2021河南省天一大联考高二下学期阶段性测试（四）英语含解析

这是一份2021河南省天一大联考高二下学期阶段性测试（四）英语含解析，共20页。试卷主要包含了15， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
绝密★启用前天一大联考2020-2021学年高二年级阶段性测试(四)英语考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.      B.￡9.18.      C.￡9.15.答案是C。1. Who made the reservation(预订)?A. Mary.      B. Burton.      C. David.2. What does the man offer to do?A. Pay for the bill.      B. Do the cooking.       C. Get something to eat.3. Why doesn’t the man want to go to the beach?A. He can’t bear the hot weather.B. He has no interest in it.C. He is waiting for a football match.4. What does the woman mean?A. The man is annoying.     B. Her homework is too hard.     C. The man is absent-minded.5. How did the woman speaker know about the place?A. On the Internet.       B. Through a sign.      C. From her colleague.第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What does the man say about his uncle?A. He is famous.      B. He is clever.      C. He is popular.7. When did the man's uncle begin to do medical research?A. At the age of 10.      B. At the age of 15.      C. At the age of 25.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. Where are the speakers?A. On the third floor.      B. On the fourth floor.       C. On the fifth floor.9. Where is children's clothes section?A. Next to a play area.      B. To the left of the lift.       C. At the end of the first floor.10. What will the woman do next?A. Visit men's clothes section.      B. Buy a child's shirt.      C. Withdraw some money.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11. What season is it now?A. Summer.      B. Autumn.      C. Winter.12. Why does the man disagree about a walk in the countryside?A. It is boring.      B. The weather is bad.      C. It is tiring.13. What outdoor activity do the speakers decide on?A. Ice-skating.      B. Climbing.      C. Fishing.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.      B. Parent and child.      C. Teacher and student.15. What does the man suggest the woman do with her report?A. Give examples.      B. Make comparisons.      C. Tell stories.16. What will the speakers discuss next?A. Schoolbags.       B. Computers.       C. Pictures.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What did the study in the UK find out?A. Five people got hurt while doing DIY.B. Many people failed to complete some DIY tasks.C. Half of the people planned to do DIY in the future.18. How did the speaker’s friend feel about the accident?A. Worried.      B. Annoyed.      C. Confused.19. Why did the speaker think he was lucky?A. He wasn't badly hurt.      B. He repaired his shelves.      C. He finished his DIY work.20. What is the talk mainly about?A. Unexpected mistakes.      B. House repairs.      C. DIY troubles.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AExplore the National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden, which offers a relaxing setting for you to enjoy works of modern sculpture.Chair Transformation Number 20B, made in 1996-by Lucas SamarasHere, Samaras explores the double meaning of "flight", referring to both the stairlike form created by the stacked chairs, and the movement of a single chair moving through space. From different viewpoints, the sculpture appears to be upright, leaning back, or springing forward. From the side, it even appears like a zigzagging(之字形的)line.Typewriter Eraser, Scale X, made in 1998-by Coosje van BruggenThe artist chose the typewriter eraser as his model for this work based upon childhood memories of playing with the object in his father's office. Here the brush arcs(作弧形运动)back, conveying a sense of motion, as if the wheel-like eraser were rolling down the hill and making its way towards the gate of the garden.Moondog, model 1974, made in 1998-1999-by Tony SmithThe title itself comes from two sources: Moondog was the name of a blind poet and folk musician who lived in New York City, and Smith has also compared this sculpture to Dog Barking at the Moon, a painting by Joan Miro. He first created Moondog in 1974 as a 33-inch cardboard model and cast it in bronze as a garden sculpture in 1980. This version was designed by Smith, but it was not completed until after his death.Cheval Rouge (Red Horse), made in 1964-by Alexander CalderDuring the last two decades of his life, Alexander Calder devoted his greatest efforts to large-scale mobiles and stabiles(立式抽象派雕塑), many of which have become popular public landmarks in cities around the world. Here the silky legs and tensile(张力的)up-thrust "neck" recall the power of a horse. This stabile reflects Calder’s statement: "I want to make things that are fun to look at."21. What can we learn about the sculpture Moondog?A. It was originally intended for a garden.      B. It was the only work of its creator.C. It was inspired by a modem painter.         D. It wasn’t completed by its designer.22. Which was based on its creator's early life?A. Moondog.                    B. Cheval Rouge (Red Horse).C. Typewriter Eraser, Scale X.      D. Chair Transformation Number 20B.23. Whose work was created the earliest?A. Tony Smith's.   B. Lucas Samaras'.   C. Alexander Calder's.    D. Coosje van Bruggen's.BIt was 1954 when a young traveler named Robert Beach was hitching rides on his way from Tampa, Florida to Los Angeles, California. His ride broke down on one cold night in Deming. Beach remembered being tired, hungry, and cold. With no money in his pocket, he wondered where he might spend the night. Police officers approached Beach who was standing downtown and he begged them to take him to prison just so he could be warm. The officers of course refused his request as he had not done anything wrong. Beach found a business doorway and settled in for the night.When morning came, an Asian man walked out of the building and asked him how he might help and then handed him a bag of donuts, Beach recalled. Those were likely the best donuts he had ever tasted. Then reaching out to his family, he returned home immediately.Now, sixty-seven years later, Beach got in touch with the Deming-Luna Chamber of Commerce and told his story about his brief sojourn in Deming to the new Executive Director Debbie Troyer. Troyer posted Beach's story on the Chamber of Commerce and Community Facebook page where several people thought Beach might be referring to the Bowman’s Bakery on Pine Street. The community continued its search while the workers continued to look through old phone directories(电话簿). Finally, they decided they had come to a dead end.After 50 years serving as a judge and entering retirement, Beach wanted to say thank-you to the community of Deming by sending a $ 1,000 check to a local homeless shelter. Margaret Fairman of Silver Linings Thrift Store and Camp Silver for the homeless rang up Beach and later the generous check he promised-a check representing the kindness of Deming-was delivered to Fairman in early February. "The Chamber would like to thank Judge Robert Beach for bringing Deming together in their search for the mysterious baker," Troyer said. "We will let you think about the owner of this generous bakery from the past and perhaps this story will find some answers."24. What did Beach ask the police to do?A. Declare him guilty.               B. Throw him into prison.C. Find him some warm clothes.       D. Show him the way to the bakery.25. What can best replace the underlined word "sojourn" in paragraph 3?A. introduction       B. speech      C. stay       D. success26. Margaret Fairman called Beach probably to          .A. keep his promise to find the baker        B. request the promised check from himC. give him the answer to the mystery       D. express thanks for his bringing Deming together27. What can be the best title for the text?A. Every Kindness Deserves a Generous RewardB. The journey to Find a Mysterious Baker in DemingC. A Young Traveler's Magic Cold Night in Deming 67 Years AgoD. Retired Rorida Judge Rewards Kindness in Deming 67 Years LaterCWhether you're an early-bird or a night-owl, getting regular exercise is still generally a good idea at some point in your schedule. It turns out, however, that when you do your workout may affect your body differently. Researchers from the University of Copenhagen and the University of California, Irvine discovered these significant differences by placing mice on a treadmill(跑步机)at various times of day. Mice are animals active at night so their biological rhythm(生物节律)runs in the opposite direction from humans. Their morning starts when it gets dark and their night starts when it gets light. "There appear to be rather significant differences between the effect of exercise performed in the morning and evening, and these differences are probably controlled by the body's biological clock," says co-author Jonas Thue Treebak, an associate professor from the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, in a release.The authors found that when mice are on a morning exercise schedule, the cells in their muscles are able to process fat and sugar better. That being said, they also noted that running on the treadmill in the evening causes mice to use more energy (burn more calories) for longer periods of time. "Morning exercise starts gene programs in the muscle cells, making them more effective and better able to metabolize(代谢)sugar and fat. Evening exercise, on the other hand, increases whole body energy consumption for an extended period of time," says Treebak.These findings are especially interesting to the research team because they seem to indicate the time of day when people with severe overweight or type-2 diabetes might be able to maximize the exercise gains. Still, these differing effects make it difficult for the researchers to determine when is better in general to exercise."At this point, we can only conclude that the effects of the two appear to differ, and we certainly have to do more work to determine the potential mechanisms(机制)for the beneficial effects of exercise training performed at these two time-points," says Treebak.28. What decides the different effects of exercise according to the new study?A. The biological clock.       B. The place to work out.C. The exercise machine.      D. The length of the exercise.29. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. The best time for mice to exercise.B. Unexpected things during mice’s exercise.C. The importance of exercising in the morning to mice.D. The different effects of morning and evening exercise on mice.30. Why do the findings interest the researchers?A. They can help some people to put on weight.B. They can provide a new way to treat some patients.C. They may instruct some patients to recover from injuries.D. They may show the best time to cure people of type-2 diabetes.31. What will the researchers do next?A. Set the best time for people to exercise.B. Train more people to perform morning exercise.C. Take some measures to treat unhealthy people.D. Figure out the reasons for the different benefits of exercise.DA report lasting almost three decades showed that transportation-flying, driving, rail, commercial shipping, etc. -is responsible for a larger share of domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions(排放)than any other economic sector. Though passenger cars currently account for the largest portion of transportation-related GHG emissions, air travel is one of the fastest-growing polluters. In 2018, aircraft were responsible for 9% of U. S. transportation sector GHG emissions and 2.4% of total carbon dioxide emissions globally.The carbon dioxide emitted from one round-trip flight from New York to London totals about 1, 259 pounds per passenger, according to ICAO's Carbon Emissions Calculator-that's more than what the average citizen of Kenya (and more than 30 other countries) emits over a full year.Planes also leave behind those ice trails(痕迹)-called contrail clouds-which are even more polluting than the CO2 they produce. The word "contrails" is a mix of "condensation" and "trails". They occur when waste gases mix with low-temperature, high-humidity(湿度)air. Contrails are harmful not just because they block sunlight, but also because they trap heat coming up from the ground, finally creating a warming effect below.Today, alternative fuels that are similar in chemistry to traditional fossil jet fuel, but made from waste and raw materials instead, are becoming more commonplace. San Francisco International Airport has already started delivering sustainable aviation(航空)fuel through a pipeline: American, JetBlue, and Alaska Airlines are some of the industry players that have committed to using it.New research suggests that because contrail clouds form only in very low temperatures, reducing the altitude of flights even slightly could dramatically minimize contrail climate forcing. One study found that just 2% of flights in Japan’s airspace were responsible for 80% of that space's radiative forcing. The same study estimated that if even 1.7% of flights reduced their altitude by 2,000 feet-which is a normal amount of variation from the flight path anyway-the climate impact of contrails could be cut by 59%.32. What can we learn about air travel in America from paragraph 1?A. It emitted more CO2 than passenger cars did in 2018.B. It is the most convenient means of transportation.C. It accounted for over two percent of global CO2 emissions in 2018.D. It is considered as the largest air polluter recently.33. What harm will the contrails of the plane cause?A. Global warming.           B. Low temperatures.C. Expensive flying costs.      D. Increasing water in the air.34. Why does the author mention the airlines in paragraph 4?A. To show alternative fuels are much cheaper.B. To prove alternative fuels are increasingly popular.C. To announce alternative fuels have a huge effect on the air.D. To stress raw materials of alternative fuels are common.35. What does the new research expect airplanes to do to reduce the harm of the contrails?A. Change their flight paths.       B. Reduce some flight distance.C. Develop alternative fuels.       D. Fly at a slightly lower altitude.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。We all are familiar with the term procrastination(拖延症).   36   This phenomenon is also called mood repair by some researchers in which we avoid the bad mood associated with our work by spending time on mood boosting activities. Here you’11 find four simple ways to help you quit procrastination habit to’ grow your career.1.   37   We all need to break down our projects and goals into smaller, more manageable things. Concentrating on one thing at a time can help you complete your task more quickly than you think.2. Set a realistic deadline.   38   Tasks are not likely to be concentrated in our minds without a clearly set deadline. The ambiguity(不明确)is also the biggest cause of procrastination.3. Step away from a task for a while.To maintain the level of efficiency, leave your desk to take a break or go outside for a walk.   39   Continuously thinking about your task can cause severe anxiety and make you feel overwhelmed. Taking a break will help you overcome your procrastination and work towards completing your task goals.4. Perfectionism wastes time.It is human nature that we always try to do our best, but in professional life, we all need to complete the task and move onto the next. As no finished product is perfect, we can only try to make it perfect. But if you keep trying for perfection, you will never finish your task. There is no perfect product, anywhere. You can just complete your task that is really good and accept that some faults are unavoidable.   40   A. Do one thing at a time.B. Keep away from complex projects.C. This makes task accomplishment easier.D. Instead, focus on being better than perfect.E. Let your mind relax without thinking about your tasks.F. After all, you can always come back to improve on in the future.G. It is a thought, an emotional reaction to putting off the task at hand.第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。When I decided to leave my home country of Iran for a Ph. D. in Canada, I didn't expect that communication would be a problem. I had taken English lessons and scored well on the English   41   for university admission.But after my arrival in the English-speaking world, I began to know how wrong I was. I had a hard time remaining   42   and focused in conversations because I was   43   thinking about what I would say next. I gradually turned inward and   44   , especially when surrounded by native English speakers. And I worried about my future.   45   , effective communication in English is critical to being   46   in many academic and professional environments.Then a simple idea occurred to me. Why not   47   the discussion in writing, in an email to my colleagues? Afterwards, I often sat at my computer, putting my   48   into English words. Over time, this   49   helped me think and speak at the same time in English.Meanwhile, I learned to be   50   with colleagues about the language barriers I faced. I often held back in our meetings because I still wasn't   51   about my English. Soon, however, I   52   the native English speakers on the team would   53   my apparent lack of participation as a lack of interest. So I decided to   54   them that English is not my first language, and I asked them to speak more slowly to help me follow the discussion and   55   fully. At first, they seemed slightly surprised and kept speechless for some time. But the situation quickly   56   .Now, 12 years after I moved to Canada, the   57   of the conversation can still sometimes present a challenge. But 1 have learned that I can   58   and be open with others about the difficulties I may   59   . With some effort on both sides, language barriers need not be   60   .41. A. class      B. test      C. meeting      D. team42. A. present      B. unknown      C. considerate      D. silent43. A. casually      B. skilfully      C. deliberately      D. constantly44. A. negative      B. modest      C. reliable      D. aggressive45. A. Above all      B. As a result      C. After all      D. In general46. A. reformed      B. recognized      C. clarified      D. consulted47. A. contribute to      B. approve of      C. search for      D. account for48. A. anxieties      B. thoughts      C. strengths      D. thanks49. A. progress·     B. accident      C. practice      D. challenge50. A. patient’     B. strict      C. busy      D. open51. A. curious      B. serious      C. confident      D. particular52. A. predicted      B. argued      C. realized      D. announced53. A. interpret      B. appoint      C. confirm      D. declare54. A. impress,      B. convince      C. remind      D. warn55. A. assist      B. recover      C. update      D. participate56. A. spread      B. arose      C. repeated      D. improved57. A. end      B. pace      C. art      D. style58. A. follow      B. prepare      C. escape      D. distinguish59. A. imagine      B. describe      C. overcome      D. experience60. A. undefeatable      B. unchangeable      C. inflexible      D. unforgettable第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Tianwen-1, China's first independent interplanetary mission(星际任务),   61   (reach) Mars within days of two other major missions: the United Arab Emirates' Hope satellite and NASA's Perseverance rover(探测器), after it had travelled 292 million miles from Earth. All three took advantage of a   62   (particular)suitable launch window when objects launched from Earth would have a   63   (short)and more efficient path to Mars. But all three missions will have plenty to do on the Red Planet.Various space missions, the European Space Agency's Mars Express and several of NASA's Mars rovers   64   (include), have found possible evidence of water on or under the   65   (planet)surface. But both Tianwen-1   66   the as-yet-unnamed rover will use radar devices to search for even better evidence of pockets of water on Mars.That's important, scientists say, because plenty of evidence points to Mars having an   67   (able)to support life at some point in its history: in some areas, it is likely to host liquid water. Tianwen-1's intended landing. site at the Utopia Planitia crater may still host an underground deposit(沉积层),   68   contains as much water as Lake Superior. On a broad scale, researchers around the globe hope   69   (use)information from any of the new Mars missions to look into how a planet with liquid water, organic material and an energy source can transform itself   70   a dry, dusty desert place.第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下而写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。My mother is outgoing and optimistic woman. All what she does influences me greatly. Last Sunday, when the rain was just over, she persuaded me to travel around the city by bikes together with her to enjoying the fresh air. During the trip, her bike suddenly slip and she lost her balance, fallen to the ground. Although covered in mud, but she laughed and said it was lucky for herself not to be injured. I was deep touched by her optimism. Now, whenever I am faced by challenges, I tend to view them in a positive way.第二节 书面表达(满分25分)上周末你校组织高二学生参加了一个为期两天的学农研学之旅。请为你校英文报写一篇短文，要点包括：1.活动时间和目的；2.活动内容。注意：1.词数100左右；2.短文题目已为你写好。An Unforgettable Trip of Learning Agricultural Production