上;Outside在外面;Inside在里面;Besides除……之外。句意:窗外是一棵生机勃勃的树。树长在窗外,所以outside“在外面”符合句意。

能力提升题组训练(B)

Ⅰ.阅读

A

My daughter recently expressed interest in riding more.We live in a small city,and bicycles are a popular transportation choice here.I was excited at her choice.She would soon learn how easy it is to get around in this way,how fast she can ride on two wheels.Bike tours are often quicker than bus or cab or car trips are.

Much to my surprise, none of this mattered to her.On one of our first trips together,I was fixing on the route ahead—turns, arrival time—when she said,“Hey Dad,wanna know a riddle?”

And then,before I explained how unsuitable this was,how we shouldn’t be telling jokes while riding,how we should be focused on the road,on reaching our destination as soon as we could, she started,“What lasts forever but never dies?”

This is how it’s been.She has shared stories from the past,hopes for the future.I have been challenged to ride backward and to stretch legs out on both sides.

None of these have been dangerous,mind you.My daughter does not ride without proper care.She pulls even with me,for instance only on wide,empty streets.When the car appears,she quietly slips behind me and holds both eyes to the road.As soon as conditions of basic safety are met,though...

“Dad,slow down!Isn’t this a lovely neighborhood?” my daughter asks.

It is a lovely neighborhood. I’m surprised.I’ve come this way countless times, but never have I noticed any of this.Farther down the road,the laughter of children comes out from a game of ball.

I make a promise.From now on,I’m going to move more slowly on these rides.I’m going to notice the neighborhoods we move through.I’m going to enjoy this.

1.The writer had thought that riding would help her daughter 　　　 . 

A.go somewhere conveniently B.have more bike excursions alone

C.do some tricks on the bike D.learn the importance of time in travelling

2.According to the text,the writer’s daughter 　　　 . 

A.ignored the traffic while riding B.had a good sense of safety

C.kept talking without looking ahead D.enjoyed challenging any danger on the road

3.While looking at the neighborhood,the writer realized 　　　 . 

A.how easily his daughter was distracted B.what a good neighborhood looked like

C.what he missed in the course of riding D.why a neighborhood needed a garden

4.What promise did the writer make?

A.To be conscious of time in riding. B.To take his daughter to ride more often.

C.To focus his attention on the destination. D.To ride slowly to enjoy the beauty along the road.

 语篇解读:本文是记叙文。作者和女儿一起骑自行车出去玩的时候,自己总是想着早点到达目的地,而女儿却要求他慢下来,欣赏沿途的风景。

答案及剖析:

1.A 　细节理解题。结合第一段的“learn how easy it is to get around in this way...than bus or cab or car trips are.”可知,作者认为女儿学会了骑自行车后可以方便出行。

2.B 　细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“My daughter does not ride without proper care.”以及后文可知,作者的女儿虽然在骑车的过程中总是不断地看这看那,并且总是说话,但是实际上她却非常注意安全问题。

3.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句“I’ve come this way countless times,but never have I noticed any of this.”可知,作者意识到自己平时在骑车的时候忽视了周围的美。

4.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,作者保证从那天起会骑得慢些,懂得欣赏周边,享受其中的美。

B

A new type of robot could help industries to cut costs and make better products.

Industrial robots have long been dangerous,caged creatures.But in recent years, the barriers between robots and humans have been coming down.A friendlier type of robot has begun appearing on the factory floor—and with it,a new way of working that could cut costs in many industries.

One area that has benefited hugely is the car industry.“In a car plant,a vehicle is produced every minute, and approximately 1,000 cars are made a day,”said Adolfo Suarez Roos,the Airbus Group expert who works with robotics on the French National Research Agency project ICARO.On the project,robots are able to help workers with repetitive tasks.

Suarez is hopeful the same success can be enjoyed while making planes. But given that robotics isn’t as widely used,the challenges are very different.“When making cars a robot has 40 seconds to do its job and the complete programming task takes about a month,”he said.“At Airbus,we produce 1.5 aircraft per day,so we have to look at tasks that will last several hours.We need mobile robots and a very simple way to program the robot.”

At Cranfield University,the EPSRC Centre in Intelligent Automation is trying to make this a reality for flight. An important part of the work is understanding how tasks can be divided between industrial robots and human operators to make use of the skills of both.When man and machine are working together over long periods of time,engineers are looking at how human can improve the robot or the robot can improve the human.

The project,called Futurassy, last year began introducing the robots to perform the processes that could be used across other sites by Airbus,an aircraft company.

The first robotic unit bought by Airbus arrived last year,and is now used at the A380 station, where humans now work with the robot. Key to the success of this project is safety,and making sure that the barriers between human and robot are just enough to still allow a productive working relationship.

Prof Phil Webb claims there is no doubt that the number of robots putting together aircraft will increase significantly over the next few years.Cost pressures placed on the traditional centers in North America and Europe mean they soon won’t have a choice but to move ahead with robotics.

5.Which industry has benefited a lot from robotics according to the article?

A.The car industry. B.The plane industry.

C.The computer industry. D.The service industry.

6.What are the main difficulties of using robots to make planes?

a.The high cost of robots.

b.The safety of using robots.

c.The poor creativity of robots.

d.Task division between human and robots.

e.Finding an easy way to program the robots.

A.a,b,c B.b,c,d C.a,c,e D.b,d,e

7.What is the main factor that has pushed the aircraft industry to move ahead with robotics?

A.Technology development. B.Cost pressures.

C.A shortage of workers. D.The low efficiency of workers.

8.What is the article mainly about?

A.The use of robots in the aircraft industry. B.The advantages and disadvantages of robots.

C.The aircraft industry’s difficult situation. D.Safety tips for robotics in industries.

 语篇解读:本文主要讲了机器人在航空制造业中的应用。

答案及剖析:

5.A　细节理解题。根据第三段段首“One area that has benefited hugely is the car industry.”可判断A正确。

6.D　细节理解题。 根据第四段最后“We need mobile robots and a very simple way to program the robot.”可知e正确。根据第五段第二句“An important part of the work is...divided between industrial robots and human operators”可知d正确。根据倒数第二段第二句“Key to the success of this project is safety...”可知b正确。

7.B　细节理解题。根据全文最后一句可知,成本因素使欧美飞机制造商不得不推进机器人的应用。

8.A　主旨大意题。文章主要讨论机器人在航空制造业中的应用。

Ⅱ.语法填空

You might want to think twice before purchasing 1.　　　　 (tradition)grown strawberries,or spinach(菠菜).According to a new report from the Environmental Working Group(EWG),these foods are the most likely 2.　　　　 (pollute)with pesticide(杀虫剂). 

Even low levels of pesticide exposure(接触)can be 3.　　　　 (harm)to infants, babies and young children,so parents and caregivers should take steps to lower children’s exposures to pesticide while still 4.　　　　 (feed)them diets rich in healthy fruits 5.　　　　 vegetables. 

Just last year,the red berry knocked apples and 6.　　　　 (hold)the title of most polluted.Pesticide has increased in strawberries because 7.　　　　 out-of-season demand. 

The USDA also found spinach samples contained more pesticide by weight than all other produce 8.　　　　 (test).However,some critics have pointed out that 9.　　　　 levels of pesticide found on the food in this list,though 10.　　　　 (high)than other fruits and vegetables,are generally still well below EPA tolerance levels. 

语篇解读:本文介绍传统种植的蔬菜水果的杀虫剂问题。

答案及剖析:

1.traditionally　考查副词。此处副词修饰后面的过去分词grown。

2.to be polluted　考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth.很可能做某事,主语foods 和pollute之间是被动关系,所以用动词不定式的被动式。

3.harmful　考查固定搭配。be harmful to对……有害。

4.feeding　考查状语从句的省略。while still feeding = while parents and caregivers are still feeding。

5.and　考查连词。此处需要并列连词连接fruits和vegetables。

6.held　考查时态。根据时间状语last year可知,此处用一般过去时。

7.of　考查介词。because of由于。

8.tested　考查非谓语动词。过去分词作后置定语修饰all other produce。

9.the　考查冠词。此处特指杀虫剂的标准。

10.higher　考查比较级。根据空后面的than可知,此处用比较级。